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    Republic of Iraq

    Uploaded by

    Khawlah Abdulameer
    This document appears to be a research paper submitted by Siraj Abdulhadi Hmmadi to the University of Wasit in Iraq to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. The research paper focuses on thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, and is supervised by Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Raji Al-Attabi. The paper includes an abstract that provides an overview of thalassemia prevalence worldwide and its associated health complications. It also lists the paper's contents which cover topics like the pathophysiology and management of iron overload in thalassemia patients. Tables included in the paper relate thalassemia genotypes to clinical features and complications and propose strategies for assessing and monitoring iron overload.

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    Republic of Iraq

    Uploaded by

    Khawlah Abdulameer
    26 views7 pages
    This document appears to be a research paper submitted by Siraj Abdulhadi Hmmadi to the University of Wasit in Iraq to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. The research paper focuses on thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, and is supervised by Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Raji Al-Attabi. The paper includes an abstract that provides an overview of thalassemia prevalence worldwide and its associated health complications. It also lists the paper's contents which cover topics like the pathophysiology and management of iron overload in thalassemia patients. Tables included in the paper relate thalassemia genotypes to clinical features and complications and propose strategies for assessing and monitoring iron overload.

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    This document appears to be a research paper submitted by Siraj Abdulhadi Hmmadi to the University of Wasit in Iraq to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. The research paper focuses on thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, and is supervised by Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Raji Al-Attabi. The paper includes an abstract that provides an overview of thalassemia prevalence worldwide and its associated health complications. It also lists the paper's contents which cover topics like the pathophysiology and management of iron overload in thalassemia patients. Tables included in the paper relate thalassemia genotypes to clinical features and complications and propose strategies for assessing and monitoring iron overload.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views7 pages

    Republic of Iraq

    Uploaded by

    Khawlah Abdulameer
    This document appears to be a research paper submitted by Siraj Abdulhadi Hmmadi to the University of Wasit in Iraq to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. The research paper focuses on thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, and is supervised by Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Raji Al-Attabi. The paper includes an abstract that provides an overview of thalassemia prevalence worldwide and its associated health complications. It also lists the paper's contents which cover topics like the pathophysiology and management of iron overload in thalassemia patients. Tables included in the paper relate thalassemia genotypes to clinical features and complications and propose strategies for assessing and monitoring iron overload.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Republic of Iraq

    Ministry of Higher Education


    and Scientific Research
    University of Wasit
    College of Science
    Department of Biology

    A research
    Submitted to University of Wasit \ College of Science as a
    Fulfillment of the Requirement for the B.Sc. Degree In Biology

    Siraj Abdulhadi Hmmadi


    4th Grade (Group B) Evening

    Supervised by:
    Assist.Prof. Dr. Mohammed Raji Al-Attabi

    ‫ه‬1441 ‫ م‬0202
    1
    ‫بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم‬

    ‫{ويَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي‬

    ‫وَمَا أُوتِيتُم مِّن الْعِلْمِ إِالَّ قَلِيالً}‬

    ‫صدق اهلل العليّ العظيم‬

    ‫سورة اإلسراء‬

    ‫اآلية { ‪}58‬‬

    ‫‪2‬‬
    Dedication

    To my family, who support me and

    gave me all the love with strength in

    my life….

    To my injured country, Iraq….

    Thank you for your love and support..

    Siraj

    3
    Acknowledgments

    Above of all, I give all the thank to my lord Allah who supports me

    during my study.

    I would like to thank my supervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Raji

    Al-Attabi for his scientific support in the research.

    I wish to thank the dean of the college of science, Wasit University and

    the head of Biology department for providing us to complete the study.

    As well as, I would like to thank Grateful acknowledgment to Biology

    department for their support and assistance.

    Special thank for my family, my dear father, mother, brothers, sisters

    and my great friends who support me with love during my study.

    Siraj
    2020

    4
    Abstract:

    Thalassemia’s are genetic disorders inherited from a person’s parents.


    Thalassemia’s are prevalent worldwide with 25,000 deaths in 2013.Highest rates
    are in the Mediterranean, Italy, Greece, Turkey, West Asia, North Africa, South
    Asian, and Southeast Asia. The β-thalassemia major is the most severe form
    and the affected children are dependent on regular blood transfusions for
    survival. One of the major complications in chronically transfused patients is
    development of irregular antibodies and in this situation; further transfusion of
    compatible red cell is difficult. Hemoglobinopathies imply abnormalities in the
    globin proteins themselves. Health complications are mostly found in thalassemia
    major and intermediate patients. Signs and symptoms include severe anemia, poor
    growth and skeletal abnormalities during infancy. Untreated thalassemia major
    eventually leads to death, usually by heart failure. 1

    Diagnosis by hematologic tests, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and DNA


    analysis. Individuals with severe thalassemia require blood transfusion, drug
    therapy i.e. deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone, and bone marrow transplant.
    Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is still remains the only definitive cure available
    for patients with Thalassemia. Gene therapy for β- Thalassemia is still on trial and
    a hope for future. Genetic studies (DNA analysis) to investigate deletions and
    mutations in the alpha- and beta-globin-producing gene help in correct
    diagnosis and improved management in thalassemic patients. 2

    5
    List of Contents

    Subject page

    Abstract I

    Chapter 0ne- Introduction and Literature Review 1

    Prevalence 3

    Pathophysiology of Thalassemia
    4
    Pathophysiology of Iron Overload
    5

    Magnetic resonance imaging 8

    Serum Ferritin Assessment 9


    10
    Management of iron overload in thalassemia

    Conclusions & Recommendations 13


    References
    15

    List of Tables
    Table Page

    (Table-1) Thalassemia Genotypes, Syndromes and clinical features 5

    (Table-2) Distribution of complications related to iron overload in TDT & NTDT 7

    )Table-3( Recommended strategies for assessment of iron overload 8

    (Table-4) the proposed strategy for safety monitoring and follow up for ICT 11

    6
    Chapter One

    Introduction &
    Literature Review

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