05-15

3-A Sanitary Standards for Stainless Steel

Automotive Transportation Tanks for Bulk Delivery
and Farm Pick-Up Service, Number 05-15
Formulated by
International Association of Food Industry Suppliers (IAFIS)
International Association for Food Protection (IAFP)
United States Public Health Service (USPHS)
The Dairy Industry Committee (DIC)
United Stated Department of Agriculture – Dairy Programs (USDA)

It is the purpose of the IAFIS, IAFP, USPHS, DIC, and USDA in connection with the development of the 3-A Sanitary
Standards Program to allow and encourage full freedom for inventive genius or new developments. Milk transportation tank
specifications heretofore or hereafter developed which so differ in design, materials, and fabrication or otherwise as not to
conform to the following standards but which, in the fabricator's opinion, are equivalent or better, may be submitted for the
joint consideration of the IAFIS, IAFP, USPHS, DIC, and USDA at any time. The 3-A Sanitary Standards and 3-A Accepted
Practices provide hygienic criteria applicable to equipment and systems used to produce, process and package milk, milk
products and other perishable foods or comestible products. Standard English is the official language of 3-A Sanitary
Standards and 3-A Accepted Practices.

A SCOPE B2 Farm Pick-Up or Multiple Pick-Up and Delivery

Tank: Shall mean a bulk transportation tank as
A1 These standards cover the sanitary aspects of defined in B1 with transfer attachments and
automotive transportation tanks for milk, fluid facilities, including a pump and/or hose cabinet,
milk products, and other liquid comestible as specified herein.
products.
B3 Product: Shall mean the milk, fluid milk product
A2 In order to conform to these 3-A Sanitary or other liquid comestible product transported in
Standards, transportation tanks shall comply with the tank.
the following design, material and fabrication
criteria.1 B4 Surfaces

B DEFINITIONS B4.1 Product Contact Surfaces: Shall mean all

surfaces which are exposed to the product and
B1 Bulk Transportation Tank: Shall mean an over surfaces from which liquids may drain, drop or be
the road truck or trailer tank used to transport drawn into the product.
milk, fluid milk products or other liquid
comestible products. It may have more than one B4.2 Nonproduct Contact Surfaces: Shall mean all
compartment. other exposed surfaces.

B5 Cleaning

B5.1 Mechanical Cleaning or Mechanically Cleaned:

1 Shall mean soil removal by impingement,
Use current revisions or editions of all referenced documents circulation, or flowing chemical detergent
cited herein.
solutions and water rinses onto and over the
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surfaces to be cleaned by mechanical means in B13 Inspectable: Shall mean all product contact
equipment or by systems specifically designed for surfaces can be made available for close visual
this purpose. observation.

B5.2 Manual (COP) Cleaning: Shall mean soil B14 Simple Hand Tools: Shall mean implements
removal when the equipment is partially or totally normally used by operating and cleaning
disassembled. Soil removal is effected with personnel such as a screwdriver, wrench, or
chemical solutions and water rinses with the mallet.
assistance of one or a combination of brushes,
nonmetallic scouring pads and scrapers, high or B15 Nontoxic Materials: Shall mean those substances
low pressure hoses and tank(s) which may be which under the conditions of their use are in
fitted with recirculating pump(s), and with all compliance with applicable requirements of the
cleaning aids manipulated by hand. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, as
amended.
B6 Product Outlet: Shall mean the opening in the
lining of a tank or a compartment and the outlet B16 Corrosion Resistant: Shall mean the surface has
passage for product to the exterior of the tank or the property to maintain its original surface
compartment. The outlet passage starts at the characteristics for its predicted service period
opening in the lining and terminates at the when exposed to the conditions encountered in the
connection for the outlet valve. environment of intended use, including expected
contact with product and cleaning, sanitizing, or
B7 Pump and/or Hose Cabinet: Shall mean a cabinet sterilization compounds or solutions.
used to house the pump and/or transfer hose and
may also house a compartment for product sample B17 Close Coupled: Shall mean mating surfaces or
trays and samples. other juxtaposed surfaces that are less than twice
the nominal diameter or cross section of the
B8 Deck Plate: Shall mean the personnel access port mating surfaces or a maximum 5 in. (127 mm).
dust cover seat or that part of the outer jacket on
which the cover rests. C MATERIALS

B9 Soil: Shall mean the presence of unwanted C1 Metals

organic residue or inorganic matter, with or
without microorganisms, including food residue, C1.1 Product contact surfaces shall be of stainless steel
in or on the equipment. of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
300 Series2 (excluding, 301, 302) or
B10 Sanitizing or Sanitization: Shall mean a process corresponding Alloy Cast Institute (ACI) types3,
applied to a cleaned surface which is capable of or metal which under conditions of intended use is
reducing the numbers of the most resistant human at least as corrosion resistant as stainless steel of
pathogens by at least 5 log10 reductions the foregoing types, and is nontoxic and
(99.999%) to 7 log10 reductions (99.99999%) by nonabsorbent. (See Appendix, Section E.)
applying accumulated hot water, hot air, or steam,
or by applying an EPA-registered sanitizer
according to label directions. Sanitizing may be
effected by mechanical or manual methods.

B11 Easily or Readily Removable: Shall mean quickly

separated from the equipment with the use of
simple hand tools if necessary.
2
The data for this series are contained in the AISI Steel Products
B12 Easily or Readily Accessible: Shall mean a
Manual, Stainless & Heat Resisting Steels, Table 2-1. Available
location which can be safely reached by personnel from the American Iron and Steel Society, 410 Commonwealth
from the floor, platform, or other permanent work Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086 (412) 776-1535.
area. 3
Steel Founders Society of America, Cast Metal Federation Building,
455 State Street, Des Plaines, IL 60016 (708) 299-9160.

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C2 Nonmetals C3 Nonproduct Contact Surfaces

C2.1 Rubber and rubber-like materials may be used for C3.1 All nonproduct contact surfaces shall be of
flexible transfer tubing, gaskets, seals, vents and corrosion-resistant material or material that is
parts having the same functional purposes. rendered corrosion resistant. If coated, the
coating shall adhere. All nonproduct contact
C2.1.1 Rubber and rubber-like materials, when used for surfaces shall be relatively nonabsorbent, durable
the above-specified application(s), shall comply and cleanable. Parts removable for cleaning
with the applicable provisions of the 3-A Sanitary having both product contact and nonproduct
Standards for Multiple-Use Rubber and contact surfaces shall not be painted.
Rubber-Like Materials Used as Product Contact
Surfaces in Dairy Equipment, Number 18-. C3.2 The lining of the pump and/or hose cabinet shall
be stainless steel or equally corrosion-resistant
C2.2 Plastic materials may be used for flexible transfer and durable material.
tubing, gaskets, seals, vents, hose/pump cabinets
and parts having the same functional purposes. C3.3 Gasket material for cabinet doors and dust covers
for both personnel access ports and outlet valves
C2.2.1 Plastic materials, when used for the above- shall be smooth, easily cleanable and
specified application(s), shall comply with the nonabsorbent.
applicable provisions of the 3-A Sanitary
Standards for Multiple-Use Plastic Materials Used C3.4 Sample trays and insulated sample boxes that will
as Product Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment, be in the pump and/or hose cabinet shall be made
Number 20-. of stainless steel, plastic or other equally
corrosion-resistant durable material.
C2.3 Rubber and rubber-like materials or plastic
materials having product contact surfaces shall be C3.5 Nonmetallic composite materials may be used as a
of such composition as to retain their surface and supportive backing for the tank liner or the outer
conformational characteristics when exposed to shell or both.
the conditions encountered in the environment of
intended use and in cleaning and bactericidal D FABRICATION
treatment.
D1 Tank Liner Thickness
C2.4 The final bond and residual adhesive, if used, on
bonded rubber and rubber-like materials and D1.1 The minimum gauge of material for the lining
bonded plastic materials shall be nontoxic.4 shall be determined by one of the following:

C2.5 Where materials having certain inherent D1.1.1 16 U.S. Standard Gauge for tanks of capacities of
functional purposes are required for specific 1,000 gal (3,785 L) or less; 14 U.S. Standard
applications, such as agitator bearing surfaces and Gauge for tanks of capacities of over 1,000 gal
rotary seals, carbon, and/or ceramic materials may (3,785 L) and not exceeding 2,000 gal (7,570 L);
be used. Carbon and/or ceramic materials shall be 12 U.S. Standard Gauge for tanks of over 2,000
inert, nonporous, nontoxic, nonabsorbent, gal (7,570 L) capacity.
insoluble, resistant to scratching, scoring, and
distortion when exposed to the conditions D1.1.2 Lighter gauges of material shall be permitted if
encountered in the environment of intended use shell stress analysis on specific design application
and in cleaning and bactericidal treatment. demonstrates they are so supported that they will
have equal resistance to denting, buckling,
4 sagging, and fatigue failures as provided by the
Adhesives shall comply with 21 CFR 175 - Indirect Food
three gauges specified above for the respective
Additives: Adhesives and Components of Coatings. Document
for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government sizes of tanks.
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (202) 512-1800.

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D2 Surface Texture constructed that the lining will not sag, buckle or
prevent complete drainage of water when the tank
D2.1 All product contact surfaces shall have a finish at has a pitch of not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in
least as smooth as a No. 4 ground finish on 100 in. (254 mm).
stainless steel sheets and be free of imperfections
such as pits, folds, and crevices in the final D7 Tank Height
fabricated form. (See Appendix, Section F.)
D7.1 The height of the vertical axis of the lining of the
D3 Permanent Joints tank shall not be less than the minimum heights
shown in the following tables:
D3.1 All permanent joints in metallic product contact
5
surfaces shall be continuously welded. TABLE 1. Tanks Having Uniform Vertical Axes
Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm
D4 Bonded Materials Tank Size Minimum
Height
D4.1 Bonded rubber and rubber-like materials and
bonded plastic materials having product contact Up to and including 500 gal (1,892L) 36 in.
surfaces shall be bonded in a manner that the (914.4 mm)
bond is continuous and mechanically sound, so Over 500 gal (1,892 L) and up to and 40 in.
that when exposed to the conditions encountered including 2,000 gal (7,570 L) (1,016 mm)
in the environment of intended use and in cleaning Over 2,000 gal (7,570 L) and up to 42 in.
and bactericidal treatment, the rubber and and including 2,800 gal (10,598 L) (1,069 mm)
rubber-like material or the plastic material does
not separate from the base material to which it is Over 2,800 gal (10,598 L) and up to 44 in.
bonded. and including 3,500 gal (13,248 L) (1,118 mm)
Over 3,500 gal (13,248 L) 46 in.
D5 Cleaning and Inspectability (1,168 mm)

D5.1 Transportation tanks that are to be mechanically

cleaned shall be designed so that the product TABLE 2. Tanks Having Varying Vertical Axes
contact surfaces of the transportation tanks and all Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm
nonremoved appurtenances thereto can be
Tank Size Min. Front Min. Rear
mechanically cleaned and are easily accessible,
Height Height
readily removable, and inspectable.
Up to and including 36 in. 36 in.
D5.2 Product contact surfaces not designed to be 500 gal (1,892 L) (914.4 mm) (914.4 mm)
mechanically cleaned shall be easily accessible for Over 500 gal (1,892 40 in. 40 in.
cleaning and inspection either when in an installed L) and up to and (1,016 mm) (1,016 mm)
position or when removed. Demountable parts including 2,000 gal
shall be readily removable. (7,570 L)
D6 Draining Over 2,000 gal 41 in. 51 in.
(7,570 L) and up to (1,041 mm) (1,295 mm)
D6.1 All product contact surfaces shall be self-draining and including 2,800
except for normal clingage. Tanks shall be so gal (10,598 L)
Over 2,800 gal 43 in. 55 in.
5 (10,598 L) and up to (1,092 mm) (1,397 mm)
Criteria for hygienic welds may be found in AWS/ANSI D18.1 –
Specification for Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube and Pipe and including 3,500
Systems in Sanitary (Hygienic) Applications. Available from the gal (13,248 L)
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126,
phone: (305) 443-9353, fax: (305) 443-7559, e-mail: [email protected];
Over 3,500 gal 43 in. 57 in.
and EHEDG Doc. 9 – Welding Stainless Steel to Meet Hygienic (13,248 L) (1,092 mm) (1,448 mm)
Requirements. Available from the European Hygienic Equipment
Design Group, Ellen Moens, Avenue Grand Champ 148, 1150 Brussels,
Belgium.

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D8 Fittings, Valves and Connections D10 Gaskets

D8.1 All sanitary fittings and connections shall conform D10.1 Personnel access port cover gaskets shall be
to the applicable provisions of the 3-A Sanitary readily removable and easily cleanable.
Standards for Sanitary Fittings for Milk and Milk
Products, Number 63-. D10.2 Grooves in gaskets shall be no deeper than their
width.
D8.2 All sanitary valves shall conform to the applicable
provisions of the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Plug- D10.3 Gasket retaining grooves in product contact
Type Valves for Milk and Milk Products 51-, 3-A surfaces for removable gaskets shall not exceed
Sanitary Standards for Thermoplastic Plug-Types ¼ in. (6.35 mm) in depth or be less than ¼ in.
Valves for Milk and Milk Products, Number 53-, (6.35 mm) wide.
3-A Sanitary Standards for Boot Seal-Type
Valves for Milk and Milk Products, Number 55 -, D11 Radii
3-A Sanitary Standards for Tank Outlet Valves for
Milk and Milk Products, Number 57-, 3-A D11.1 Minimum radii for fillets of welds where the
Sanitary Standards for Caged-Ball Valves for head(s) and the partition wall(s) join the lining of
Milk and Milk Products, Number 66-, or 3-A the tank shall not be less than 3/4 in. (19.05 mm).
Sanitary Standards for Ball-Type Valves for Milk
and Milk Products, Number 68- except that D11.2 All internal angles of less than 135° on product
materials conforming to C2.1.1 or C2.2.1 may be contact surfaces shall have radii of not less than
used for caps of sanitary design for the protection 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) except that:
of the terminal ends of sanitary tubes, fittings or
vents. D11.2.1 The minimum radius of any internal angle in a
gasket groove or gasket retaining groove shall be
D8.3 All instrument connections having product contact not less than 1/16 in. (1.59 mm).
surfaces shall conform to the applicable
provisions of the 3-A Sanitary Standards for D11.2.2 When the thickness of one or both parts jointed is
Sensors and Sensor Fittings and Connections less than 3/16 in. (4.76 mm), the minimum radii
Used on Fluid Milk and Milk Products for fillets of welds on product contact surfaces
Equipment, Number 74-. shall be not less than 1/8 in. (3.18 mm).

D8.4 All hose assemblies shall conform to the D12 Threads

applicable provisions of the 3-A Sanitary
Standards for Hose Assemblies for Milk and Milk D12.1 There shall be no threads on product contact
Products, Number 62-. surfaces, except for male threaded fittings that
comply with Section D8.1 necessary for making
D9 Sanitary Tubing mechanical cleaning connections.

D9.1 All metal tubing shall conform to the applicable D13 Insulation
provisions for welded sanitary product pipelines
found in Section G in the 3-A Accepted Practices D13.1 The tank and divider between the compartments
for Permanently Installed Product and Solution of a multi-compartment tank shall be insulated in
Pipelines and Cleaning Systems Used in Milk and such a manner that, in a 48-h period, when the
Milk Product Processing Plants, Number 605- and tank is full of water, the average change in the
with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Polished temperature of the water will not exceed 4o F (2o
Metal Tubing for Dairy Products, Number 33-. C) when the average difference between the
temperature of the water and that of the
atmosphere surrounding the tank is 30o F (17o C).
Insulating material shall be installed in such a
manner as to prevent shifting or settling.
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D14 Outlet and Outlet Valve D14.2.1 Compression-type valves when used in the tank or
outlet passage shall have a metal to metal or
D14.1 Each tank or compartment shall have a separate rubber, or rubber-like materials to metal seat. The
outlet passage. The outlet shall be of all welded rubber or rubber-like material may be either
construction. The inside diameter of the outlet removable or bonded.
shall be at least as large as that of 2 in. (50.80
mm) 3-A sanitary tubing. The outlet(s) shall D14.3 The tank outlet and valve bore shall be the same
provide complete drainage of the tank(s) or size and concentric or the product passage of the
compartment(s). In multi-compartment or multi- outlet valve (s) shall have an inside diameter no
tank units, the top of the outlet passage(s) of the less than that of the tank outlet and (2) shall be
front compartment(s) or the front tank(s) shall be self-draining.
as low as the low point of the lining at the outlet
and shall provide for complete drainage toward D14.4 A cap conforming to D8.2 shall be furnished for
the outlet. The horizontal distance from the the outlet opening of the outlet valve, except when
opening in the lining to this point shall not be the outlet opening of the valve is located in the
more than four times the diameter of the outlet pump and/or hose cabinet that is connected to the
passage. The outlet passage downstream of this pump piping.
point shall pitch towards the connection for the
outlet valve. The terminal end of the outlet D14.5 Unless the outlet valve is located in the pump
passage shall not extend more than 6 in. (152.4 and/or hose cabinet, it shall be provided with a
mm) beyond the inside lining of the tank or dust cover which (1) encloses the entire valve
compartment(s). The outlet passage may be assembly, (2) is dust proof and (3) has a smooth
increased in length provided that: interior finish. Dust covers shall be provided with
means of sealing to prevent opening or removing
D14.1.1 The outlet passage is straight or is straight the cover without breaking the seal.
downstream of the elbow(s) or bend(s) used either
to change the direction of product flow from a D15 Personnel Access Ports and Covers
bottom outlet or to comply with the requirement
in D13.1 that at a specified point the top of the D15.1 A personnel access port(s) shall be provided and
outlet passage shall be as low as the low point of shall be not less than 16 in. (406.4 mm) by 20 in.
the lining at the outlet. (508.0 mm) oval or 18 in. (457.2 mm) in
diameter. It shall be located in the top portion of
D14.1.2 The outlet and outlet passage may be adequately the tanker and approximately in the center of each
cleaned manually or the tank or compartment with compartment.
the increased outlet passage is provided with a
fixed spray device(s) so that the outlet passage D15.2 The upper edge of a deck plate opening shall be
may be mechanically cleaned and sanitized. not less than 3/8 in. (9.52 mm) higher than the
surrounding area and if an exterior flange is
D14.1.3 The outlet passage is insulated sufficiently that the incorporated in it, it shall slope and drain away
temperature rise of water in the outlet passage from the opening, so that liquids or debris may
does not exceed the allowable average not accumulate around the opening, the lid and lid
temperature rise of the tank full of water specified gasket under conditions of use or other adverse
in D13.1. environmental conditions such as freezing.

D14.1.4 The outlet passage is protected against damage D15.3 Personnel access ports shall be located so that the
(denting) and is braced and sloped. solutions from mechanical cleaning device(s) are
applied to all product contact surfaces.
D14.2 Outlet valves, when provided, shall conform to
D8.2 or if the valve is within the lining or in the D15.4 A sanitary vent of sufficient free opening to
outlet passage, and the seat is an integral part of prevent excess vacuum and/or internal pressure
the lining or the outlet passage, a compression- during filling or emptying, shall be installed in the
type valve conforming to the applicable personnel access port cover under the personnel
provisions of D14.2.1 may be used. access port dust cover. The air vent shall be

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designed so that parts are readily accessible, milk fat content of the product throughout the tank
easily removable and readily cleanable. (See or compartment being within a variation of ±
Appendix, Section G.) 0.1% by an official AOAC6 milk fat test.

D15.5 Permanently installed mechanical device(s), if D17.2 The agitator, if not designed for mechanical
used, shall be designed and installed so that cleaning, shall be located in such a manner that it
solutions are applied to all product contact shall be readily accessible for manual cleaning
surfaces. and inspection.

D16 Personnel Access Port(s) Dust Covers D17.3 A mechanical agitator shall have a seal of the
packless type, sanitary in design with all parts
D16.1 Each personnel access port shall be provided with accessible for cleaning.
a dust cover.
D18 Appurtenances for Air Agitation and
D16.2 The interior finish of the dust cover shall be Mechanical Cleaning
smooth, readily cleanable and free from bolts and (See Appendix, Section J.)
screws. Round or oval head rivets shall be
deemed acceptable. D18.1 Tubing, tubing supports, and attachments for
spray cleaning devices within the tank shall be
D16.3 Welded interior attachments shall have minimum designed to be mechanically cleaned.
radii of 1/16 in. (1.59 mm).
D18.2 Openings for air agitation, mechanical cleaning
D16.4 A suitable vent shall be provided to relieve applications or both shall be protected against
vacuum and pressure when the dust cover is contamination by means of a removable dust
closed. The vent shall be located on the side of cover, except where such openings are within the
the rear half of the dust cover or be suitably pump and/or hose cabinet. The dust cover shall
protected from conditions of use that may be provided with means of sealing to prevent
overcome the intended purpose of the vent. opening the dust cover without breaking the seal.

D16.5 The dust cover when closed shall provide an D18.3 Permanently mounted air or solution tubing shall
effective seal to prevent entrance of dust. be constructed and installed so that it will not sag,
buckle, vibrate or prevent complete drainage of
D16.6 The dust cover shall be provided with means of the tank or tubing, and shall be located so that the
sealing to prevent opening the dust cover without distance from the outside of the tubing to the
breaking the seal. lining is at least 2 in. (50.80 mm), except at point
of entrance. The tubing and all related fittings
D16.7 If a rubber or rubber-like, or plastic gasket is used shall be self-draining.
as a seal, it shall be smooth, either removable or
firmly bonded to the dust cover to provide a D18.4 Means for mechanically cleaning the tank or
smooth, easily cleanable surface without crevices. compartment, when provided, shall clean the
product contact surfaces and all nonremoved
D16.8 Deck plate, if attached to the outer jacket, shall be appurtenances thereto except those areas that may
effectively sealed and firmly bonded. be manually cleaned without entering the tank.
(See Appendix, Section H.)
D17 Agitation

D17.1 When specified, the tank or compartment thereof

shall be provided with means for mechanical or 6
The method of making these will be found in the following
air agitation (See Appendix, Section J) that, when
reference: Official Methods of Analysis: Available from AOAC
operated 20 minutes in whole milk that has been International, 481 N. Frederick Ave., Suite 500, Gaithersburg,
stored 24 hrs. at 40°F (4.4°C) will result in the MD 20877. (301) 924-7077.

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D18.5 Mechanical cleaning tubing shall be close coupled installed on the face of the cabinet or on doors
where it extends through the outer shell. except along a drainage area where it shall be
attached to the doors. Gasket material shall be
D19 Baffles removable or firmly bonded to provide smooth,
easily cleanable surfaces without crevices.
D19.1 Baffles, when provided, shall not interfere with
the free drainage of the tank or compartment. D20.7 A roof overhang or suitable drip molding shall be
provided over the cabinet doors.
D19.2 The area of any one baffle plate shall not exceed
40% of the cross-sectional area of the tank and the D20.8 A carrier bracket shall be provided to support the
entire baffle shall be on one side of the flexible transfer tubing. Means shall be provided
longitudinal center line of the tank. If more than to support the loose end of the tubing above the
one baffle is installed, consecutive baffles shall be cabinet floor.
installed on opposite sides of the tank and shall be
at least 48 in. (122 cm) apart. Baffles shall be so D20.9 Fixed attachments such as pump support brackets,
designed that walk-through accessibility will be tubing carrier brackets and brackets for belt and
provided to all areas for inspection, and if the tank pulley guards shall be easily accessible for
is not provided with means for mechanically cleaning.
cleaning the tank or compartment, for cleaning
purposes. D20.10 The size and location of the cabinet shall be such
that will afford easy accessibility for assembly and
D19.3 Baffles shall be welded to the tank. There shall disassembly of removable parts and provide
be no sharp edges on baffles. ample clearance around permanently installed
equipment and parts. (See Appendix, Section I,
D20 Hose/Pump Cabinets Facilities for Extra Fittings.)

D20.1 The lining of cabinets, doors and fixed D21 Pumps

attachments shall be smooth.
D21.1 Pumps, when furnished, shall conform to the 3-A
D20.2 All permanent metallic joints in the lining shall be Sanitary Standards for Centrifugal and Positive
continuously welded. All welded areas in the Rotary Pumps, Number 02-. A sanitary closure
lining shall be at least as smooth as the adjoining shall be furnished for the outlet opening of the
surfaces. pump.

D20.3 If plastic material is used to fabricate or to line the D21.2 A pump having a base area of 1 ft2 (930 cm2)
hose/pump cabinets, it shall meet the applicable shall be installed so that there will be a minimum
criteria found in 3-A Sanitary Standards for clearance of 2 in. (50.80 mm) between the base
Multiple-Use Plastic Materials Used as Product and the cabinet floor and 3 in. (76.20 mm)
Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment, Number between the pump assembly and the cabinet walls.
20-. It shall be fabricated so that all joints are The minimum clearance between the base and the
welded, bonded, or permanently sealed to be cabinet floor shall be increased to 3 in. (76.20
watertight and as smooth as the adjoining mm) if the base area of the pump exceeds 1ft2
surfaces. (930 cm2). A pump assembly that is to be
mounted on the floor of the cabinet shall have
D20.4 The bottom shall be constructed so that it will not solid base and be installed with a nonabsorbent
sag, buckle or prevent complete drainage when sealing gasket. It shall be installed in a position
the truck is on a level surface. that (1) will not interfere with drainage and (2)
will provide minimum clearance of 3 in. (76.20
D20.5 All inside corners shall have minimum radii of 1/8 mm) between the pump assembly and the cabinet
in. (3.18 mm). walls. A side wall mounted pump assembly shall
be installed with a nonabsorbent sealing gasket.
D20.6 Cabinets shall be dust tight and doors shall be
equipped with a compression type closing device.
Gasket material for sealing cabinet doors may be

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D22 Motors for Pumps D25 Nonproduct Contact Surfaces

D22.1 An electric or hydraulic motor when located in the D25.1 Nonproduct contact surfaces shall be relatively
pump compartment, shall be totally enclosed and smooth, relatively free of pockets and crevices
nonventilated. Electric wiring, if used, shall be and be readily cleanable and those to be coated
waterproof and shall be conducted through the shall be effectively prepared for coating.
wall of the pump cabinet with watertight
connections. D25.2 The outer shell shall be smooth and effectively
sealed except for vent or weep holes in the outer
D22.2 Storage space for the pump motor electrical shell of the tank. The vent or weep holes shall be
extension cord shall be located outside the pump located in a position that will provide drainage
compartment. from the outer shell and shall be vermin proof.
The outer jacket and doors of the pump and/or
D23 Flexible Transfer Tubing hose cabinet shall be smooth and effectively
sealed. Outside welds need not be ground.
D23.1 The minimum inside diameter of the transfer
tubing shall be 2 in. (50.80 mm). A sanitary APPENDIX
closure shall be furnished for the open end(s) of
E STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS
the tubing.
Stainless steel conforming to the applicable
composition ranges established by AISI for
D23.2 If two lengths of flexible tubing are used, they
wrought products, or by ACI for cast products,
shall be connected by the use of sanitary coupling
should be considered in compliance with the
meeting Section D8.4 herein.
requirements of Section C1.1 herein. Where
welding is involved, the carbon content of the
D23.3 A piece of flexible tubing meeting Section D8.4
stainless steel should not exceed 0.08%. The first
may be used for the connection from the pump to
reference cited in C1.1 sets forth the chemical
the tank.
ranges and limits of acceptable stainless steel of
the 300 Series. Cast grades of stainless steel
D23.4 No product connections shall be allowed between
corresponding to types 303, 304, and 316 are
independent transportation tankers.
designated CF-16F, CF-8, and CF-8M,
respectively. The chemical compositions of these
D24 Sample Tray, Insulated Sample Box and
cast grades are covered by ASTM specifications7
Sample Compartments
A351/A351M, A743/A743M and A744/A744M.
D24.1 Sample trays and insulated sample boxes that are
F PRODUCT CONTACT SURFACE FINISH
to be in the pump and/or hose cabinet shall be of
Surface finish equivalent to 150 grit or better as
sanitary design and readily cleanable.
obtained with silicon carbide, properly applied on
stainless steel sheets, is considered in compliance
D24.2 Facilities shall be provided for keeping the
with the requirements of Section D1 herein. A
samples cold.
maximum roughness average (Ra) of 32 ųin. (0.80
ųm) when measured according to the requirements
D24.3 Permanently installed insulated sample boxes
of the American National Standards Institute
shall (1) be attached to the cabinets by
(ANSI)/American Society of Mechanical
continuously welding or with bolted connections
Engineers (ASME)8 B46.1 - Surface Texture, is
which have nonabsorbent sealing gaskets in the
joints, (2) have the supporting member(s) 7
continuously welded if supported from the floor Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. Phone: (610) 832-9500.
of the cabinet and (3) be installed so there is a
minimum clearance of 6 in. (152.4 mm) between 8
Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
the insulated sample box and the cabinet floor. 345 East 47th Street, NY, NY 10017-2392. (212) 705-7722.

9
 05-15

considered to be equivalent to a No. 4 finish. I FACILITIES FOR EXTRA FITTINGS

If extra sanitary fittings are supplied by the
G AIR VENTING manufacturer of the farm pick-up tank, facilities
To insure adequate venting of the tank which will should be provided in the pump compartment to
protect it from internal pressure or vacuum adequately protect such items.
damage, the critical relationship between
minimum vent size and maximum filling or J AIR UNDER PRESSURE
emptying rates should be observed. Equipment and means for applying air under
pressure for direct air agitation should conform to
A venting system of sufficient capacity to provide the applicable provisions of the 3-A Accepted
for venting during filling and emptying is not Practices for Air Under Pressure, Number 604-.
adequate during mechanical cleaning. During the
cleaning cycle, tanks when cleaned mechanically K TEMPERATURE OF THE PRODUCT
should be vented adequately by opening the The temperature of the product being loaded into
manhole cover to prevent vacuum or pressure the precooled tank should be sufficiently below
build-up due to sudden changes in temperature of the final receiving temperature requirements to
very large volumes of air.9 make up for heat gain during transportation as
outlined in Section D13.1.
Means should be provided to prevent excess loss
of cleaning solution through the manhole opening. L INSULATING VALUES
The use of tempered water of about 95û F (35û C) Table 3 lists the insulating value for some
for both pre-rinsing and post-rinsing is common insulating materials.
recommended to reduce the effect of flash heating
and cooling. TABLE 3. Amount of Insulation Material
Equivalent to R=4.0 at 75°°F (24°°C)
H MECHANICAL CLEANING Material Type Amount
The mechanical cleaning system shall be so
designed that solution is applied to all product High Density Fiberglass Sheets 0.88 in. (22.3 mm)
contact surfaces except those areas requiring Soft Fiberglass Rolls 1.12 in. (28.4 mm)
manual cleaning. When being cleaned, the tank Polystyrene Foam Sheets 1.02 in. (25.9 mm)
bottom should have sufficient pitch to accomplish
draining and to have a fast flushing action across Corkboard Sheets 1.04 in. (26.4 mm)
the bottom. The pitch should be at least 1/4 in. Polyurethane Sheets 0.66 in. (16.8 mm)
per ft (6.4 mm per 30 cm). Means should be
provided for manual cleaning of all surfaces not M ENGINEERING DESIGN AND TECHNICAL
cleaned satisfactorily by mechanical cleaning CONSTRUCTION FILE
procedures. The following is an example of an engineering
Cleaning and/or sanitizing solutions should be design and technical construction file (EDTCF) to
made up in a separate tank--not in the be maintained by the fabricator as evidence of
transportation tank. complying with 3-A Sanitary Standards or 3-A
Accepted Practices.

M1 Purpose
9
For example, when a 6,000 gal tank with 800 ft3 of 135ΕF (57ΕC) M1.1 To establish and document the material and
hot air after cleaning is suddenly flash cooled by 50ΕF (28ΕC) fabrication requirements for the engineering
water sprayed at 100 gpm the following takes place: design and technical construction files for all
Within one second, the 800 ft3 of hot air shrinks approximately
products, assemblies, and sub-assemblies supplied
51 ft3 in volume. This is the equivalent in occupied space of
approximately 382 gal of product. This shrinkage creates a by the manufacturer thereof to be in compliance
vacuum sufficient to collapse the tank unless the vent, manhole, with the sanitary criteria found in 3-A Sanitary
or other openings allow air to enter the tank at approximately the Standards or 3-A Accepted Practices. It is
same rate as it shrinks. It is obvious, therefore, that a very large
air vent such as the manhole opening is required to accommodate
recommended that the engineering and
this air flow. construction file or files be submitted with
applications for 3-A Symbol use authorization.

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 05-15

M2 Scope M6 Design and Technical Construction File

M2.1 This EDTCF applies to equipment specified by: M6.1 The Engineering Design and Technical
Construction File may consist of the following:
M2.1.1 3-A Sanitary Standards for Stainless Steel
a. an overall drawing of the subject
Automotive Transportation Tanks for Bulk
equipment;
Delivery and Farm Pick-Up Service, Number 05-
b. full detailed drawings, accompanied by any
15.
calculations, notes, test results, etc.
required to check the conformity of the
M2.1.2 List all applicable 3-A Sanitary Standards and 3-A
equipment with the 3-A Standards or 3-A
Accepted Practices.
Practices;
c. a list of:
M3 Responsibilities
(1) the essential requirements of the
standards or practices;
M3.1 This EDTCF is maintained by: The Engineering
(2) other technical specifications, which
Manager (or other company official) {name and
were used when the equipment was
title of responsible official} is responsible for
designed;
maintaining, publishing, and distributing this
d. a description of methods adopted;
EDTCF.
e. if essential, any technical report or
certificate obtained from a competent
M3.2 Implementation: All divisions, specifically
testing body or laboratory;
development engineering, standards engineering,
f. any technical report giving the results of
sales engineering, and product departments are
tests carried out internally by Engineering
responsible for implementing this EDTCF.
or others;
g. documentation and test reports on any
M4 Applicability
research or tests on components,
assemblies and/or the complete product to
M4.1 The 3-A Sanitary Standards and 3-A Accepted
determine and demonstrate that by its
Practices are voluntarily applied as suitable
design and construction the product is
sanitary criteria for dairy and food processing
capable of being installed, put into service,
equipment. 3-A Sanitary Standards are referenced
and operated in a sanitary manner
in the Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance:
(optional);
"Equipment manufactured in conformity to 3-A
h. a determination of the foreseeable lifetime
Sanitary Standards complies with the sanitary
of the product (optional);
design and construction standards of this
i. a copy of the instructions for the product
Ordinance."
(Instruction Manuals/Instruction Books);
j. for serial manufacturing, the internal
M5 References
measures that will be implemented to
insure that the equipment will continue to
M5.1 List any additional regulations that apply to the
be manufactured in conformity to the
equipment or system covered by this EDTCF.
provisions of the 3-A for serial
manufacturing, the internal measures that
M5.2 Date of conformity or 3-A Symbol Authorization
will be implemented to insure that the
and certificate number, if authorized.
equipment will continue to be
manufactured in conformity to the
provisions of the 3-A Sanitary Standards or
3-A Accepted Practices;

11
 05-15

k. engineering reports;
l. laboratory reports;
m. bills of material;
n. wiring diagrams, if applicable;
o. sales order engineering files;
p. hazard evaluation committee reports, if
executed;
q. change records;
r. customer specifications;
s. any notified body technical reports and
certification tests;
t. copy of the 3-A Symbol authorization, if
applicable.

M6.2 The file does not have to include detailed plans or

any other specific information regarding the
sub-assemblies, tooling, or fixtures used for the
manufacture of the product unless a knowledge of
them is essential for verification of conformity to
the basic sanitary requirements found in 3-A
documents.

M6.3 The documentation referred to in M6.1 above

need not permanently exist in a material manner
in the EDTCF, but it must be possible to assemble
them and make them available within a period of
time commensurate with its importance (one week
is considered reasonable time). As a minimum,
each product EDTCF must physically contain an
index of the applicable document of M6.1 above.

M7 Confidentiality

M7.1 The EDTCF is the property of the manufacturer

and is shown at their discretion, except that all or
part of this file will be available to the 3-A
Symbol Council or a regulatory agency for cause
and upon request.

M8 File Location

M8.1 The EDTCF shall be maintained at {location}.

M9 File Retention

M9.1 The EDTCF (including all documentation referred

to in M6.1) shall be retained and kept available
for 12 years following the date of placing the
product in use or from the last unit produced in
the case of series manufacture.

__________________________________________
These standards are effective November 24, 2002.

12