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Constant voltage generators operate as follows . and why they aren't

When an electrical source of voltage that is fixed in value such as 27 or 36 volts (the voltage supplied
by 3 or 4 - 9 volt batteries in series connection) is used to generate ionic/colloidal silver, the voltage is
connected to the silver electrodes which are in the water. A small amount of current then begins to
flow. At this point the current is generally about one quarter of one milliampere (a milliampere is a
measure of current flow). This allows some of the silver ions to be released from one electrode while
hydrogen gas is formed and released from the other electrode. As the silver is released into the
water, the conductivity of the water increases, allowing more current to flow. This in turn allows more
silver ions to be sintered off the electrode. So far so good. But what happens very quickly is this:

The increased current flow allows the metal to be deposited into the water at a faster and faster rate
as the conductivity of the water is increased by more silver being released. This is a vicious cycle
because in a very few minutes the current passes the point where small colloidal particles are
generated. Particle size is determined by many factors; one of them being current flow or more
correctly, current density which is the ratio of current flow to electrode surface area. Once the flow
exceeds this critical point, you must stop the process or risk producing large particles. These particles
are NOT colloidal. They will sink to the bottom of the liquid and will generally not stay in
suspension. Constant voltage generators cannot be left on for long without producing large particles.
They are commonly called "Mud Makers".

If you ingest larger particles or silver salts in liquid such as silver nitrate you take the chance of
acquiring a condition know as argyria On the other hand, colloidal silver particles are so small they do
not cause this condition. They are continually being excreted in your bodily waste. There has never
been a case in which argyria has been attributed to ingestion of ionic/colloidal silver. Please see our
link to "Where does the silver go when you drink it" by Dr. Roger Altman. It can be accessed in our "
Links and Resources" link at the bottom of most page s .

Constant Current Generators work as follows : and why they work so

T he voltage source may be the same or higher as constant voltage generators at the beginning of
the operation but the similarity between constant voltage and constant current generators diverges
rapidly. As the current flow begins to increase with increased water conductivity, the " constant curren
t" regulator begins to reduce the voltage in order to keep the current at the desired amount of flow.
With the voltage being reduced in order to keep the current constant, the silver particle size remains
uniform. As the water becomes very conductive, the voltage may be reduced to as little as 5 or 6 volts
to maintain the desired current flow. With this type circuit, one may leave the generator connected to
the electrodes and not worry that " runaway " will occur. You may leave the generator on until the
strength of silver in parts per million ( PPM ) is reached and be assured the particle sizes are uniform
and colloidal. Of course we are speaking of practical limits here. This is the secret of repeatable
production of colloidal silver. Constant current equals constant size particles. Typically, CS made
over 15 PPM will usually agglomerate. Our automatic generator (SG6 Auto ) with stirring motor can
make up to 20 PPM without agglomeration.
 If the particles are as small as can be made and also colloidal, the water will be clear and will also
show the Tyndall effect . If they are larger, the water color will shift toward yellow because of
agglomeration. Still larger particles appear red; then green and the blue ones are the largest. The
proper color for colloidal silver water is clear. If it is clear and has a weak Tyndall effect, the particle
size is as small as can be made. That is the best way to know you have colloidal silver water. Make
it yourself and then you will know and see what we mean! The proof is in the clear color and the
Tyndall effect. Of course you can also test it using the PWT meter to determine the total PPM.

With our SG6 automatic generator you just set the dial to the PPM (parts per million) desired and wait
until the unit shuts off and you will have the best colloidal silver that can possibly be made. It will
always be crystal clear and have a weak Tyndall effect. You may observe this effect by directing a
pocket laser beam or strong narrow flashlight beam through the liquid after the dispersion phase. The
beam will be visible as the particles are evenly dispersed, allowing the light to reflect off them. This is
called the Tyndall effect.

The bottom line is this : M ake sure your CS is clear, not yellow colored and you will be getting the
largest amount of individual silver particles per unit measure of water. As an example, 1 milligram of
silver dropped into 1 liter of water is equal to 1 part per million by definition. If you could turn that 1
milligram into 1 million individual silver particles and disperse it in the water, the PPM is still 1.
However you now have many more individual pieces of silver in the water to attack bacteria and
viruses. If you could divide that 1 milligram of silver into so many pieces they barely reflected any light,
then you would have the optimum amount of silver per unit measure of water. Typically those particles
are about .001 to .005 microns in diameter. A micron is one millionth of a meter (or 26 millionths of an
inch) so .001 microns is about 1/1000 of 1/1,000,000 of a meter. Pretty small particles indeed. Our
generators typically produce particle sizes ranging from .00 1 to .005 microns. If particle size
increases beyond that, the particles will begin to reflect light and the first color seen will be yellow.
That is called agglomeration. See our electron microscopy photos page to see proof of the small
particle size our generators can produce.

Another factor in colloid production is the surface area of the electrodes. If one uses wire as the
electrodes as most manufacturers do, the surface area is quite small. As an example, 14 gauge wire,
which is what most units are sold with, has a surface area of approximately .8 square inches if it is
submersed 4 inches in the water. Two wires will give approximately 1.6 square inches of wetted
surface area.

Our electrodes are .25 inches wide and .013 inches thick. If they are submersed 4
inches, the total surface area will be 4.21 square inches. This is 2.5 times the wetted
surface area of 14 gauge wires. Therefore the current density of 14 gauge wires will
be 2.5 times higher than the electrodes we use. What this means is, the amount of
silver released using our electrodes will be so spread out over the surface of the
electrodes, it will be releasing at a slower pace. If the silver is released more slowly,
the particles are smaller. They will also be more uniform in size because of the
constant current regulator and stirring . The result is a more uniform, small particle
size colloid.

If one used a constant voltage source, such as the typical box with three batteries or
a machine that uses a wall transformer to provide a constant DC voltage, the silver
would begin to be ripped off the wire electrodes very quickly because of the high
current density which continues to increase during production. The resulting silver
particles would be a non-uniform size and would be composed of small to large size
particles as the current began to rise with time. The color of the water would be
yellow, red, brown or muddy looking and silver sludge will begin to drop out and fall
to the bottom. The particles of silver are getting too large as the current begins to
run away and rise dramatically.