Velusamy et al., IJPSR, 2016; Vol. 7(5): 2065-2073.

E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

IJPSR (2016), Vol. 7, Issue 5 (Research Article)

Received on 07 December, 2015; received in revised form, 26 January, 2016; accepted, 07 February, 2016; published 01 May, 2016

COLLECTION AND DATA-MINING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS WITH CANCER

TREATMENT PROPERTIES IN THE PLANTS OF FABACEAE FAMILY
Balan Velusamy, Saravanan Kaliyaperumal* and Arulpriya Raju
PG & Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous) Puthanampatti – 621
007, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India.
Key words: ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants therapeutic agents are a big source of
Medicinal Plants, information for a wide variety of chemical constituents which could be
Phytochemical Compound, developed as new drugs. The present study focused on anticancer,
Anticancer, Antitumor and Cancer antitumor anticarcinogenic and cancer preventive activities of bioactive
Preventive Activities. compounds found in plants belonging to Fabaceae family. The bioactive
Correspondence to Author: compounds and their scientific details were mining from publically
Saravanan Kaliyaperumal available phytochemical databases (Dr. Duke’s phytochemistry and
PG & Research Department of ethnobotanical database and USDA phytochemical database). Fabaceae
Zoology, Nehru Memorial College family is one of the largest family which includes 18,860 plant species, of
(Autonomous), Puthanampatti – 621 them, 12 plant species were identified to posses 106 bioactive compounds
007, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India
related to cancer treatment. The plant species such as Acacia nilotica,
Arachis hypogaea, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max,
E-mail: [email protected] Mimosa pudica, Pisum sativum, Psoralea esculenta, Tamarindus indica,
Trifolium pratense, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Vigna subterranean
possess bioactive compounds leading to cancer treatment. The important
and mostly studied phytochemical compounds are Beta carotene, Alpha
tocopherol, Alanine, Genestein, Caffeic acid, Tannin, Alpha carotene,
Ascorbic acid, Limonene, Daidzein, Rutin and Niacin.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a group of diseases In recent years, focus on plant research by

involving abnormal cell growth with the potential scientists and pharmacologists has increased all
to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It has over the world and a large body of evidence has
become a big threat to human beings globally. The been accumulated to highlight the immense
high mortality rate among cancer patients is an potential of medicinal plants used in various
indication of the limited efficiency of the current traditional systems of medicine 1, 2, 3. Plants-derived
therapies including radiation therapy, compounds such as Beta carotene, Alpha-
chemotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. tocopherol, Alanine, fibre, Caffeic acid, Tannin,
Kaempferol, Ascorbic acid, Limonene, Daidzein,
QUICK RESPONSE CODE Rutin, and niacin have played an important role in
DOI: the development of several clinically useful
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(5).2065-73
anticancer agents 4. Despite this encouraging
preamble and the abundant literature describing the
Article can be accessed online on: molecular mechanisms triggered by
www.ijpsr.com
phytochemicals to inhibit cell growth and induce
DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7 (5).2065-73 apoptosis in cancer cells, only a few of them
entered clinical trials. So, the present study focuses

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on bioactive compounds found in the Fabaceae mining from the online sources such as Google
family which leads to cancer treatment. Further, the scholar (http://scholar.google.co.in/) and pubmed
present study will explain the putative (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). The said
mechanism(s) of action of largely studied journal was selected to capture the greatest quantity
phytoresources from in vitro and in vivo studies, of high-quality data in a cost, and time-effective
and the current status of their clinical applications manner. From each publication, details of the
in view of their realistic adoption as single compounds tested, the assays performed and any
chemotherapeutic agents or as chemosensitizers, in target information for these assays were abstracted.
association with canonical and novel anticancer
drugs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
In Fabaceae family, there are 12 plant species were
MATERIALS AND METHODS: identified as lead for cancer drugs. They are such as
Data-mining of bioactive phytochemicals: Acacia nilotica, Arachis hypogaea, Cajanus cajan,
In the present study, the bioactive phytochemicals Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max, Mimosa pudica,
which are having potential of cancer treatment and Pisum sativum, Psoralea esculenta, Tamarindus
cancer prevention were manually mining from indica, Trifolium pratense, Trigonella foenum
publically available phytochemical databases (Dr. graecum and Vigna subterranea. These plant
Duke’s phytochemistry and ethnobotanical species possessed 106 bioactive compounds related
database (www.ars-grin.gov/duke). to anticancer, antitumor anticarcinogenic and
cancer preventive agents. Among these
Collection and mining of literatures of bioactive phytochemical compounds, 23 phytochemical
compounds as therapeutic agents: compounds were found to be possess anticancer
The literatures related to anticancer, antitumor activity, 49 phytochemical compounds possess
cancer preventive activities of phytoresources were antitumor activity, 15 phytochemical compounds
collected from publically available online sources. possess Anticarcinogenic activity and 79
The full texts of peer-reviewed scientific phytochemical compounds possess cancer
publications in a variety of journal were manually preventive activity (Table 1).
TABLE 1: LIST OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN 12 PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR ANTICANCER,
ANTITUMOR ANTICARCINOGENIC AND CANCER PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES
S. No Anticancer activity Antitumor activity Anticarcinogenic Cancer preventive activity
activity
1 Alpha carotene Alpha-amyrin (+) Catechin (+) Catechin
2 Alpha-terpineol Alpha-tocopherol Ascorbic acid 4-hydroxycinnamic acid
3 Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene Biochannin a 5-hydroxytryptamine
4 Beta-carotene Betulin Caffeic acid Alanine
5 Caffeic acid Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Alpha linoleic acid
6 Chlorophyll Canavanine Cis-aconitic acid Alpha-tocopherol
7 Daidzein Carpaine Ellagic acid Arachidonic acid
8 Elemene Chlorogenic acid Ferulic acid Ascorbic acid
9 Gallic acid Chlorogenic acid Fiber Beta sitosterol
10 Gamma tocopherol Citric acid Luteolin Beta-carotene
11 Gossypol Coumarine Mucilage Biochannin a
12 Inositol- Cysteine Oleic acid Caffeic acid
hexaphosphate
13 Isoquercitrin Delta-tocopherol Phloroglucinol Chlorogenic acid
14 Kaempferol Dioscin Quercetin Chlorophyll
15 Lectin Ellagic acid Riboflavin Chrysoeriol
16 Lignin Ergosterol Cinnamaldehyde
17 Limonene Erucic-acid Coumarine
18 Naringenin Eugenol Cysteine
19 Phytic acid Ferulic acid Daidzein
20 Rutin Fiber Daidzin
21 Tannin Fumaric acid Delphinidin
22 Vanillic acid Gallic acid Ellagic acid

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23 Vicenin 2 Gamma tocopherol Esculetin

24 Geraniol Ferulic acid
25 Gossypol Fiber
26 Hydroquinone Formononetin
27 Isoliquiritigenin Gallic acid
28 Isoquercitrin Genisteine
29 Kaempferol Geraniol
30 Lignin Glutathione
31 Limonene Glycine
32 Lupeol Glycitein
33 Luteolin Indole - 3 acetic acid
34 Malic acid Isochlorogenic acid
35 Naringenin Isoliquiritigenin
36 P-Coumaric acid Isoquercitrin
37 Phytic acid Isorhamnetin
38 Quercetin Isovitexin
39 Quercitrin Kaempferol
40 Rutin Limonene
41 Salicyclic acid Linoleic acid
42 Selenium Luteolin
43 Senecionine Methionine
44 Seneciphylline Methyl salicylate
45 Squalene Mucilage
46 Tannin Mufa
47 Tigogenin Myricetin
48 Tocopherol Myristic acid
49 Vanillic acid Naringenin
50 Niacin
51 Nicotinamide
52 Oleic acid
53 Orientin
54 P cresol
55 P hydroxyl benzoic acid
56 Pantothenic acid
57 P-Coumaric acid
58 Pectin
59 Pelargonidin
60 Phenol
61 Phloroglucinol
62 Phytic acid
63 Quercetin
64 Quercitrin
65 Riboflavin
66 Rutin
67 Safrole
68 Salicyclic acid
69 Selenium
70 Serine
71 Sinapic acid
72 Squalene
73 Stigmasterol
74 Tannin
75 Tocopherol
76 Tyrosine
77 Vanillic acid
78 Vitexin
79 Vitexin – 2 O rhamnoside
Total 23 49 15 79

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1. Acacia nilotica L: and cancer preventive activities or antitumor

Acacia nilotica is a large tree which is commonly anticarcinogenic and cancer preventive activities.
called as Babul. In this plant, totally 19 cancer Similarly, 3 phytochemical compounds possess two
treatment bioactive compounds were identified in activities such as cancer preventive and antitumor
different parts (Table 3). Among them, 5 (26.32%) activities and Lignin have anticancer and antitumor
phytochemical compounds possessed anticancer activities (Table 2 and Fig. 1). The anticancer
activity, 13 (68.42%) phytochemical compounds activity of this plant was studied by using various
possess antitumor activity, 10 (52.63%) models by several authors. Gamma-sitosterol of A.
phytochemical compound possess anticarcinogenic nilotica exhibited potential anticancer activity
activity and 14 (73.68%) compounds possess through the growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and
cancer preventive activity. the apoptosis on MCF-7 and A549 cells 5. The
aerial parts of methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica
Besides, 5 phytochemical compounds possess 3 have anticancer activity against Dalton’s ascetic
combined activities such as anticancer, antitumor lymphoma induced solid and ascetic tumor model 6.
TABLE 2: PHYTORESOURCES HAVING ANTICANCER, ANTITUMOR ANTICARCINOGENIC, AND CANCER
PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES
S. No Plant Species Anticancer activity Antitumor activity Anticarcinogenic Cancer preventive Total
Name activity activity
No of % No of % No of % No of %
Compou Compou Compou Compou
nds nds nds nds
1 Acacia nilotica 5 26.32 13 68.42 10 52.63 14 73.68 19
2 Arachis 8 21.62 15 40.54 3 8.11 35 94.59 37
hypogaea
3 Cajanus cajan 1 5.26 4 21.05 - - 17 89.47 19
4 Crotalaria - - 3 60 - - 3 60 5
juncea
5 Glycine max 16 25.39 33 52.38 4 6.35 49 77.78 63
6 Mimosa pudica 2 25 3 37.5 - - 8 100 8
7 Pisum sativum 5 11.36 17 38.64 2 4.54 39 88.63 44
8 Psoralea 1 12.5 1 12.5 - - 7 87.5 8
esculenta
9 Tamarindus 4 14.81 7 25.93 - - 24 88.89 27
indica
10 Trifolium 4 15.38 10 38.46 2 7.69 25 96.15 26
pratense
11 Trigonella 6 20.69 13 44.83 1 3.45 23 79.31 29
foenum
graecum
12 Vigna 1 20 1 20 - - 4 80 5
subterranea

2. Arachis hypogaea L: possessed antitumor anticarcinogenic and cancer

Arachis hypogaea is commonly known as ground preventive activities (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Alike,
nut. It is an annual herbaceous plant. It has totally some other 5 phytochemical compounds possess
37 phytochemical compounds in different parts antitumor and cancer preventive activities.
such as leaf and seed (Table 3). Among them, 8 Resveratrol isolated from A. hypogaea exhibited
(21.62%) phytochemical compounds possess anticancer activity against mouse xenograft models
anticancer activity, 15 (40.54%) compounds of human neuroblastoma and human colorectal
possess antitumor activity, 3 (8.11%) compounds cancer cells 7.
possess anticarcinogenic activity and 35 (94.59%)
compounds possess cancer preventive activity. 3. Cajanus cajan L:
Besides, 5 compounds were identified to possess 3 Cajanus cajan is commonly called Pigeon pea. It is
activities such as anticancer, antitumor and cancer a perennial shrub. There were 19 phytochemical
preventive activities in each of 5 compounds. compounds reported to have the ability of cancer
Compounds like Chlorogenic acid and Ferulic acid treatment (Table 3). They found in leaf, fruit and

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seed of this plant. Among them, 89.47% (17) of breast cancer cell line 11. ITME (2011) reported
compounds were reported that they possess cancer that isolated 6 -glycosylflavone from Mimosa
preventive activity. Four (21.05%) of them were pudica possesses antitumor and antiproliferation
reported as antitumor agents (Table 2 and Fig. 1). activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line 12. The
Apart from, Beta carotene is a single compound pure compound L-Mimosine and hydroalcoholic
that possesses 3 activities such as anticancer, extract of Mimosa pudica has antiproliferation
antitumor and cancer preventive activities. Root of activity on Lymphoma Daudi cells 13. The
Cajanus cajan plant arrested the cell cycle in the methanolic extract of M. pudica aerial part had
G2/m phase and induced apoptosis via a relative cytotoxic activity 14.
oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondria-
dependent pathway 8.
7. Pisum sativum L:
4. Crotalaria juncea L: Pisum sativum is commonly called as Pea. It is an
Crotalaria juncea is commonly called as Sun herbaceous plant. Root, fruit and seed of P. sativum
hemp. It is an herb. It has 5 cancer treatment has 44 phytochemical compounds with cancer
compounds (Table 3). It includes 3 antitumour and treatment properties (Table 3). Among them, 39
2 cancer preventive chemical compounds (Table 2 compounds, 17 compounds, 5 compounds, and 2
and Fig.1). Leaf extracts of C. juncea exhibited compounds were reported as cancer preventive,
anticancer activity on human cervical cancer cell antitumour, anticancer and anticarcinogenic agents
line. It might be due to the presence of the (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Methanolic extract of P.
bioactive compounds 9. sativum showed anticancer activity against CaSki
cells with IC50 value of 14.8 15. Asperagenase
5. Glycine max L: enzyme isolated from P. sativum has a cytotoxic
Glycine max is commonly called Soyabean. It is a effect against L20B Tumor cell line 16.
bushy herbaceous plant. Among the 12 plant
species under study, G. max plant possesses 63 8. Psoralea esculenta L:
cancer treatment compounds (Table 3). Psoralea esculenta is commonly called Indian
Interestingly, 49 compounds were reported as turnip. It is an herbaceous perennial plant. It has 8
cancer preventive agents. Similarly, 33, 16 and 4 phytochemical compounds with cancer treatment
compounds were used as antitumour, anticancer properties (Table 3). Beta carotene possesses
and anticarcinogenic drugs respectively. Some anticancer activity and other 7 compounds of this
bioactive compounds found in this plant exhibited plant possess cancer preventive activity. Although,
two or more activities (Table 2 and Fig.1). For this plant bears bioactive phytochemicals with
example, Caffeic acid possesses 4 activities viz., anticancer, antitumor anticarcinogenic and cancer
anticancer, antitumor anticarcinogenic and cancer preventive activities compounds, there was no
preventive activities. Bioactive compound scientific reports available regarding its cancer
aglycones isolated from ethylacetate extract of treatment property.
fermented G. max have antiproliferation activity
against osteoblast cell line 10. 9. Tamarindus indica L:
Tamarindus indica is commonly called Tamarind.
6. Mimosa pudica L: It is a leguminous tree. It contains 27
Mimosa pudica is a pantropical weed which is phytochemical compounds in different parts like
commonly called as sensitive plant. It is a creeping leaf, fruit, flower, and seed (Table 3). Among
annual or perennial herb. It contains eight them, 4 (14.81%) phytochemical compounds
phytochemical compounds with cancer treatment possess anticancer activity, 7 (25.93%)
property. All these compounds possess cancer phytochemical compounds possess antitumor
preventive activities. Among them, 3 were activity, and 24 (88.89%) phytochemical
antitumour and 2 were anticancer agents (Table 2 compounds possess cancer preventive activity
& 3 and Fig.1). Flavanoids isolated from M. pudica (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Limonene and tannin have
has the high cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 human anticancer, antitumor and cancer preventive

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activities, geraniol possesses antitumor and cancer herb. It has 26 phytochemical compounds with
preventive activities. PST001 isolated from the T. cancer treatment properties and they were found in
indica could suppress DLA and EAC cell growth different parts like leaf, seed, flower, inflorescence,
and reduce the cell survival by reducing apoptosis shoot, and stem (Table 3). Twenty five compounds
of tumor cells 17. Polyphenolic compounds (2- of this plant possess cancer preventive activity and
hydroxy-dihydroxyaceophenone, (-) epicatechin, 10 possess antitumor activities (Table 2 and Fig.
tannin, anthocyanidine and oligomeric 1). Alpha tocopherol and beta carotene of this plant
proanthocyanidins) isolated from T. indica seeds have anticancer, antitumor and cancer preventive
have cancer related signal pathway blockage effect activities. Chlorogenic acid possess antitumor
18
. anticarcinogenic and cancer preventive activities.
Biochannin-a isolated from T. pratense inhibited
10. Trifolium pratense L: carcinogen activity in hamster embryo cell culture
19
Trifolium pratense is commonly called Red Clover .
or Cow Grass. It is a perennial sometimes biennial

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ACA: Anticancer Activity; ATA: Antitumor Activity; ACAR A: Anticarcinogenic Activity; CPA: Cancer Preventive Activity
FIG. 1: PHYTORESOURCES HAVING ANTICANCER, ANTITUMOR ANTICARCINOGENIC, AND CANCER PREVENTIVE
ACTIVITIES

TABLE 3: PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CANCER TREATMENT PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN 12 PLANT SPECIES

OF FAMILY FABACEAE
S. No Plant Species name Total No of Compounds Percentage (%)
1 A. nilotica 19 17.92
2 Arachis hypogaea 37 34.90
3 Cajanus cajan 19 17.92
4 Crotalaria juncea 5 4.72
5 Glycine max 63 59.43
6 Mimosa pudica 8 7.55
7 Pisum sativum 44 41.51
8 Psoralea esculenta 8 7.55
9 Tamarindus indica 27 25.47
10 Trifolium pratense 26 24.52
11 Trigonella foenum graecum 29 27.35
12 Vigna subterranea 5 4.72

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11. Trigonella foenum-graecum L: They are cultivated by the farmers and some them
Trigonella foenum-graecum is commonly called naturally grow. All of them are available in the
Fenugreek. It is an annual herb. It contains 29 Indian vegetative environment. Well documented
bioactive compounds with cancer treatment the presence of anticancer activities of these plants
properties (Table 3). Six compounds of this plant was supported by various experimental models,
possess anticancer activity, 13 possess antitumor namely cell cultures and animal models of induced
activity and 23 phytochemical compounds of it carcinogenicity. These molecules are largely cited
possess cancer preventive activities. Lignin in the current literatures and their activities are
possesses 3 activities such as antitumor often associated with the term chemoprevention.
anticarcinogenic and cancer preventive activities. The results of the present study may provide a
Fenugreek (T. foenum graecum) extracts exhibited foundation for designing new drug to ascertain the
cytotoxic effect on many type of cancers 20. full chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic
efficacy of phytochemicals.
12. Vigna subterranea L.:
Vigna subterranea commonly called Ground Bean. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors thank the
It is an annual, creeping lugume with glabrous, Management, the Principal and Head of the
trifoliate leaves. It has 5 phytochemical compounds Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College,
with anticancer activities (Table 3). V. Puthanampatti, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu,
subterranean showed preventive effect on lung India for providing necessary facilities to do this
cancer and liver cancer induced by morphine and research work successfully. The third author thank
sodium nitrite 21. Several animal studies of to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi,
chemical induced carcinogenesis demonstrated that for awarding Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship
phytochemicals are able to inhibit cancer (RGNF-JRF) for financial support.
development (pre-initiation) and also able to cure
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How to cite this article:

Velusamy B, Kaliyaperumal S and Raju A: Collection and Data-Mining of Bioactive Compounds with Cancer Treatment Properties in the
Plants of Fabaceae Family. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7(5): 2065-73.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(5).2065-73.

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