Giving CREDENCE To The SGLT2 Inhibitors
Giving CREDENCE To The SGLT2 Inhibitors
Giving CREDENCE To The SGLT2 Inhibitors
n g C R E
Givi L 2 i s t o r y
g e r S G T
the big beti c
diane p h r o p a thy
Benefits in
and beyond
A look at…
1798 -
John Rollo
1776 - Matthew Dobson 1869 - Paul Langerhans, 1889 Minkowski and von
evaporates diabetic urine while a medical student in Mering (University of
and finds substance like Berlin, describes islands Strasbourg) find that
brown sugar in appearance of cells in the pancreas. removing the pancreas
and taste. Also finds a These were later found to from dogs results in
sweetish taste of sugar in be the source of insulin, diabetes.
the blood of diabetics. and were called the
Observes that diabetes is "islets of Langerhans."
fatal in < 5 weeks in some,
and is a chronic condition in
others
History of Diabetes
DeFronzo RA (2009)
20
Schwartz SS et al (2016) The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes:
Rationale and Implications of the β-Cell–Centric Classification Schema. Diabetes Care 39:179–186
Pathogenesis
‘Classical’ natural history of diabetic nephropathy
ESR
Pre DN Early DN Overt DN
F
Glomerular
hyperfiltration GFR 100 ml/min Nephrotic range proteinuria
GFR
0 5 15 25 years
Longitudinal study since 1965
Age related decline in kidney
function
Natural rate of decline in kidney function in DKD
‘Alternative’ natural history of diabetic nephropathy
ESR
F
GFR
0 5 15 25 years
Detection of DKD in T2 DM
Number of People Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy
Is Projected to Double
Worl Regio
8. 3.
0 d 0 n
7.
0
Number of RRT
Number of RRT
6. Asia
0 (0.97→2.16)
(×million)
(×million)
5.4 2.
5.
4 0
0 4.5
4. 3
3.7 North
0 8 America
3. 3.1 Latin
(0.64
0 2.6 3
1.
America
→1.26)
2. 2 0 Europe
(0.37
0 (0.53
→0.90)
1. Africa
→0.83)
0 (0.08
0 0 Oceania
→0.24)
(0.03→0.05)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30
Ye Ye
ar ar
60,000
Diabetes
50,000 Hypertension
Number of patients
Glomerulonephritis
40,000
Cystic kidney
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1980 1985 1990 1995
199 2000 2005 2010
5
United States Renal Data System (USRDS). USRDS Annual Report, Chapter 1.
https://www.usrds.org/2012/pdf/v2_ch1_12.pdf.
Accessed March 15, 2019.
Die or dialyse in DKD?
Wom Me
10
0
en 10
0
n
9 9
0 0
8 8
Survival probability
Survival probability
0 0
7 7
0 0 Breast/Prostate
6 6 Cancer
0 0 Colorectal
5 5
Cancer
0 0
4 4 Dialysis
0 0
(%)
(%)
3 3 Lung Cancer
0 0
2 2
Pancreatic Cancer
0 0
1 1
0 0
0 0
1997-20 2002-20 2007-20 1997-20 2002-20 2007-20
01 06 11 01 06 11
Er Er
a a
Unadjusted 10-year survival for all-cause mortality in Canada
N = 33,500 incident maintenance dialysis patients; 532,452 incident
cancer patients
Naylor KL, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019. Epub ahead of print.
doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.011.
Dialysis patients in Mauritius
How many CKD patients in Mauritius?
Global, regional, and national burden of CKD 1990–2017
Global, regional, and national burden of CKD 1990–2017
Incidence rate
of treated
ESRD (per
million
population), by
country, 2016
Mauritius 1250pmp
Mauritius?
De Koninck LG (1835) Über das Phloridzin (Phlorrhizin) Annalen der Pharmacie. Heidelberg 15(1):75–77
47
3867 T2DM
3 years FU
1441 T1DM
1998
Intensive vs standard glycemic control
UKPDS
6.5 years FU 18 years FU
Intensive glycemic control versus Renoprotective efficacy of intensive
standard control (HbA1c 7.3 versus glycemic control persisted and resulted
9.1%) reduced incident micro- and in 45% risk reduction of
macro-albuminuria by 39 and 54%. micro-albuminuria at 18 years
409 T1DM
Captopril v placebo
199 T2DM
2001 2002
Candesartan/lisinopril combo versus
IDNT MARVAL candesartan versus lisinopril
12 weeks FU
6 months FU
227 T2DM
2185 T2DM
11392 T2DM
Bardoxolone methyl vs placebo
Bardoxolone methyl versus
Avosentan versus placebo
placebo
52 weeks FU
Terminated at 4 months
Terminated at 9 months
Bardoxolone methyl at 25, 75
Avosentan reduced proteinuria
2012 and 150 mg resulted in a
Bardoxolone methyl led to a
significant increase in
compared with placebo, but, VITAL higher GFR compared with
cardiovascular morbidity (HR
had excess adverse placebo at 52 weeks.
1.83)
cardiovascular events
1281 T2DM
2010 2011 2013
RAS inhibition plus paricalcitol
ASCEND versus placebo BEAM BEACON
24 weeks
2013 2019
2015 2017
CANTATA DECLARE-TIM
EMPA-REG CANVAS
SU I
1450 T2DM
2017 CANVAS
65
2017 CANVAS
66
2017 CANVAS
67
2017 CANVAS
68
2017 CANVAS
69
70
71
NephJC
DECLARE-TIMI
BP lowering vs Hba1c lowering in CKD with SGLT2 i
Kidney International,
Volume 93, Issue 1, 231 - 244
Effect on loss of KF, ESKD or renal death
SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neuen, Brendon L et al. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 7, Issue 11, 845 - 854
SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neuen, Brendon L et al. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 7, Issue 11, 845 - 854
2019 CREDENCE
2019 CREDENCE
2019 CREDENCE
2019 CREDENCE
2019 CREDENCE
2019 CREDENCE
High risk population in CREDENCE
Renal
Renal Safety safety of canagliflozin
Number of participants
with an event, n
Favors Favors
Canagliflozin Placebo
Whether the increased risk of lower limb amputation in the CANVAS Program was due to differing trial populations
IRD, incidence rate difference.
1. or protocols, or to chance remains unclear
Neal B, et al. N Engl J Med.
2017;377(7):644-657.
Rate of decline in kidney function by BP from clinical trials
↓Energy Rq
↓Hypoxia ↑ Hct
SGLT2 Inhibitors as a diuretic
The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis
Barry Brenner father of hyperfiltration
The start of the Barker hypothesis
Cumulative risk for ESRD in men and women, by age and birth weight.
Norway, births 1967 to 2004, ESRD 1980 to 2005
DELIVER SCORED
Dapagliflozin Sotagliflozin
Cardiovascular Cardiovascular
‘ Dapa HF
NephJC
EPA-KIDNEY enrolled a broad CKD population
More SGLT2i pleiotropy
A Randomized Trial of Empagliflozin to Increase Plasma Sodium Levels in Patients with the
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
Beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on fatty liver in type 2 diabetes: A common comorbidity
associated with severe complications
Who owns the SGLT2 inhibitors?
How to lower the rate of decline further?
.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Thank You!
renal.mu
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