UAS Theory of Translation C

NAME : Desak Ayu Gde Parthama Arini
NPM : 1941123001
1. Sebutkan dan jelaskan strategi penerjemahan yang dipaparkan oleh Mona Baker (1992)
2. Jelaskan istilah di bawah ini
a. Foreignisasi
b. Domestikasi
3. BSu: the cloud is so brightly and it seems AS WHITE AS SNOW
BSa : awan begitu cerah dan SEPUTIH KAPAS
Analisis terjemahan di atas berdasarkan strategi penerjemahan Mona Baker (1992)
4. Sebutkan contoh foreignisasi dan domestikasi dalam penerjemahan.
Jawaban
1. According to mona baker (1992:25) Strategies used by professional translators.
a. Translation by a more general word (superordinate)
This is one of the commonest strategies for dealing with many types of
nonequivalence, particularly in the area of propositional meaning. It works
equally well in most, if not all, languages, since the hierarchical structure of
semantic fields is not language-specific
b. Translation by a more neutral/less expressive word.
Source text:
( Morgan Matroc – ceramics company brochure):
Today people are aware that modern ceramic materials offer unrivalled properties
for many of our most demanding industrial applications. So is this brochure
necessary; isn’t the ceramic market already over bombarded with technical
literature; why should Matroc add more? Because someone mumbles,‘Our
competitors do it.’ But why should we imitate our competitors when Matroc
probably supplies a greater range of ceramic materials for more applications than
any other manufacturer.
Target text:
(Italian): Qualcuno suggerisce : ‘i nostri concorrenti lo fanno.’
Someone suggests : ‘Our competitors do it.’
There is a noticeable difference in the expressive meaning of mumble and its
nearest Italian equivalent, mugugnare. The English verb mumble suggests
confusion, disorientation or embarrassment. The Italian near equivalent,
mugugnare, in contrast, tends to suggest dissatisfaction rather than embarrassment
or confusion. Possibly to avoid conveying the wrong expressive meaning, the
Italian translator opted for a more general word, suggerisce (‘suggest’).
c. Translation by cultural substitution
This strategy involves replacing a culture-specific item or expression with a
target-language item which does not have the same propositional meaning but is
likely to have a similar impact on the target reader, for instance by evoking a
similar context in the target culture. The main advantage of using this strategy is
that it gives the reader a concept with which he or she can identify, something
familiar and appealing. On an individual level, the translator’s decision to use this
strategy will largely depend on (a) how much licence is given to him or her by
those who commission the translation; (b) the purpose of the translation; and (c)
the translator’s own judgement of the desirability or otherwise of obscuring the
cultural specificity of the source text. On a more general level, the decision will
also reflect, to some extent, the norms of translation prevailing in a given
community. Tolerance of strategies that involve significant departure from the
propositional meaning of the text varies considerably across different
communities and temporal locations.
d. Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation
This strategy is particularly common in dealing with culture-specific items,
modern concepts and buzzwords. Following the loan word with an explanation is
very useful when the word in question is repeated several times in the text. Once
explained, the loan word can then be used on its own; the reader can understand it
and is not distracted by further lengthy explanations.
e. Translation by paraphrase using a related word
This strategy tends to be used when the concept expressed by the source item is
lexicalized in the target language but in a different form and when the frequency
with which a certain form is used in the source text is significantly higher than
would be natural in the target language.
f. Translation by paraphrase using unrelated words
If the concept expressed by the source item is not lexicalized at all in the target
language, the paraphrase strategy can still be used in some contexts. Instead of a
related word, the paraphrase may be based on modifying a superordinate or
simply on unpacking the meaning of the source item, particularly if the item in
question is semantically complex.
g. Translation by omission
This strategy may sound rather drastic, but in fact, it does no harm to omit
translating a word or expression in some contexts. If the meaning conveyed by a
particular item or expression is not vital enough to the development of the text to
justify distracting the reader with lengthy explanations, translators can and often
do simply omit translating the word or expression in question.
h. Translation by illustration
This is a useful option if the word which lacks an equivalent in the target
language refers to a physical entity that can be illustrated, particularly if there are
restrictions on space and if the text has to remain short, concise and to the point.
2. Jelaskan istilah di bawah ini

a. Foreignisasi Menurut Hoed (2006:87) menyebutkan bahwa ideologi foreignisasi
adalah penerjemahan yang betul, berterima, dan baik adalah sesuai dengan selera
dan harapan pembaca dengan menghadirkan budaya Bsu dan kehadiran Bsu
memberikan manfaat untuk pembaca target. Fenomena dan budaya asing
dipertahankan untuk memberikan pengetahuan melalui foreignisasi. Foreignisasi
juga digunakan untuk mempertahankan referensi budaya teks sumber, nilai – nilai
budaya, dan sebagai pembelajaran lintas budaya. Ideologi ini bertolak belakang
dengan domestikasi yang berusaha tidak menghadirkan sesuatu yang asing kepada
pembaca target. Berdasarkan Newmark (1988:45), metode yang dipilih sebagai
ciri foreignisasi yaitu penerjemahan kata per kata, penerjemahan harfiah,
penerjemahan terpercaya, dan penerjemahan semantik.
b. Domestikasi Penerjemahan harus mengutamakan kebutuhan pembaca karena
bertolak dari definisi penerjemahan bahwa untuk menemukan padanan sedekat
mungkin. Menurut Nida dan Taber (1974) menyatakan bahwa penerjemahan
sebaiknya mengutamakan keterbacaan teks untuk pembaca target. Penerjemahan
yang dapat memenuhi selera dan harapan pembaca dianggap sebagai
penerjemahan yang betul, berterima, dan baik sesuai dengan latar belakag budaya
masyarakat sasaran dinamakan ideologi domestikasi (Hoed, 2006: 88). Terkait
Newmark (1988:45), ideologi ini dapat diukur dari metode penerjemahan yang
dipilih yaitu metode yang berorientasi pada bahasa sasaran seperti penerjemahan
adaptasi, penerjemahan bebas, penerjemahan idiomatik, dan penerjemahan
komunikatif. Ideologi domestikasi meliputi metode penerjemahan adaptasi,
penerjemahan bebas, penerjamahan idiomatik, dan penerjemahan komunikatif.
Disamping itu, ideology domestikasi menggunakan kata–kata atau istilah yang
diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa sasaran.
3. analisis terjemahan berdasarkan strategy penerjemahan mona baker (1992)
a. BSu: the cloud is so brightly and it seems AS WHITE AS SNOW
b. BSa : awan begitu cerah dan SEPUTIH KAPAS
According to Mona Baker (1992:32) the SL to TL use Translation by
cultural substitution strategy. This strategy involves replacing a culture-specific
item or expression with a target-language item which does not have the same
propositional meaning but is likely to have a similar impact on the target reader,
for instance by evoking a similar context in the target culture. The main advantage
of using this strategy is that it gives the reader a concept with which he or she can
identify, something familiar and appealing. On an individual level, the translator’s
decision to use this strategy will largely depend on (a) how much license is given
to him or her by those who commission the translation; (b) the purpose of the
translation; and (c) the translator’s own judgement of the desirability or otherwise
of obscuring the cultural specificity of the source text. On a more general level,
the decision will also reflect, to some extent, the norms of translation prevailing in
a given community. Tolerance of strategies that involve significant departure
from the propositional meaning of the text varies considerably across different
communities and temporal locations. In source language, as white as snow is a
culture weather and people in western country normal find the white snow to
express something white. But as white as snow has no equivalent in target
language. So Indonesian replaced it with ‘seputih kapas’, which does not have the
same meaning. (for one thing, as white as snow is western culture to say
something white just like snow , whereas ‘seputih kapas ’ is Indonesian culture to
said something white just like kapas (cotton). therefore they provide a good
cultural substitute.
4. Foreignisasi dan domestikasi
a. Foreignisasi dalam penerjemahan dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan
referensi budaya teks bahasa sumber. Dengan tetap melibatkan aspek budaya
yang ada dalam teks bahasa sumber, pembaca akan mengalami eksotisme teks asli
dan mendapatkan sesuatu yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui. Dengan kata lain,
pembelajaran lintas budaya bisa dilakukan. Lebih lanjut dikatakan, meskipun
penerjemah memutuskan untuk melakukan foreignisasi, harus tetap diingat bahwa
penerjemahan, apapun bentuknya, selalu berkaitan dengan keberterimaan dan
keterbacaan. Pembaca dalam level apapun tidak akan senang atau nyaman jika
membaca teks yang mengandung kalimat yang terasa janggal atau mendapati
kalimat yang terlalu kompleks. Jadi, penerjemah memikul beban yang berat
karena selain dituntut untuk bisa membawakan budaya dalam teks bahasa sumber,
dia juga tidak boleh mempertahankan ‘linguistic discourse’. Newmark,
penerjemah yang menganut ideologi foreignisasi cenderung akan menggunakan
metode yang berorientasi pada teks bahasa sumber. Penerjemah akan
menggunakan metode word-for-word, literal, faithful, atau semantic translation.
Tidak bisa dihindari, jika seorang penerjemah menggunakan metode-metode ini,
bahasa yang dihasilkan dalam terjemahan akan cenderung mempertahankan
bentuk bahasa teks sumber.
b. Domestikasi
Ideology domestikasi yang dipilih oleh penerjemah berlatar belakang
keyakinan bahwa terjemahan yang ‘betul’, ‘berterima’, dan ‘baik’ adalah yang
sesuai dengan selera dan harapan pembaca sasaran yang menginginkan teks
terjemahan harus sesuai dengan kebudayaan masyarakat sasaran (Hoed, 2006).
Jika ini yang dipilih, penerjemah akan mengusahakan terjemahannya tidak terasa
sebagai terjemahan dan menjadi bagian dari tradisi tulis dalam bahasa sasaran.
Newmark, akan tampak pada hasil terjemahan, penerjemah cenderung berpihak
atau berorientasi pada pembaca sasaran. Jadi metode yang digunakan adalah
penerjemahan komunikatif, idiomatik, bebas, atau adaptasi.
Ideologi ini dinilai berlatar belakang masalah ekonomi dan politik
pembentukan selera. Para penerbit yang memiliki modal dan kekuasaan besar
turut berperan dalam penerjemahan karya-karya tulis berbahasa non-Inggris
menjadi bagian dari budaya Anglo-Amerika. Karya-karya tersebut didokumentasi
dan diasimilasi sehingga nilai budaya dalam teks bahasa sumber pudar dan
digantikan dengan nilai budaya bahasa sasaran. Hal ini juga dimaksudkan agar
karya penulis dalam negeri waktu itu tidak tersaingi. Dengan cara ini kebudayaan
asing bisa dicegah. Terlepas dari pendapat di atas, ada baiknya jika kita melihat
pada sisi positif dan negatif dari kecenderungan ini.

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NAME : Desak Ayu Gde Parthama Arini

2. Jelaskan istilah di bawah ini

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