SET 1

1. The following growth hormone is associated with the seedling growth

a. Auxins
b. Gibberellins
c. Cytokinins
d. Ethylene
Gibberellic acid promotes stem elongation (may reverse physiological and genetic
dwarfism in plants)
2. Who was the Secretary of Agriculture when the Bureau of Agricultural Extension,
together with the 4-H Club and Rural Improvement Club was established in 1953?
a. Rafael Alunan Sr.
b. Placido L. Mapa
c. Fernando Lopez
d. Salvador Araneta
Rafael Alunan Sr., the DANR (Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources
become the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. The Bureau of Agriculture
was split into two bureaus, the Plant Industry and the Animal Industry.
Placido L. Mapa, The Rice Economic Board was set-up making the rice industry the
first commodity to have an integrated national planning.
Salvador Araneta, three major agencies under the DANR were created namely:
Agricultural Tenancy Commission, precursor of the Department of Agrarian Reform;
Philippine Tobacco Administration, forerunner of the National Tobacco
Administration; and Philippine Coconut Administration (now known as Philippine
Coconut Authority)
3. The enactment of this law replaces the Philippine Seed Board (PSB) with the
National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) on March 27, 1992.
a. R.A. 7001
b. R.A. 7308
c. R.A. 2000
d. R.A. 8435
R.A. 7001- An act Establing a High School in the Municipality of Mallig, Province of
Isabela, to be known as the Mallig High Scholl, and Appropriating Funds Therefor
R.A. 8435- Agriculture and Fisheries Modernazition Act (AFMA) of 1997
R.A. 2000- not existing
 4. The Philippines is an agricultural country with a land area of 30 million hectares.
How many percent of the total land area is agricultural land?
a. 50% (15,000,000 hectares)
b. 47% (14,000,000 hectares)
c. 35% (10, 500,000 hectares)
d. 40% (12,000,000 hectares)
Land resources in the country are generally classified into forest lands and alienable
and disposable lands.
A total of 15.8 M hectares were classified into forest land and 14.2 M ha are
alienable and disposable lands. Out of the 14.2 M ha alienable and disposable lands,
93% or 13 M ha are classified as agricultural lands
5. Which of the following is a variety of pili?
a. Mestizo
b. Mayon #2
c. Amarillo
d. Igorota
Mestizo- rice
Amarillo- rambutan (the first Philippine yellow variety of rambutan)
Igorota- potato
6. The implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law allows a farm
household to own a farm not larger than ____________.
a. 3 has
b. 7 has
c. 10 has
d. 5 has
7. Lansium domesticum is a fruit produced in this municipality
a. Benguet, Mt. Province
b. San Marcelino, Zambales
c. San Mateo, Isabela
d. Paeta, Laguna
Agriculturally, tree is grown throughout the entire Southeast Asia region, ranging from
Southern India to the Philippines for its fruit. IN the Philippines, where it is locally referred
to as the lanzones or langsa, the plant is grown mostly on the southern parts of the island of
Luzon, especially in Paete, Laguna, due to the species’ narrow range of conditions favorable
to its survival. It is also found in abundance on Northern Mindanao particularly in places as
Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, and Camiguin. The Camiguin variety is especially sweet and
succulent.
8. It refers to the process by which the economy is transformed from being
predominantly agricultural to dominantly industrial and service-oriented, where
agriculture is the driving force that pushes for industry and services through the
market it creates, the labor that absorbs and the income that it generates which is
channeled to industry and services.
a. Resource accounting
b. Agricultural development
c. Rural industrialization
d. Farming system
Resource Accounting-
Agricultural development-providing assistance to the crop producers with the
help of various agricultural resources
Farming System-the manner in which a particular set of farm resource us
assembled within its environment by means of technology for the production of
primary agricultural products, excluding postharvest handling, processing and
marketing.
Note: I can’t find the definition for resource accounting only for human resource
accounting and nature resource accounting.
9. It is the transfer of desirable genes into organisms like production genetically
modified organisms (GMO) synthetic genetic engineering, application of
recombinant DNA technology, gene splicing or crossing over from different sources.
a. Transformation
b. Diagnosis
c. Bioinformatics
d. Marker-assisted Breeding
Diagnosis- an act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone
or something
Bioinformatics- hybrid science that links biological data with techniques for
information storage distribution and analysis to support multiple area of scientific
research
Marker Assisted Breeding- the intentional interbreeding and selection of plant
varieties of the goal of producing new varieties with improved properties (e.g.
higher yield, bigger fruit, disease resistance, etc.)
10.Which of the following is NOT a forage crop?
a. R. communis
b. M. atropurpureum
c. S. humilis
d. P. purpureum
 Tangan-tangan/Castor Bean/Castor Oil Plant-Ricinus communis
Siratro/Purple Bush-bean- Macroptilium atropurpureum
Magsaysay-lucerne/Townsville Lucerne-Stylosanthes humilis
Buntot-pusa/Napier Grass- Pennisetum purpureum

11.A respiratory quotient (RQ) value equals to 1 means:

a. Glucose is being respired
b. Fats is being respired
c. Anaerobic respiration is taking place
d. Aerobic respiration is involved
Respiratory quotient is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the
volume of oxygen consumed in respiration over a period of time. Its value can be
one, zero, more than 1 or less than one.
RQ= Volume of CO2 evolved/ Volume of O2 absorbed
Carbohydrates: The respiratory quotient for carbohydrate metabolism can be
demonstrated by the chemical equation for oxidation of glucose:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Because the gas exchange in this reactions equal, the respiratory quotient for
carbohydrate is RQ= 6CO2/6O=1
12.Leguminous crops can fix N from the atmosphere. Which is not under the family
Leguminoceae or Fabaceae?
a. Phaseolus lunatus
b. Lagenaria siceraria
c. Vigna unguiculata
d. Phaseolus vulgaris

Bataw/Lima Beans-Phaseolus lunatus

Paayap/Cowpea- Lagenaria siceraria
Upo/Bottle Gourd- Vigna unguiculata
Patani/Kidney Bean-Phaseolus vulgaris

13.It refers to the type of grassland utilization wherein farmers with a permanent place
of residence send their herds, tended by herdsmen, for long periods of time to
distant grazing areas.
a. Total nomadism
b. Partial nomadism
c. Semi-nomadism
d. Transhumance
 Total Nomadism-movement which is neither aimless nir boundless, frim pasture to
pasture and from watering point to watering point, along well-defined route, at
fixed periods in rhythm with the rainy and dry seasons and in greater or lesser
comity with adjourning nomad is and settle group. Little or no agriculture is
practiced.
Partial Nomadism/ Semi-nomadism- (also known as ass nomadism to distinguish
the ass from the camel as the chief form of transport) is a mode of pastoral
nomadism loosely applied to people who are often conceived as midway in the
process of settling down after an earlier fully nomadic life.
14.Which is NOT a characteristics of dicotyledonous plants?
a. Netted venation
b. Floral parts in 5’s or multiple of 5
c. Tap root system
d. Distinct nodes and internodes
Dicots
- 2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
- Netted veins
- Tap roots
- Vascular bundles in are arranged in rings
- Floral parts in multiples of four or five
15.A basic type of Hybrid crosses wherein a hybrid is crossed to one of its parents to
improve lines or cultivar that excel in most desirable characteristics but lack one or
a few.
a. Polycross
b. Top cross
c. Double cross
d. Backcross
Polycross-open pollination in isolation among a number if selected genotypes
arranged in a manner that promotes random mating
Top cross- cross between an inbred and an open-pollinated variety
Double cross- two pairs of inbreds are crossed to produce single-cross hybrid and
the two single-cross hybrids are crossed to produce double cross hybrid
16.Mangifera indica L., our national fruit, is what type of fleshy fruit?
a. Fibrous drupe
b. Berry
c. Fleshy drupe
d. Pepo
 Pepo- type of fruit defined by hard rind and a fleshy inner matrix ex. Watermelons,
cantaloupe, squash, pumpkins
Berry- has entirely fleshy ovary ex. Grapes
Fleshy drupe- a type of drupe with a fleshy exterior surrounding the seed
Fibrous drupe- a type of drupe with a single hard surrounding the seed ex. coconut
17.Which of the following hybrid rice is NOT being recommended by the National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC)?
a. PSB Rc 26 H (Magat)
b. PSB RC 62 H (Makiling)
c. PSB RC 72 H (Mestizo)
d. PSB RC 76 H (Panay)
NOTE: I can’t find any reason for this one. I searched and read articles, however, I
hadn’t found stand for this answer.
18.An agency actively doing in breeding work of sugarcane varieties
a. National Seed Industry Council
b. Institute of Plant Breeding
c. DLU Pearl Sweet
d. Victorias Milling Company
The Sugarcane Regulatory Administration (SRA) and the Victorias Milling Company
are the two leading agencies in doing breeding work of sugarcane varieties in the
Philippines.
19.A recommended variety of cotton
a. Biyaya 12
b. Batac 1
c. Sagana
d. Tiwala 4
Peanut- Biyaya 12
Cowpea- Sagana
Soybeans- Tiwala 4

20.Embryo culture technique in true-breeding Makapuno trees was development by

a. Dr. Emerita V. De Guzman
b. Dr. Estrelita V. De Guzman
c. Dr. Emerita B. De Guzman
d. Dr. Estrelita B. De Guzman
21.A native Abaca verity grown in Mindanao
a. Maguindanao
b. Lausigon
 c. Linlay
d. Tinawagang Puti
NATIVE ABACA VARIETY
Mindanao
- Tangongon
- Maguindanao
- Bungulanon
Samar and Leyte
- Inusa
- Linawaan
- Mininonga
Bicol
- Samina
- Lausigon
- Itom
22.Which of the following is a nut?
a. Coconut
b. Pili nut
c. Peanut
d. Cashew nut
Coconut= fibrous drupe
Peanut=legume
Cashew nut= odd drupe
23.Storage plastids store starch, oil, and proteins are called
a. Aleuroplast
b. Elaioplast
c. Amyloplast
d. Leucoplast
Amyloplast- these leucoplasts convert glucose to starch for storage
Elaioplast- these leucoplasts synthesize fatty acids and store oils in lipid-filled
microcompartments called plastoglobuli. They are important to the proper
development of pollen grains.
Aleuroplast or Proteinoplast- these leucoplasts store protein and are often found
in seeds.
24.To ensure high temperature rate, seeds must be viable enough. Which method is
commonly used in testing seed viability?
a. Rag doll method
b. Petri-dish method
c. Seed box method
d. 78 hrs
 Ragdoll method- seeds are arranged in rows and rolled up. The material is placed
in a germinator at 90% RH at 26% for 16hrs, then another 8hrs at 30oC for one to
several weeks
Seedbox method- seeds are sown in previously sterilized soil
Petri-dish method- seeds are placed in absorbent material in the dish
78hrs/ tetrazolium method- is only one of a number of biochemical tests which
have been developed for seed testing.
25.Wind direction varies according to season. An easterly wind blows at direction from
a. East to west
b. The equator to the east
c. West to east
d. The equator to the west
26.The tissue of the leaf where the process of photosynthesis takes place.
a. Mesophyll
b. Hypodermis
c. Epidermis
d. Vascular bundle
Mesophyll- the internal tissue of a leaf blasé (lamina) consisting of parenchyma
cells. There are two distinct forms. Palisade mesophyll lies just beneath the upper
epidermis and consists of cells elongated at right angles to the leaf surface. They
contain a large number of chloroplasts and their principle function is
photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll occupies most of the remainder of the lamina. It
consists of spherical loosely arranged cells containing fewer chloroplasts that the
palisade mesophyll Between these cells are air spaces leading to the stomata.
Hypodermis (exodermis)- the outmost layer of cell in the plant cortex, lying
immediately below the epidermis. These cells are sometimes modified to give
additional structures support or to store food materials or water. After the loss of
the piliferous layer of the root the hypodermis taken over the protective functions of
the epidermis
Epidermis- the outmost layer of cells covering a plant. It is overlaid by a cuticle and
its functions are principally to protect the plant from injury and to reduce water
loss. Some epidermal cells are modified to form guard cells or hairs of various types.
In woody plants the function of shoot epidermis is taken over by the periderm
tissues and in mature roots the epidermis is sloughed off and replaced by the
hypodermis.
Vascular Bundle- a strand of conducing tissue extending lengthwise through the
stems and roots of higher plants, including the ferns allies, gymnosperm and
angiosperm. The vascular bundle consists of xylem, which conducts water and
 dissolved mineral substances from the soil to the leaves and phloem which conducts
dissolved foods especially sugars, from the leaves to the storage tissues of the stem
and root.
27.A characteristic response of the roots and shoots such that they align themselves
parallel to the direction of the gravity
a. Diagravitropic
b. Agravitropic
c. Orthogravitrophic
d. Negative tropism
Diagravitropic- horizontal
Agravitropic- independent of gravity
Negative tropism- vertically up
28.Fruits vary in color, size, and shape. An example of small fruit is
a. Pineapple
b. Tamarind
c. Lanzones
d. Duhat
Pineapple-The oval to cylindrical-shaped compound fruit develops from many
small fruit fused together. IT is both juicy and fleshy with the stem serving as the
fibrous core. The tough, waxy rind may be dark green, yellow, orange-yellow or
reddish when the fruit is ripe. The flesh ranges from nearly white to yellow. In size
the fruits are up to 12 inches long and weigh 1 to 10 pounds or more.
29.Seeds generally processes a nutritive tissue e.g. endosperm to supply the growth of
the embryo during germination. Some plants however produce seeds without
endosperm. An example of such plant is the
a. Banana
b. Citrus
c. Orchid
d. Gumamela
Orchids- orchid seeds don’t have an endosperm which gives the supplements
required to the germination. Because of this, all orchids (counting non-parasitic
forms) live in beneficial interaction with amid germination. Germination can last
from couple of weeks to 15 years.
30.The destruction of the chlorophyll molecules due to strong light intensity is called
a. Photolysis
b. Etiolation
c. Photo-oxidation
d. Discoloration
 Photolysis-a chemical reaction produced by exposure to light or UV radiation. The
photolysis of water using energy from sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll, produces
gaseous oxygen, electrons and hydrogen ions and a key reaction in photosynthesis.
Etiolation- the state of plants that have been grown in the dark. They are not green,
having little or no chlorophyll and have very long internodes and rudimentary leaf
growth. These features associated with etiolation that the shoot is carried towards
the light as rapidly as possible.
31.Is an irreversible increase in the size of the organisms?
a. Development
b. Catabolism
c. Growth
d. Anabolism
Development- denote the attainment of size by virtue of growth and architectural
style but the concomitant process of morphogenesis
Catabolism- produces smaller molecules used by the cell to synthesize large
molecules. It is a convergent process in which many different types of molecules are
broken down into relatively few types of end products e.g. breaks down glucose
Anabolism- the process by which living organisms synthesize complex molecules
from simpler one. Anabolic reactions are divergent processes, that is, relatively few
types of raw materials are used to synthesize a wide variety of end products. This
increases cellular size or complexity or both e.g. synthesizes glucose.
32.Domestication of plants led to
a. Change in plant type and limited ecological adaptation
b. Narrower genetic variation and wilder ecological adaptation
c. The disappearance of the natural and wider ecological adaptation
d. The disappearance of the natural habitats of wild plants
e. Increased genetic variation and limited ecological adaptation
33.A post-production operation involving the transfer of heat covering the water in the
grain to vapor and transferring it to the atmosphere
a. Drying
b. Curing
c. Threshing
d. Milling
Curing-process of toughening and self-healing of bruise and skinned areas in roots
and tuber crops or the rapid closing of the neck of bulb crops under favorable
condition
Threshing- separation of gram from the stalk on which it grows and from the chaff
or pod that covers it.
 Milling- separates the fine mealy parts of grain from the fibrous bran covering
34.Peanuts and soybean must be dried to a moisture content that is _ to prevent grains
from infection by Aspergillus flavus which produces aflatoxin
a. Equal to 14%
b. Lower than 14%
c. Higher than 14%
d. 25%-30%
Aspergillus flavus growth occurs at different moisture levels for different crops. For
starchy cereals, growth occurs at 13.0-13.2%. For soybeans, growth occurs at 11.5-
11.8%. For other crops, growth occurs at 14%
35.The petals of a flower are collectively termed as
a. Androecium
b. Gynoecium
c. Corolla
d. Calyx
Calyx- layer most whorl of modified leaves, also known as sepals.
Gynoecium or pistil- group of carpels in the center or at the top of the flower. The
ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by
stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit and the mature ovule is a seed.
Androecium or Stamen- the pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a
slender filament supporting the anther
36.To be given a license to operate a rice mill, milling recovery should not go below
a. 62%
b. 52%
c. 42%
d. 32%
Milling Process Milling recovery (%) Head rice recovery (%)
Potential (Laboratory 68-72 50-581
Single Stage village mill 50-55 15-30
(Engleberg steel mill)
Compact rice mill (two >60 40-50
stage single pass village
mill)
Multi stage, modern rice 65-70 45-55
mill

37.Oil is extracted from this part of the corn kernel

a. Endosperm
 b. Germ
c. Testa
d. Bran layer
Testa- the protective outer covering of a seed, the seed coat
Endosperm- the inner part of cereal grains. Tissue that surrounds the developing
embryo of a seed and provides food for growth.
Bran layer- made up of pericarp and testa, the aluerone layer and the embryo
Germ- it is a reproductive part that germinate to grow into a plant, it is the embryo
of the seed. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces
refined grain product.

38.The first genetically modified food crop produced in developed countries due to its
delayed ripening is
a. Tomato
b. Watermelon
c. Eggplant
d. Soybean
Tomato- Flavr Savr
Watemelon- seedless watermelon
Eggplant- Bt eggplant against fruit and shoot borer
Soybean- glyphosate-resistance

39.A root crop having a short shelf life of not more than 48 hrs and should be processed
immediately after harvest
a. Sweet potato
b. Yam
c. Cassava
d. Taro
Yam
Physiological losses due to sprouting and respiration account for much of the weight
loss in storage. There also deplete food reserves and exhaust planting materials.
Sprouting often makes the yam bitter and unpalatable
40.A common method of curing employed in native tobacco
a. Bulk curing
b. Sun curing
c. Flue curing
d. Night curing
Sun-curing= preservation by exposure to the rays of sun
Flue curing= curing using heat from popes or flues connected to furnace
 Night curing= curing during night time
Note: I’m still doubtful in this question because I’d read some articles and they
identified that air-curing, sun-curing and flue-curing were the most common methods in
curing tobaccos.
 Virginia or flue-cured tobacco, is also known as “bright tobacco” because of the
golden-yellow to deep-orange color it takes on during curing. Typically cured for week
in heated barns, it has a light, bright aroma and taste. It is mainly grown in Argentina,
Brazil, China, India, Tanzania, and the United States.
 Burley Tobacco, is light to dark brown in color. Air-cured in barns for ups to two
months, burley loses most of its natural sugars and develops a strong, almost cigar-
like taste. It is mainly grown in Argentina, Brazil, Italy, Malawi, and the US.
 Oriental tobacco, is highly aromatic. Its small leaves are harvested individually and
sun-cured in the open air. It is mainly grown in Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and
Turkey.

41.How many coconuts will make 1 kg of copra?

a. 3 to 5
b. 5 to 7
c. 7 to 10
d. 1 to 3
42.The point in the stem where leaves and bud arise is the
a. Branch axil
b. Internode
c. Leaf axil
d. Node
Node= the part of the stem of a plant from which a leaf, branch, or aerial root grows,
each plant has many nodes
Internode=the area of the stem between any two adjacent nodes
Leaf axil= the point in the main stem where the buds and shoots develop
43.The capacity of a cultured cell in vitro to regenerate into a plant
a. Potency
b. Sustainability
c. Totipotency
d. Culturability
Potency= the capacity or aptitude in a being to receive some perfection or perfom
some action
 Sustainability= capacity of a system to maintain output at a level approximately
equal to or greater than its historical average, with the approximation determined
by its historical variability.
Culturability= a combination of usability and cultural appropriateness for a
particular audience
44.Frequency of harvesting of coconut for one year is
a. 4 times
b. 8 times
c. 12 times
d. 16 times
Coconut Palms
Talls and hybrids- mature nuts can be harvested in 11-12 months after perfect
pollination of female flowers. Coconut trees can be harvested every 2-3 month.
Rapidly germinating varieties (still on hanging bunches) should be harvested
earlier. Harvesting every 45-60 days’ interval (8-6 harvest rounds per year), with
usually 1-2 harvestable bunches each could be practical and more economic.
45.A blueprint on how a farm to be developed given its resources and the environment
a. Farm plan
b. Land use
c. Site evaluation
d. Farm suitability
Land use= refer to the manner of utilizing land, including its allocation,
development and management.
Site evaluation= assessment of site performance when used for specified purposes.
Farm suitability= the fitness of a given type of land/farm for a defined use
46.In glycolysis glucose is converted to
a. Phosphoglyceric acid
b. Succinic acid
c. Pyruvic acid
d. Malic acid
Phosphoglyceric acid= a 3-carbob organic acid formed during glycolysis that is the
first relatively stable compound formed in the Calvin Cycle after the fixation of CO2
in C3 plants. The first product; an unstable 6-carbon composed, is formed when CO2
combines with ribulose diphosphate.
Succinic acid= produced and concentrated in the mitochondria and its primary
biological function is that of a metabolic intermediate. All metabolic pathways that
are interlinked with the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle, including the metabolism of
 carbohydrate, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and heme, rely on the temporary
formation of succinate. The intermediate is made available for biosynthetic
processes through multiple pathways including the reductive branch of the TCA
cycle or the glyoxylate cycle, which are able to dive net production of succinate.
47.Plant grown for their short thickened underground stem
a. Root crops
b. Cereals
c. Tuber crops
d. Legume
Root crops- thickened underground roots
Cereals- grown for their grains
Legumes- for pods and seeds
48.The deteriorative process that ends the functional life of an organism or organ is
called
a. Deterioration
b. Senility
c. Senescence
d. Disease
Senility- the state of physical and mental deterioration that is associated with the
ageing process
Disease- any condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism or body
Deterioration- downgrading of the effectiveness or physical characteristics of a
substances fie to faulty packaging or abnormal storage conditions

49.This refers to the physiological response of plants to variations in the duration of

day light length of days and night.
a. Photoperiodism
b. Phototropism
c. Light intensity
d. Light quality
Phototropism- the growth of a plant in the direction of its light source
Light quality- the description of the intensity of light does not consider wavelength
or color
Light intensity or light quantity- the total amount of light that plants receive. It is
also described as the degree of brightness that a plant is exposed to.

50.Which dried coffee beans are mostly produced in Sultan Kudarat, cacao has the most
production in what province?
a. Sorsogon
b. Catanduanes
c. Davao del norte
d. Davao del sur
The explanation is in supplemental notes