Earth's Orbit: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mercury Mars Venus

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 1

Earth, our home, is the third planet from the sun.

It's the only planet known to


have an atmosphere containing free oxygen, oceans of water on its surface and,
of course, life.

Earth is the fifth largest of the planets in the solar system. It's smaller than the
four gas giants — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — but larger than the three
other rocky planets, Mercury, Mars and Venus.
Earth has a diameter of roughly 8,000 miles (13,000 kilometres) and is round
because gravity pulls matter into a ball. But, it's not perfectly round. Earth is
really an "oblate spheroid," because its spin causes it to be squashed at its poles
and swollen at the equator.

Water covers roughly 71 per cent of Earth's surface, and most of that is in the
oceans. About a fifth of Earth's atmosphere consists of oxygen, produced by
plants. While scientists have been studying our planet for centuries, much has
been learned in recent decades by studying pictures of Earth from space.
Earth's orbit
While Earth orbits the sun, the planet is simultaneously spinning on an
imaginary line called an axis that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It
takes Earth 23.934 hours to complete a rotation on its axis and 365.26 days to
complete an orbit around the sun.

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted in relation to the ecliptic plane, an imaginary


surface through the planet's orbit around the sun. This means the Northern and
Southern hemispheres will sometimes point toward or away from the sun
depending on the time of year, and this changes the amount of light the
hemispheres receive, resulting in the seasons.
Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle, but rather an oval-shaped ellipse, similar to
the orbits of all the other planets. Our planet is a bit closer to the sun in early
January and farther away in July, although this variation has a much smaller
effect than the heating and cooling caused by the tilt of Earth's axis. Earth
happens to lie within the so-called "Goldilocks zone" around the sun, where
temperatures are just right to maintain liquid water on our planet's surface.

You might also like