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    Access Modifiers in Java

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    Venu D
    There are 4 types of access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public - that control the accessibility and scope of classes, methods, and other members. Private is accessible only within the class, default only within the package, protected within the package and subclasses outside the package, and public everywhere. The document provides examples of each access modifier and notes that overridden methods cannot have a more restrictive access than the parent method.

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    Access Modifiers in Java

    Uploaded by

    Venu D
    188 views5 pages
    There are 4 types of access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public - that control the accessibility and scope of classes, methods, and other members. Private is accessible only within the class, default only within the package, protected within the package and subclasses outside the package, and public everywhere. The document provides examples of each access modifier and notes that overridden methods cannot have a more restrictive access than the parent method.

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    There are 4 types of access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public - that control the accessibility and scope of classes, methods, and other members. Private is accessible only within the class, default only within the package, protected within the package and subclasses outside the package, and public everywhere. The document provides examples of each access modifier and notes that overridden methods cannot have a more restrictive access than the parent method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    188 views5 pages

    Access Modifiers in Java

    Uploaded by

    Venu D
    There are 4 types of access modifiers in Java - private, default, protected, and public - that control the accessibility and scope of classes, methods, and other members. Private is accessible only within the class, default only within the package, protected within the package and subclasses outside the package, and public everywhere. The document provides examples of each access modifier and notes that overridden methods cannot have a more restrictive access than the parent method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Access Modifiers in java

    1. private access modifier


    2. Role of private constructor
    3. default access modifier
    4. protected access modifier
    5. public access modifier
    6. Applying access modifier with method overriding

    There are two types of modifiers in java: access modifiers and non-access modifiers.

    The access modifiers in java specifies accessibility (scope) of a data member, method,
    constructor or class.

    There are 4 types of java access modifiers:

    1. private
    2. default
    3. protected
    4. public

    There are many non-access modifiers such as static, abstract, synchronized, native, volatile,
    transient etc. Here, we will learn access modifiers.

    1) private access modifier


    The private access modifier is accessible only within class.

    Simple example of private access modifier

    In this example, we have created two classes A and Simple. A class contains private data member and p
    are accessing these private members from outside the class, so there is compile time error.
    1. class A{  
    2. private int data=40;  
    3. private void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}  
    4. }  
    5.   
    6. public class Simple{  
    7.  public static void main(String args[]){  
    8.    A obj=new A();  
    9.    System.out.println(obj.data);//Compile Time Error  
    10.    obj.msg();//Compile Time Error  
    11.    }  
    12. }  

    Role of Private Constructor

    If you make any class constructor private, you cannot create the instance of that class from outside the
    1. class A{  
    2. private A(){}//private constructor  
    3. void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}  
    4. }  
    5. public class Simple{  
    6.  public static void main(String args[]){  
    7.    A obj=new A();//Compile Time Error  
    8.  }  
    9. }  

    Note: A class cannot be private or protected except nested class.

    2) default access modifier


    If you don't use any modifier, it is treated as default bydefault. The default modifier is accessible only w

    Example of default access modifier

    In this example, we have created two packages pack and mypack. We are accessing the A class from ou
    since A class is not public, so it cannot be accessed from outside the package.
    1. //save by A.java  
    2. package pack;  
    3. class A{  
    4.   void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
    5. }  

    1. //save by B.java  
    2. package mypack;  
    3. import pack.*;  
    4. class B{  
    5.   public static void main(String args[]){  
    6.    A obj = new A();//Compile Time Error  
    7.    obj.msg();//Compile Time Error  
    8.   }  
    9. }  

    In the above example, the scope of class A and its method msg() is default so it cannot be
    accessed from outside the package.

    3) protected access modifier


    The protected access modifier is accessible within package and outside the package but
    through inheritance only.

    The protected access modifier can be applied on the data member, method and constructor.
    It can't be applied on the class.

    Example of protected access modifier


    In this example, we have created the two packages pack and mypack. The A class of pack
    package is public, so can be accessed from outside the package. But msg method of this
    package is declared as protected, so it can be accessed from outside the class only through
    inheritance.

    1. //save by A.java  
    2. package pack;  
    3. public class A{  
    4. protected void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
    5. }  

    1. //save by B.java  
    2. package mypack;  
    3. import pack.*;  
    4.   
    5. class B extends A{  
    6.   public static void main(String args[]){  
    7.    B obj = new B();  
    8.    obj.msg();  
    9.   }  
    10. }  
    Output:Hello

    4) public access modifier


    The public access modifier is accessible everywhere. It has the widest scope among all other modifier

    Example of public access modifier


    1. //save by A.java  
    2.   
    3. package pack;  
    4. public class A{  
    5. public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}  
    6. }  

    1. //save by B.java  
    2.   
    3. package mypack;  
    4. import pack.*;  
    5.   
    6. class B{  
    7.   public static void main(String args[]){  
    8.    A obj = new A();  
    9.    obj.msg();  
    10.   }  
    11. }  
    Output:Hello

    Understanding all java access modifiers


    Let's understand the access modifiers by a simple table.
    Java access modifiers with method overriding
    If you are overriding any method, overridden method (i.e. declared in subclass) must not be
    more restrictive.

    1. class A{  
    2. protected void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}  
    3. }  
    4.   
    5. public class Simple extends A{  
    6. void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}//C.T.Error  
    7.  public static void main(String args[]){  
    8.    Simple obj=new Simple();  
    9.    obj.msg();  
    10.    }  
    11. }  

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