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    M1. (A) Work Done/energy Change (Against The Field) Per Unit Mass

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    The document describes the motion of satellites orbiting Earth. It discusses how geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 36,000 km above Earth's equator, maintaining a fixed position relative to Earth's surface. The period of orbit equals Earth's 24-hour rotation period. Communication satellites in geostationary orbit allow for continuous communication between transmitters and receivers.

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    M1. (A) Work Done/energy Change (Against The Field) Per Unit Mass

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    n.
    46 views5 pages
    The document describes the motion of satellites orbiting Earth. It discusses how geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 36,000 km above Earth's equator, maintaining a fixed position relative to Earth's surface. The period of orbit equals Earth's 24-hour rotation period. Communication satellites in geostationary orbit allow for continuous communication between transmitters and receivers.

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    Gravitational Fields MS

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    The document describes the motion of satellites orbiting Earth. It discusses how geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 36,000 km above Earth's equator, maintaining a fixed position relative to Earth's surface. The period of orbit equals Earth's 24-hour rotation period. Communication satellites in geostationary orbit allow for continuous communication between transmitters and receivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views5 pages

    M1. (A) Work Done/energy Change (Against The Field) Per Unit Mass

    Uploaded by

    n.
    The document describes the motion of satellites orbiting Earth. It discusses how geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 36,000 km above Earth's equator, maintaining a fixed position relative to Earth's surface. The period of orbit equals Earth's 24-hour rotation period. Communication satellites in geostationary orbit allow for continuous communication between transmitters and receivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

    com 8

    M1. (a) work done/energy change (against the field) per unit mass (1)
    when moved from infinity to the point (1)
    2

    (b) VE = – and VM = – (1)

    VM = – G × × = VE (1)

    = 4.57 × 10–2 × (–63) = –2.9 MJ kg–1 (1) (2.88 MJ kg–1)


    3

    (c)

    limiting values (–63,–VM) on correctly curving line (1)


    rises to value close to but below zero (1)
    falls to Moon (1)
    from point much closer to M than E (1)
    max 3
    [8]

    M2. (a) force of attraction between two point masses (or particles) (1)

    proportional to product of masses (1)

    inversely proportional to square of distance between them (1)

    [alternatively

    quoting an equation, F = with all terms defined (1)

    reference to point masses (or particles) or r is distance between


    centres (1)

    F identified as an attractive force (1)]


    max 2
    PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 9

    (b) (i) mass of larger sphere M L (= πr3ρ) = π × (0.100)3 × 11.3 × 103 (1)
    = 47(.3) (kg) (1)

    [alternatively

    use of M ∝ r3 gives (1) (= 64)

    and M L = 64 × 0.74 = 47(.4) (kg) (1)]


    2

    (ii) gravitational force F (1)

    = 1.5 × 10−7 (N) (1)


    2

    (c) for the spheres, mass ∝ volume (or ∝ r3, or M = πr3ρ) (1)

    mass of either sphere would be 8 × greater (378 kg, 5.91 kg) (1)

    this would make the force 64 × greater (1)

    but separation would be doubled causing force to be 4 × smaller (1)

    net effect would be to make the force (64/4) = 16 × greater (1)


    (ie 2.38 × 10−6 N)
    max 4
    [10]

    M3. (a) orbits (westwards) over Equator (1)

    maintains a fixed position relative to surface of Earth (1)

    period is 24 hrs (1 day) or same as for Earth’s rotation (1)

    offers uninterrupted communication between transmitter and receiver (1)

    steerable dish not necessary (1)


    Max 3
    PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 10

    (b) (i) (1)

    use of (1)

    (ii) gives , hence result (1)

    (iii) limiting case is orbit at zero height i.e. h = 0 (1)

    (1)

    T = 5090 s (1) (= 85 min)


    6

    (c) speed increases (1)

    loses potential energy but gains kinetic energy (1)

    [or because ν2 from ]

    [or because satellite must travel faster to stop it falling


    inwards when gravitational force increases]
    2
    [11]

    M4. (a) period is 24 hours (or equal to period of Earth’s rotation) (1)

    remains in fixed position relative to surface of Earth (1)

    equatorial orbit (1)

    same angular speed as Earth (or equatorial surface) (1)


    max 2

    (b) (i) = mω2 r (1)

    T= (1)

    (1)

    (gives r = 42.3 × 103 km)


    PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 11

    (ii) ΔV = (1)

    = 6.67 × 10–11 × 6 × 1024 ×

    = 5.31 × 107 (J kg–1) (1)

    ΔEP = mΔV (= 750 × 5.31 × 107) = 3.98 ×1010 J (1)

    (allow ecf for value of ΔV)


    6

    (c) (i) signal would be too weak at large distance (1)

    (or large aerial needed to detect/transmit signal, or any other


    acceptable reason)

    the signal spreads out more the further it travels (1)

    (ii) for road pricing would reduce congestion

    stolen vehicles can be tracked and recovered

    uninsured/unlicensed vehicles can be apprehended

    against road pricing would increase cost of motoring

    possibility of state surveillance/invasion of privacy

    (1)(1) any 2 valid points (must be for both for or against)


    4
    [12]

    M5. (a) (i) h (= ct) (= 3.0 × 108 × 68 × 10–3) = 2.0(4) × 107 m (1)

    (ii) g = (–) (1)


    r (= 6.4 × 106 + 2.04 × 107) = 2.68 × 107 (m) (1)
    (allow C.E. for value of h from (i) for first two marks, but not 3rd)

    g= (1) (= 0.56 N kg–1)


    4
    PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 12

    (b) (i) g= (1)

    v = [0.56 × (2.68 × 107)]½ (1)

    = 3.9 × 103m s –1 (1) (3.87 × 103 m s –1)

    (allow C.E. for value of r from a(ii)

    [or v2 = = (1)

    v= (1)

    = 3.9 × 103 m s –1 (1)]

    (ii) = (1)

    = 4.3(5) × 104s (1) (12.(1) hours)


    (use of v = 3.9 × 10 gives T = 4.3(1) × 104 s = 12.0 hours)
    3

    (allow C.E. for value of v from (I)

    [alternative for (b):

    (i) (1)

    = 3.8(6) × 103 m s –1 (1)]

    (allow C.E. for value of r from (a)(ii) and value of T)

    (ii) (1)

    = (1.90 × 109 (s 2) (1)

    T = 4.3(6) × 104 s (1)


    5
    [9]

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