02 - Sample Problems With Solutions - HW2

Homework
Assignment #2: Chapter 2

Introduction to Power Electronics
University of Colorado, Boulder
Prof. Robert Erickson

Analysis and design of a buck-boost converter

A buck-boost converter is illustrated below.

1 2 +
iC(t)
iL(t)
Vg + + C R v(t)
– L vL(t)
–
–

A practical implementation using a MOSFET and diode is illustrated below:

D1
+ vQ1(t) –
iQ1(t) iD(t) +
iL(t) iC(t)
Q1 +
Vg + L vL(t) C R v(t)
– –
–

For this problem, you must employ the methods of inductor volt-second balance,
capacitor charge balance, and the small ripple approximation as discussed in the
lectures, to analyze this converter and find analytical expressions for the output
voltage, inductor current, etc. You are asked to enter expressions for intermediate
steps in your analysis; these expressions must be entered as computer-readable
equations using the exact variable names and reference polarities defined in the
figures above. The dc components of the relevant signals, as well as other quantities,
are defined below:
• Input voltage Vg
• Output voltage V
• Duty cycle D
• Switching period Ts
• Load resistance R
• Inductance L
• Capacitance C
• Inductor current IL
• Inductor voltage VL
• Transistor voltage VQ1
• Transistor current IQ1
• Diode current ID

When entering equations, these variable names are case-sensitive and must be
entered exactly as defined above; for example, D*(Vg-V)/R. The complement of the
duty cycle should be entered as (1-D). When numeric values are requested, a single
numeric value must be entered that is accurate to within plus or minus 0.1% of the
value computed using the methods described in lecture

To work this homework assignment, it is highly recommended that you first sketch
the converter circuit and work the questions with pencil and paper. Then enter your
answers into the fields below. The questions sometimes ask you to sketch
waveforms; this is intended for guidance only, and you are not asked to actually
upload or enter a waveform.

Question 1. Sketch the waveform of the inductor voltage vL(t). Employ the small
ripple approximation to derive an expression for the dc component of the inductor
voltage, as a function of the duty cycle D and the dc capacitor voltage V and source
voltage Vg. Enter your expression below.

Question 2. Sketch the waveform of the capacitor current iC(t). Employ the small
ripple approximation to derive an expression for the dc component of the capacitor
current, as a function of the duty cycle D, the dc inductor current IL, the output
voltage V, and the load resistance R. Enter your expression below.

Question 3. Using your results above, derive an expression for the dc output voltage
V, as a function of the input voltage Vg and the duty cycle D. Enter your expression
below.

Question 4. Using your results above, derive an expression for the dc component of
the inductor current IL, as a function of Vg, R, and D. Enter your result below.

Question 5. Derive an expression for the inductor peak current ripple (denoted
"delta i" in the lectures). Express your result in terms of Vg, D, Ts, and L, and enter
the result below.

Question 6. Derive an expression for the capacitor peak voltage ripple (denoted
"delta v" in the lectures). Express your result in terms of Vg, D, Ts, C, and R, and
enter the result below. Assume that the capacitor is ideal and lossless.

Question 7. For this and the remaining questions, it is desired to design a buck-
boost converter that meets the following specifications:
• Input voltage Vg = 12 V
• Output voltage V = – 5 V
• Load resistance R = 2.5 Ohms
• Switching frequency fs = 1/Ts = 200 kHz
All elements are ideal. Compute the numerical value of the duty cycle D, and enter
its value below. Again, enter this and other numerical values with an accuracy of at
least plus or minus 0.1%.

Question 8. Compute the numerical value of the dc component of the inductor
current, in amperes. Enter your value below.

Question 9. Calculate the value of the inductance L that will make the peak inductor
current ripple ("delta i") equal to fifteen percent of the dc component of inductor
current. Express your result in micro henries, and enter the numerical value below.

Question 10. Compute the value of capacitance C that will cause the output voltage
peak ripple ("delta v") to be equal to 25 mV. Express your result in micro farads, and
enter the numerical value below.

Question 11. For the design with numerical values as specified above, sketch the
waveform of the MOSFET current waveform iQ1(t), including ripple. Find its peak
value in amperes, and enter the numerical value below.

Question 12. For the design with numerical values as specified above, sketch the
waveform of the MOSFET voltage vQ1(t), including ripple. Find its peak value in volts,
and enter the numerical value below.

Question 13. For your MOSFET voltage waveform vQ1(t) of the previous question:
compute the dc component of this waveform, and enter its numerical value below.

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Assignment #2: Chapter 2

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