Assignment - 5: Precision Farming

Assignment -5
1) Describe the techniques and methods of IoT used in Smart Farming to meet the current and future
farming needs.
Precision Farming
Also known as precision agriculture, precision farming can be thought of as anything that makes farming
practice more controlled and accurate when it comes to raising livestock and growing crops. In this
approach of farm management, a key component is the use of IT and various items like sensors, control
systems, robotics, autonomous vehicles, automated hardware, variable rate technology, and so on. The
adoption of access to high-speed internet, mobile devices, and reliable, low-cost satellites by the
manufacturer are a few key technologies characterizing the precision agriculture trend. CropMetrics is a
precision agriculture organization focused on ultra-modern agronomic solutions while specializing in the
management of precision irrigation.
Agricultural Drones
Technology has changed over time and agricultural drones are a very good example of this. Drones are
being used in agriculture in order to enhance various agricultural practices. The ways ground-based and
aerial-based drones are being used in agriculture are crop health assessment, irrigation, crop monitoring,
crop spraying, planting, and soil and field analysis. The major benefits of using drones include crop
health imaging, integrated GIS mapping, ease of use, saves time, and the potential to increase yields.
With strategy and planning based on real-time data collection and processing, drone technology will give
a high-tech makeover to the agriculture industry.
Livestock Monitoring
Large farm owners can utilize wireless IoT applications to collect data regarding the location, well-being,
and health of their cattle. This information helps them in identifying animals that are sick so they can be
separated from the herd, thereby preventing the spread of disease. It also lowers labor costs as ranchers
can locate their cattle with the help of IoT based sensors.
Smart Greenhouses
Greenhouse farming is a methodology that helps in enhancing the yield of vegetables, fruits, crops, etc.
Greenhouses control the environmental parameters through manual intervention or a proportional control
mechanism. As manual intervention results in production loss, energy loss, and labor costs, these
methods are less effective. A smart greenhouse can be designed with the help of IoT; this design
intelligently monitors as well as controls the climate, eliminating the need for manual intervention.
For controlling the environment in a smart greenhouse, different sensors that measure the environmental
parameters according to the plant requirement are used. We can create a cloud server for remotely
accessing the system when it is connected using IoT. This eliminates the need for constant manual
monitoring. Inside the greenhouse, the cloud server also enables data processing and applies a control
action. This design provides cost-effective and optimal solutions for farmers with minimal manual
intervention.
2) Explain how Industrial Internet of Things empowers industrial engineering to create smart machines
The Industrial Internet of Things, where control, test and monitoring platforms are the end product, as
opposed to smart consumer devices. With billions of distributed sensors collecting data, the Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT) will transform how business operates. For example, advances in machine-to-
machine communication will revolutionize factory production through improved process monitoring and
automation. The aggregation of data from all stages of the production process will enable faster, smarter
decisions that can immediately impact the operation of an entire factory floor, from supply to
manufacturing to shipping.
The rapid shift toward intelligent systems presents an enormous challenge for embedded design
engineers. Building these complex systems involves not only designing embedded devices to collect data
from sensors, but also developing a method for networking these devices and programming sophisticated
logic to make real-time decisions based on the collected data. These systems generate massive amounts
of data that have to be managed and analyzed to detect macro trends.
Embedded system design

The tools for engineering IIoT must enable the rapid design, prototyping and deployment of embedded
systems. A platform-based approach allows smaller teams to develop more efficiently by providing a
cohesive set of tools that simplifies the complexities of system design. In this way, the tool platform
works more efficiently so that domain experts can focus on application-level challenges without being
overcome by low-level implementation details, such as building a custom board-support package.
With the right platform-based system, designers can separate design challenges by defining platform
elements that interact through a clear API, resulting in highly modular designs. This approach makes it
possible to replace or upgrade elements with commercial off-the-shelf hardware to decrease development
costs. Similarly, designers can reuse these platform elements for future iterations, verification and
documentation.
Rapid prototyping
Platform-based design can be used across all stages in the embedded design cycle, from modeling to
validation testing. Developing a prototype system is an important part of this process whether to prove
the technical feasibility of an idea or to demonstrate business value to potential investors. When
designing the types of systems that will fuel IoT, a platform-based approach is particularly effective at
enabling rapid prototyping.
National Instruments enables these designers to rapidly solve the IoT challenge with a tightly integrated
hardware and software approach. This cohesive, platform-based approach to embedded system design
gives engineers the right tools to efficiently build the Industrial Internet of Things.

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Embedded system design

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