Atlas Incinerator PDF
Atlas Incinerator PDF
Atlas Incinerator PDF
1. GENERAL SPECIFICATION
1.1 RULE LR, IMO TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
[GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION of ANNEX V OF MAR POL 73/78,
RESOLUTION MEPC 76(40) AND MEPC 93(45).&]
EUROPEAN COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/98 EC ON MARINE EQUIPMENT("MED")
2. TECHNICAL DATA
2.1 TYPE : MAXI1500SL WS
2.2 CALORY CAPACITY : 1,290,000 Kcal/h (1 ,500 Kw)
2.3 SOLID WASTE (2,400 Kcai/Kg) : MAX. 230 Kg/h
2.4 LIQUID WASTE (8,600 Kcai/Kg) : MAX. 150 Kg/h
2.5 RETENTION TIME FOR FLUE GAS :1 SECOND
2.6 TOTAL AIR CONSUMPTION :14,760m 3/hat15 ·c
2.7 FLUE GAS OUTLET FLANGE MIN. DIAMETER : 700A
2.8 FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE : 350 ·c
2.9 FLUE GAS VOLUME : 36,700 m3/h at 350 ·c
2.10 MAX. COUNTER PRESSURE (INCLUDING OUTLET LOSS) :490 Pa (50 mmAq)
3
2.11 COMPRESSED AIR CONSUMTION (W.O BURNER) : MAX. 42 m /h
2.12 COMPRESSED AIR PRESSURE : 7 Kg/Cm 2 ffi
2.13 WORKING STEAM PRESSURE : 6 Kg/Cm 2
ffi
2.14 FUEL OIL : M.D.O. (MAX. 14 CST at 40'C)
2.151NSIDE DIAMETER OF DIESEL OIL PIPE :12 mm
2.16 FEEDING DOOR ACTUAL OPENING :500x500m
2) DEMAND FACTOR :1
3.2 PRIMARY BLOWER (VH)- COOLING SYSTEM IS A HIGH PRESSURE CENTIFIGUAL FAN
3.4 PRIMARY BURNER (ST1) -IS A FULLY AUTOMATIC HIGH PRESSURE OIL BURNER
3.5 SECONDARY BURNER (ST2) -IS A FULLY AUTOMATIC HIGH PRESSURE OIL BURNER
NOTE.:
1. MONITORING (STATED BY x) 2. SYMBOL * CP- 2 FUNCTION. 3. PRIMARY BLOWER RUNNING<: 100'C
SWITCH ON "START" START 100"C 200"C 300t 400t soo·c 600t ?oo·c BOOt 900t 1000t 1100"C
I
I I I
ST2 AIR BLOWER cOo RUNNING
I I I
ST2 AIR BLOWER (COOLING) ., RUNNING
I I On: 850"C
ST1 DIESEL OIL MD2 1111111111
Off: 950"C
I
ST1 FLAME CONTROL On
HYUNDAI-ATLAS
INCINERATOR
Manufactured by : Licensed by :
Hyundai Marine Machinery Co., Ltd. Atlas Incinerator A/S
602-15, GAJWA-DONG SEO-GU, INCHOEN CITY, KOREA. Masnedoevej 73, 4760 Vordingborg, Denmark
TEL : +82-32-583-0671 FAX : +82-32-583-0674 Phone : +45 55 34 66 55 Fax : +45 55 37 66 33
URL : http://www.hmmco.co.kr URL : www.atlasinc.dk
E-mail : [email protected] E-Mail : [email protected]
Update : V6-BIG(PLC)-20100615
Type : MAXI 1200/1500SL WS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS:
1.1 References .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Incinerator ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Diesel oil supply – diesel oil tank ............................................................................................................. 3
1.4 W.O tank, W.O supply and circulation pipe ............................................................................................. 3
1.5 Compressed air ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Flue gas funnel ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.7 Electrical cable connections to control panel .......................................................................................... 4
1.8 Additional information ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.9 Storage instructions for incinerators ........................................................................................................ 5
2. DESCRIPTION:
2.1 The incinerator ......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Primary combustion chamber ................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Secondary combustion chamber ............................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Basic principles ........................................................................................................................................ 6
2.5 Process diagram and description ............................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Main data & Tech. data .......................................................................................................................... 11
6. SPARE PARTS
6.1 Components Incinerator ........................................................................................................................ 43
6.2 Diesel oil burner ................................................................................................................................... 45
6.3 W.O Burner .......................................................................................................................................... 46
6.4 W.O Dosing pump [7M2] ....................................................................................................................... 47
7. ADDITIONAL DRAWINS
7.1 Mill pump .............................................................................................................................................. 48
Update : V6-BIG(PLC)-20100615
1. INSRALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1.1 REFERENCES
For capacity, dimensions and connections we refer to:
a) - Technical data
b) - Data, components
c) - Dimension drawing
d) - Pipe diagram
1.2 INCINERATOR
a) Installation of incinerator: No special tools or instruments required.
The incinerator should be installed and placed according to the rules of the Classification Societies and
to the National Shipping Boards.
When installing the following must be accessible from outside the room in which the incinerator is placed:
a) It must be possible to stop the operation of the incinerator from an external emergency stop
b) Stationary placed fire-fighting equipment must be available for the room in which the incinerator is installed.
- When welding on the incinerator, REMEMBER to DISCONNECT connections to the electrical control
panel as well as the flame control units (RE3).
- DO NOT connect welding electrodes to the electrical control panel.
- As few vibrations as possible.
- Transportation of the solid waste
- Lay-out of the funnel giving minimum of counter pressure
- In case a flue gas fan is to be installed, this has to be installed as far as possible from the flue gas
outlet of the incinerator.
In front of the feeding door a space of app. 1.5 m must be foreseen for feeding of refuse bags. In front of the
feeding door it must be possible to remove the ashes. HMMCO recommends floor plates around the incinerator
rather than grids due to the risk of spillage of refuse and ashes.
Service area is required for handling the door of the control panel, to inspect and maintain the primary and
secondary burner, the W.O pump and the valves. Free space on the top of the incinerator is required for
dismounting the burners. (approx. 700 mm from top of burner)
In the rear, it must be possible to adjust the air nozzles. The free space at the air intake for the main-blower
must not decrease the area for the air intake to the blower.
In order to obtain a proper operation of the Incinerator it is important to have this air-flow available.
The W.O tank for waste oil has to be provided with a mill pump (6M2) for agitation and comminution of the contents
of the tank.
The tank must be designed with a view to securing an effective homogenization; irregular shapes and webs should
be avoided.
b. Level switch for "low level" for stopping of incinerator when the tank is empty.
Level switch for "High level" and "Low level" as alarm function on the main panel of the ship should
also be installed.
c. Mill pump.
- Emergency stop
- Power supply
- Remote alarm
- Thermocouple in funnel (high flue gas temperature)
- Low level/high level switch on W.O tank
- Mill pump, circulation pump and alarm thermostat on W.O tank
- Low level switch on diesel oil tank
- For the data of the control panel, we refer to the el-diagram
El-panel must be stored in airtight packing. Before packing the el-panel must equipped with some bags “Silica gel”
inside in order to absorb possible humidity.
After elapse of storage period, all bolted gaskets must be tightened up.
The Incinerator must only be handled by fork, truck or by the lifting beam, and must not be exposed to mechanical
damages.
The surface must not be heated to above 50oC by solar radiation or other sources.
The Incinerator must not be exposed prolonged by sea water spray or rain and must not be hosed down or
similarly exposed. Care to be taken for storage under roof.
After 12 month storage the lining has to be heated up and dried-up acc. to Incinerators Instructions.
2. DESCRIPTION
The incinerator is designed with a primary combustion chamber for burning W.O oil and solid waste, and a
secondary combustion chamber and an after-burning chamber for burning un-combusted exhaust gases.
The combustion chambers are equipped with diesel oil burners, called primary burner and secondary burner
respectively.
COMPONENTS: 15.
1. Charging Door g. i.
2. Combustion Chamber
3. Afterburning Chamber
4. Second After burning Chamber
5. Oil Burner with Built In Pump
6. Ash Cleaning Door 16. 7.
7. Air blower 9.
8. Induced Draught Air Ejector 8.
9. Damper
10. W.O burner
11. Double Wall for Air Cooling
10. 5.
12. Air Inlet nozzle
13. W.O supply tank 5.
14. Mill pump 19. 1.
h. 2. 3.
15. Compressed Air
16. W.O Dosing Pump 12.
17. Heating Element
18. Diesel Oil tank 4.
19. Sluice 6.
CONNECTION
a. W.O Oil Inlet
11.
b. Steam Inlet
c. Steam Outlet
d. W.O Oil Ventilation Outlet a.
e. Diesel Oil Inlet d. e.
f. Diesel Oil Ventilation Outlet f.
g. Compressed Air Inlet
h. Electric Power Supply
i. Flue gas outlet
j. Drain W.O tank 13. 18.
k. Drain Diesel oil tank
c.
- - - - - - yard pipe connection 17. 14.
b.
The incinerator is designed to incinerate solid waste and all types of combustible non-explosive oil W.O with a flash
point of min. 60°C, without being a nuisance to the surroundings. The incinerator is made as a compact plant of the
multi-chamber design.
- Air blower, supplying air for the induced draught air ejector, cooling air and combustion air.
- W.O burner
- Thermocouples for detecting primary and secondary combustion chamber temperatures and registering
high temperature alarm
- Internal electric-cable, oil, air pipes and valves are factory installed
As a guide to understanding the function of the incinerator, see process diagram and pipe diagram in this
instruction book.
CAPACITY
Capacity based on IMO specification
Calorific capacity : 1,163 kW (1,000,000 kcal/h)
Solid waste : 230 kg/h at. 2,400kcal/kg
Waste oil : 116.3 kg/h at. 8,600 kcal/kg
The consumption of diesel oil depends on the heat value of the solid waste.
Stack diameter to be calculated according to maximum counter pressure
CAPACITY
Capacity based on IMO specification
Calorific capacity : 1500 kW (1,290,000 kcal/h)
Solid waste : 230 kg/h at. 2,400 kcal/kg
Waste oil : 150 kg/h at. 8,600 kcal/kg
The consumption of diesel oil depends on the heat value of the solid waste.
Stack diameter to be calculated according to maximum counter pressure
PREPERATION
Preparation for start of the incinerator
Before start of the incinerator, the following is to be carried out :
OPERATIONS
The incinerator is operated via a control panel and the START/STOP switch.
A green light indicates that the incinerator’s primary blower is in operation.
A red light indicates that there are alarms active on the incinerator.
INDICATING LAMP
MD1 : WASTE OIL BURNING MD2 : SOLID WASTE BURNING MD3 : TEST&MAINTEANCE
RUN : INCINERATOR RUN ABN : EMERGENCY ALARM
The figure center of MMIC diagram indicates operation conditions and running hours for main parts which is in
the process of operating, NNN℃ are currently gas temperature indicates with the 3-combustion position.
BUTTON
LAMP TEST : Lamp test touch button
ALARM RESET : Alarm reset touch button
MILL PP/START : It is a case Start button which operates the MILL PUMP by manual
operation.--- OPTION
It is a case START BUTTON which operates the MILL PUMP by manual operation
SYSTEM SETTING
HMMCO incinerator carried out shop test and all setting values were settled in advance so that no need
resetting.
In case of program reinstalling refer to below instructions.
When click the button on touch panel, all key (BUTTON) are work and touch the figure for input change to the
figure of input so after input data and touch ENTER then input complete.
When incinerator start in the first time, WASTE OIL MODE(MD1) is settled automatically.
For Solid waste burning, must be change to SOLID WASTE MODE(MD2), WASTE OIL MODE(MD1) is for
burning solid waste and waste oil simultaneously.
DATA SETTING
1) HIGH & LOW TEMP,. ALARM LIMIT SETTING
When touch CONTROL TEMP SET BUTTON and display SET01 of FIG S-01 of
1ST & 2ND CHAMBER TEMP : ????? ℃(Indicate the present temperature value)
CHAMBER HIGH TEMP ALARM : 1050 ℃
EXH GAS TEMP : ????? ℃ (Indicate the present temperature value for discharge gas.)
EXH. GAS TEMP HIGH ALARM : 350 ℃
LOW TEMP ALARM SET : 550 ℃ --------- Optional function
LOW TEMP ALARM INTERLOCK SET : 600 ℃ ------- Optional function
After touch DATA TRANSMIT LOCK BUTTON in display, by basis value if pass about 30 seconds after
touch DEFAULT DATA TRANSMIT BUTTON after do in UNLOCK state SETTING do .
And, because TOUCH PANEL CONFIGULRE SET is engineering mode by TOUCH PANEL control
function, operator have special setting necessity.
This display show SYSTEM ALARM, when ALARM SONTROL lamp is on the confirm ARARM then
estimate incinerator operating condition..
Removal the cause of ALARM and touch MAIN CONTROL button to operating incinerator continuously.
Conditions of function, operating indicates FIG OP-1 and each functions for display are show as instruction
manual FIG MT-01 ~ MT-06.
PRIMARY BLOWER & 1ST D.O BURNER WASTE OIL BURNER CONTROL
2ND D.O BURNER & SLUICE CONTROL CP2 CONTROL & I.D FAN (OPTION)
WARNING!
DO NOT put explosive materials, closed containers or aerosols into the combustion chamber.
DO NOT feed or remain solid waste in the combustion chamber before starting incinerator.
3.6 WARNING
Do not activate the main power for the control panel before the cooling of the incinerator is finished and the
incinerator has stopped automatically.
WARNING !
Failure to observe the below instructions can result in substantial damages to burners and thermocouples.
1) Generally, quantity per charge of solid waste (class Ⅱ) :
MAXI 1200 300ℓ
MAXI 1500 600ℓ
The quantity per charge of standard feeding sluice is about 45 L
2) Generally, quantity per charge of oil-containing materials, ie filter cartridges, oily cotton waste, scrapings
from centrifuges, etc,.
MAXI 1200 5ℓ
MAXI 1500 7ℓ
3) Generally, quantity per charge of high-calorific materials with explosion-like combustion, i.e, plastics,
fishing net, etc.
MAXI 1200 5Kg
MAXI 1500 7Kg
4) Do not burn explosive materials such as closed containers or aerosols.
5) Remove ashes when needed and make sure that the air holes for the combustion air are always unblocked.
6) Do not feed the incinerator without min (-)10 mm vacuum in the combustion chamber, check U-tube (UM).
7) Too much draught can disturb a constant flame and prolong the heating-up time.
In case that, must be adjust damper in exhaust gas uptake and re-adjust after reaching working conditions.
8) Power loss during operation might cause overheating and consequently damage the incinerator.
Guarantee claims
All components mounted on the incinerator, including burner and flame tubes, are designed exclusively for the
operating temperature and max. loaded quantities of energy stated in this instruction book.
Refuse consisting of an approx. even mixture of rubbish and garbage by weight. This type of waste is common
to passenger ships occupancy and has a calorific value of approx. 2,400 kcal/kg. (10,000 kJ/kg) as fired.
W.O oil consisting of: 75% W.O oil from heavy fuel oil
5% waste lubricating oil
20% emulsified water
Diesel oil:
The negative pressure has to be controlled by the U-tube with water (UM).
The text “Primary D.O burner flame fail / Secondary D.O burner flame fail” will appear in the control panel
display. The reason may be:
Clean filter on diesel oil pump. Check whether admission hoses of diesel oil pump are tight.
Take out the W.O burner and clean it, - see instruction for W.O burner.
Reset alarm.
Reset alarm and the incinerator will run again. Watch the W.O dosing pump(7M2) before a
possible new alarm sets in.
If the W.O dosing pump (7M2) is running and a flame can be seen through the sight glass:
If the W.O dosing pump (7M2) is running but you keep getting flame failure:
Take out the W.O burner and clean it, - see instruction for W.O burner.
Replace stator.
Clean strainer.
The rubber stator of the W.O dosing pump (7M2) is worn out.
Check connections.
The frequency control of the pump (7M2) has failed or there is no start signal from
the PLC, reset alarm or switch off the main power and turn it on again after 3 min.
The text “Primary chamber temp. low” will appear in the control panel display
The reason may be:
Examine the coil and electric connection. If there are no pressure, there are a failure in the diesel
oil supply.
ALARM OF PRIMARY & SECONDARY COMB. CHAMBER TEMP. HIGH AND SENSOR FAILURE
The text “Primary & Secondary chamber temp. high / Primary & Secondary chamber TC sensor fail” will
appear in the control panel display.
The reason can be:
Reset alarm.
The text “Exhaust gas temp high / Exhaust gas TC sensor fail” will appear in the control panel display
The reason may be:
Check the thermocouple and the connection cable. Replace the thermocouple or try to fasten the
connection cable.
ALARM FOR W.O PANEL INTERLOCK SIGNAL FROM W.O TANK OR MOTOR FAILURE
The text “W.O panel interlock signal or motor failure” will appear in the control display and the alarm ‘feed
back or motor relay failure’ will be shown. The reason may be:
Reset alarm.
The text “W.O burner atomizing air pressure low” will appear in the control panel display and the alarm ‘W.O
burner atomizing air pressure low’ will be shown. The reason may be:
Adjust to correct pressure which is between 0.8 and 2.0 Bar, depending on
the W.O oil viscosity.
Clean them.
Clean it.
Reset alarm.
The text “Combustion air pressure low” will appear in the control panel display and the
alarm ‘Combustion air pressure low’ will be shown. The reason may be:
Reset alarm.
The text “Primary blower overload trip, W.O dosing pump motor overload trip” and OPTIONAL ITME (Mill
pump overload trip, D.O transfer pump overload trip, Exhaust fan motor overload trip) will appear in the
control panel display.
The alarm marked “motor overload failure” will be shown. The reason may be:
The motor thermal overload protectors for primary blower(VH) or W.O dosing pump(7M2) are
switched off.
Check electric cables and the function according to the key diagram.
Reset alarm.
Reset the automatic fuses and find the reason why they are switched off.
The text “Chamber negative pressure low” will appear in the control panel display and the alarm ‘Chamber
negative pressure low’ will be shown.
The reason may be:
Reset alarm.
The text “Sluice inside door open” will appear in the control panel display and the alarm ‘Sluice inside door
open’ will be shown the reason may be:
The inside gate is blocked by waste that has not fallen into the combustion chamber
Alarm will activate cooling process. When the incinerator temperature has fallen to 100oC
it is possible to open the sluice door and remove the waste blockage.
Check air supply to incinerator by controlling the pressure on the pressure gauge on the pressure
regulator (TR).
The text “ SLUICE FEED DOOR OPEN” will appear in the control panel display and the alarm ‘Sluice feed
door open’ will be shown. The reason may be:
The micro switch on front door is broken, check the electrical -connections.
Breakdown
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Reasons / Remedies
Adhesion between rotor and stator excessive (as delivered). Lubricate (soft soap,
a genuine soap) between stator and rotor. Then turn the pump by means of the tool
W 2.
Check rotational direction of the pump per data sheet and nam eplate. In case of
b
wrong direction, change wiring of motor.
c Suction pipe or shaft sealing leak.
Suction head too high (item 6.5.3.1). Check suction head with vacuum gauge.
d
Increase the suction pipe diam eter and fit larger filters. Open the suction valve.
e Viscosity of the liquid too high. Check and accommodate per data sheet.
f W rong pump speed. Correct pump speed as per data sheet.
Check coupling, possibly pump shaft is misaligned to drive. Check whether coupling
j
gear is worn. Realign coupling. The coupling gear may have to be replaced.
Speed to low. Increase the speed when high suction performances are required and
k
when the liquid is very thin.
Speed too high. Reduce the speed when pum ping products with high viscosities -
l
danger of cavitation.
Check the axial play in the coupling linkage. Check that the bush has been installed
m
correctly. (see document OM.PJT. Item 2.2)
Check for foreign substances in the pump. Dismantle the pum p, remove foreign
n
substances and replace worn parts.
o Stator or rotor worn. Dismantle the pump and replace defective parts.
p Joint parts worn. Replace worn parts and fill with special pin joint grease.
q Suction pipework partially or completely blocked. Clean suction pipework.
Temperature of the pumping liquid too high. Excessive expansion of the stator.
r
Check temperature and install rotor with diameter smaller than specified.
Gland packing too strongly tightened or worn. Ease or tighten stuffing box. Replace
s
defective packing rings.
Solid contents and / or size of solids too large. Reduce pump speed and install
t
perhaps a screen with suitable meshes. Increase fluid share.
W hen the pump is non-operational, the solids settle out and become hard. Clear
u
and flush pump immediately.
The liquid becomes hard when the temperature falls below a certain limit. Heat the
v
pump.
The bearing in the drive casing of the pump, or in the drive engine is defective.
w
Repalce bearing.
Mechanical seal defective. Check seall faces and O-rings. If necessary replace
x
corresponding defective parts.
The bearings for all electrical motors are of the fully closed type without lubrication nipples. Change of
bearings after a working shift of 10,000 hours.
The refractory lining should be maintained according to operation and maintenance instructions. In
case of damage to the lining, repairs can be carried out according to the following instructions:
3
Repair type 1: Damages of less than 4 cm and cracks wider than approx. 5 mm.
LINE OF PROCEDURE
Repair type 1
The damaged area is to be cleaned for loose particles and then coated with an air setting mortar or a special,
fine grain coating with approximately 42% Al203 and a low iron content temperature limit of approximately
1450 °C.
Repair type 2
In order to obtain a good result the repair spot should have a finish coating. The incinerator has to air dry for 2
-4 hours before it is operated again.
Repair type 3
Please contact Incinerators A/S for information or contact a company specialized in refractory linings.
Broken ceramics are to be replaced by new ones using air setting mortar and castable refractory.
4
4
3
3
5
2 1
1. The combustion air will be regulated by means of an air damper in order to obtain complete combustion. The
combustion is controlled visually by means of a sight glass on the side of the incinerator. Note: During test of new
incinerator’s the damper is adjusted and should not be changed.
2. When starting-up the atomizing air regulates the pressure between 0,8 ~ 2 bar.
5.5.1 Lubrication
R1 GEAR UNITS
GEAR UNIT SIZE MOUNTING POSITION / LUBRICANT QUANTITY TYPE BRAND
R2 GEAR UNITS
GEAR UNIT SIZE MOUNTING POSITION / LUBRICANT QUANTITY TYPE BRAND
RECOMMENDED TYPES OF GREASE: R1 / R2 GEAR UNITS RECOMMENDED TYPES OF GREASE: R2 GEAR UNITS
CAUTION
Before switching on the pump, fill the suction-sided pump casing with fluid so that the first rotations will lubricate
the conveying elements immediately. A small quantity of fluid is sufficient for lubrication; the subsequent
operation of the pump is self-priming, even if an air column up to the liquid level remains.
Electric/Hydraulic Connections
The risk of exposure to electrical hazards must be ruled out. Always observe the safety regulations valid
at the site of installation.
COUNTER-CLOCKWISE CLOCK-WISE
6.SPARE PARTS
6.1 COMPONENTS INCINERATOR
- The description of “ID” refer to previous piping drawing on the final drawing.
P
1
- +
V
12
13
3
4
14
15 P
5 - +
V
6
16
7
17
8
19
9
20 18
10
11
7. ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS
7.1 MILL PUMP
The mill is a centrifugal pump with the impeller equipped with knives for comminuting the contents of the W.O
tank, maximum particle size of comminution 6mm.
Control direction of rotating ( indicate on the pump casing ) should be clockwise when looking at the el-motor.
Clean tank, suction and discharge pipe for metals. If the pump is made with bayonet locking, control that the
pump is properly locked in the bayonet locking.
MAINTENANCE
As regards check-up of the universal cutter please note that the cutter blades are to be armour-plated. When
they are worn out, the armour-plating must either be renewed repaired.
TECHNICAL DATA
Is a centrifugal pump with the impeller equipped with knives for comminution content of the W.O tank. Max.
particle size after comminution 6mm.
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Pump cover : Cast iron ( GC 200 )
Impeller : Bronze castings ( BC 6 )
Spiral casting : Cast iron ( GC 200 )
Cutter : Bronze castings ( BC 6 )
Weight pump and motor : Approx. 60 Kg
PART LIST
Complete part no. : 75K4018
118
105
108
102
110
120
111
112
113
109 117 107 121 106 104 116