Designation: A 1044/A1044M – 05

Standard Specification for

Steel Stud Assemblies for Shear Reinforcement of
Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1044/A1044M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 2.3 U.S. Military Standards:

1.1 This specification covers steel stud assemblies for shear MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4
reinforcement of concrete. Stud assemblies consist of either MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-
single-headed studs attached to a steel base rail by welding, or ment and Storage4
double-headed studs mechanically crimped into a steel shape. 2.4 U.S. Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)4
NOTE 1—The configuration of the studs for stud assemblies is much
different than the configuration of the headed-type studs prescribed in 3. Terminology
Section 7, Figure 7.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Ratios of the cross-sectional
areas of the head-to-shank of the AWS D1.1/D1.1M studs range from 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
about 2.5 to 4. In contrast, this specification requires the area of the head 3.1.1 headed stud, n—a steel bar used in the reinforcement
of the studs for stud assemblies to be at least 10 times the area of the of concrete that has a head formed at one or both ends.
shank. Thus, the standard headed-type studs in Section 7, Figure 7.1 of 3.1.2 base rail, n—the steel shape or plate that a group of
AWS D1.1/D1.1M do not conform to the requirements of this specifica- headed studs is attached to by welding or other means.
tion for use as stud assemblies for shear reinforcement. 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Stud assemblies comprised of single-
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either headed studs require a base rail; the base rail acts as a structural
inch-pound units or in SI units. element to provide anchorage to the concrete. For stud assem-
1.3 The values stated either in inch-pound or SI units are to blies in which double-headed studs are mechanically crimped
be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown into a base rail, for example, into a steel channel, the base rail
in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact is not required to provide anchorage to the concrete; the
equivalents; therefore, each system must be used indepen- purpose of the base rail is to hold the studs in the appropriate
dently of the other. Combining values from the two systems location, direction, and spacing until the concrete is cast.
may result in nonconformance with this specification.
4. Ordering Information
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 all requirements that are necessary for material ordered to this
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, specification. Such requirements shall include but are not
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for limited to the following:
A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel 4.1.1 Name of product: stud assemblies for shear reinforce-
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing ment of concrete,
of Steel Products 4.1.2 Quantity of studs by diameter,
2.2 AWS Standard: 4.1.3 Number of heads per stud,
AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2004 Structural Welding Code—Steel3 4.1.4 Dimensions of base rail, if included,
4.1.5 Overall height of stud assembly,
4.1.6 Number of studs per each assembly and their spacing
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, (see Note 2),
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1.7 Packaging, and
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. 4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE 2—In the case of ordering studs rather than assemblies, the length
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Miami, FL 33126. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A 1044/A1044M – 05
of the studs should be specified such that the appropriate height of the stud TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements—Base Rail MaterialA
assembly is achieved. Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 65 000 [450]
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa] 44 000 [300]
5. Materials and Manufacture Elongation in 8 in. [200 mm], min, % 20
A
5.1 Headed studs shall be manufactured from steel conform- Studs welded to base rail.
ing to Specification A 29/A 29M, Grades 1010 through 1020.
The stud material shall conform to the requirements for tensile
properties prescribed in Table 1. conducted by the assembly manufacturer, or an inspection
5.2 Base Rails: agency, or the stud supplier.
5.2.1 For stud assemblies in which the studs are welded to 6.2 Tensile testing shall be performed in accordance with
a base rail, the base rail material shall conform to 5.2.1.1, the requirements described in Test Methods and Definitions
5.2.1.2, or 5.2.1.3. A 370. Tensile testing of headed studs shall be performed using
5.2.1.1 The base rail material, except for tensile properties, a test fixture as described in Section 7.3.2 of AWS D1.1/
shall conform to Specification A 36/A 36M or equivalent. The D1.1M.
base rail material shall conform to the requirements for tensile
properties prescribed in Table 2. 7. Acceptance Criteria
5.2.1.2 Base rail material conforming to the minimum 7.1 In addition to meeting the strength requirements of 5.1
required tensile properties in Specification A 36/A 36M shall and 5.2, no observed partial or total fracture of the head, the
be permitted provided the base rail thickness is increased by a stud weld, or other stud-base rail connection shall be permitted.
factor equal to the minimum yield strength specified in Table 2 The failure shall occur either in the stud material a minimum of
divided by the minimum yield strength required by Specifica- one-half shank diameter from the head-to-shank or stud-to-
tion A 36/A 36M. base rail connection, or by tearing a hole in the base rail.
5.2.1.3 Base rail material selected by the manufacturer shall Failure of the head or stud-to-base rail connection within the
be permitted subject to agreement with the purchaser. The attachment region shall be cause for rejection. The tensile force
manufacturer shall furnish documentation to the purchaser in at which failure occurs shall exceed the minimum yield
the form of test reports that confirms the suitability of the strength of the stud.
selected base rail material for: (1) manufacturing stud assem-
blies; and (2) structural adequacy of the stud assemblies for the 8. Number of Tests
intended application. 8.1 A minimum of two tensile tests shall be conducted
5.2.2 For stud assemblies in which double-headed studs are during a production shift or period. It shall be permissible to
mechanically crimped into a steel shape, the steel shape shall test separate base rail material of the same thickness, chemical
be sufficiently stiff to hold the studs in appropriate location, composition, and configuration of the base rails used in
direction, and spacing. production. One test at the start and one test at the end of each
5.3 For stud assemblies in which the studs are attached to 8-h production shift or less than 8-h production period, or at
base rails by stud welding, the stud welding shall conform to random intervals during the production period, shall be con-
AWS D1.1/D1.1M, including the provisions for production ducted.
control, and fabrication and verification requirements. 8.2 In the event different heats of stud or base rail material
5.4 Dimensions: within the same material specification are used to produce stud
5.4.1 Minimum dimensions of headed studs and plate base assemblies during a production run, a minimum of two tensile
rails shall conform to Table 3. tests in accordance with Section 6 shall be conducted to verify
the production method, product quality, and weldability of the
NOTE 3—The configurations of stud assemblies are shown in Fig. 1.
heats of materials prior to continuing production.
5.4.2 Headed studs with heads that have variable thickness 8.3 Any identified procedural or performance deficiencies
shall be permitted, provided they meet the tensile requirements shall be corrected and testing repeated until the tensile test
of this specification. results meet the requirements of this specification.

6. Tensile Tests 9. Retests

6.1 At periodic intervals, tensile tests of the headed stud 9.1 If the tension test fails before meeting the specified
with a single or double head formed at one or both ends of the minimum yield strength of the headed stud material per Table
shank or welded to the base rail shall be performed as specified 1, but is within 2000 psi [14 MPa] of the required tensile
in the quality assurance program of the manufacturer and strength, and if the fracture is not located within one-half shank
agreed upon by the purchaser. Tensile tests on the studs shall be diameter from the head-to-shank or stud-to-base rail connec-
tion, then a retest shall be allowed. Two specimens taken at
random from the production lot shall be tested during a retest.
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements—Stud Material Both assembled specimens shall pass the minimum yield
Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 65 000 [450] strength requirements of Section 6 or the lot shall be rejected.
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa] 51 000 [350] 9.2 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % 20
Reduction of area, min, % 50 such as failure of the testing equipment or from flaws caused
by specimen preparation, shipment or other damage unrelated

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 A 1044/A1044M – 05
TABLE 3 Minimum Dimensions—Headed Studs and Base Rails
Stud Shank Stud Head Base RailA
Radius at Connection
Diameter (d), Diameter (D), Thickness (th), of Stud Shank Width (b), Thickness (tp),
in. [mm]B in. [mm]C in. [mm] with Stud Head, in. [mm] in. [mm]
in. [mm]
0.375 [9.5] 1.19 [30.1] 0.21 [5.3] 0.25 [6.4] 1.00 [25.4] ⁄ [4.8]
3 16

0.500 [12.7] 1.58 [40.2] 0.28 [7.1] 0.25 [6.4] 1.25 [31.8] ⁄ [6.5]
14

0.625 [15.9] 1.98 [50.2] 0.35 [8.9] 0.25 [6.4] 1.75 [44.5] 5⁄16 [7.9]

0.750 [19.1] 2.37 [60.2] 0.42 [10.7] 0.375 [9.5] 2.00 [50.8] 3⁄8 [9.5]

A
Length of base rail specified by purchaser.
B
Tolerance: −0.010 in. [−0.25 mm].
C
Tolerance: −0.015 in. [−0.38 mm].

FIG. 1 Stud Assemblies: (a) Single-Headed Studs Welded to a Base Rail; (b) Double-Headed Studs Crimped into a Steel Channel; (c)
Detail of Connection of Stud Shank with Stud Head

to fabrication or testing, it shall be discarded and another the studs shall not be cause for rejection provided that the
specimen from the same production lot substituted. length of cracks or bursts do not exceed the value 0.25 times
(head diameter − shank diameter), or using the notation in Fig.
10. Finish 1: 0.25 (D − d). Surface rust and mill scale shall not be cause
10.1 Finished studs shall be of uniform quality and condi- for rejection provided they do not adversely affect welding or
tion, free of discontinuous laps, seams, fins, or other disconti- structural strength of the stud assembly.
nuities that would adversely affect welding or structural NOTE 4—Heads of studs are subject to cracks or bursts, which are terms
strength of the studs. Radial cracks or bursts in the head(s) of for the same thing. Cracks or bursts designate an abrupt interruption of the

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 A 1044/A1044M – 05
periphery of the stud head by radial separation of the metal. 14.3 A certified mill test report shall be furnished by the
manufacturer containing, on a per heat basis, the chemical
11. Inspection analysis of the stud material, as well as the base rail, if present.
11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have 14.4 A test report shall be required of the manufacturer for
free entry while work on the contract of the purchaser is being the production of stud assemblies as described in Section 6. A
performed, to the parts of the manufacturer’s facilities that copy of the test report shall be provided to the purchaser upon
concern manufacture of the material ordered. The manufac- request.
turer shall afford the inspector reasonable access to the facili- 14.5 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or
ties to satisfy the inspector that the materials and procedures similar document printed from or used in electronic form from
are in accordance with this specification. Inspection at the an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
place of manufacture shall be conducted so as not to interfere regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
unnecessarily with the operation of the manufacturer’s facili- the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
ties. document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
11.2 For Government Procurement Only—Except as other- standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
wise specified in the contract, the manufacturer shall be tween the purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the
responsible for the performance of inspection and test require- absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
ments specified herein, unless otherwise agreed by the pur- transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
chaser at the time of purchase, and shall use his/her own or
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection NOTE 5—The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is the
computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard
and test requirements specified herein. format such as ANSI ASC X12.
12. Rejection
15. Packaging and Marking
12.1 The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of
15.1 Headed studs shall be packaged in suitable containers,
the inspections and tests as set forth in this specification as
clearly marked with the stud part number, description, heat
deemed necessary. Unless otherwise specified, any rejection
number, and manufacturing code or production card number.
based on tests made in accordance with this specification shall
Stud assemblies shall be shipped color coded with paint
be reported to the manufacturer within five working days from
indicating the base rail type by width, thickness and length, and
the receipt of samples by the purchaser.
the number of headed studs and their diameter per rail type.
12.2 Material which does not meet the requirements of this
The color coding used for each assembly, which shall be
specification subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer’s
agreed upon in advance between the purchaser and manufac-
facilities shall be subject to rejection, and the manufacturer
turer, shall be shown in the shipping documents.
shall be promptly notified.
15.2 Each manufacturer shall identify the symbols of its
13. Rehearing marking system for headed studs.
13.1 Samples tested in accordance with this specification 15.3 All headed studs produced under this specification
which represent rejected material shall be preserved for two shall be identified by a distinguishing set of marks legibly
weeks from the date rejection is reported to the manufacturer. stamped onto the flat outer side of the head, away from the
In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the shank, to denote the manufacturer.
manufacturer shall make claim for a rehearing within that time. 15.4 The finished stud assembly shall be marked to identify
its manufacturer if different from the manufacturer of the
14. Documentation and Test Reports headed studs.
14.1 The manufacturer of headed studs shall provide a 15.5 For Government Procurement Only—When specified
certificate of compliance that the material conforms to this in the contract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct
specification and strengths as prescribed in Table 1. In addition, shipment to the U.S. government, material shall be preserved,
the manufacturer shall provide a certified mill test report for the packaged, and packed in accordance with the requirements of
material which was used to manufacture the headed studs and MIL-STD-163. The applicable levels shall be as specified in
base rail of the finished stud assembly. the contract. Marking for shipment of such material shall be in
14.2 A manufacturer’s product certificate shall accompany accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and
stud assemblies when they are shipped from the manufacturer’s MIL-STD-129 for military agencies.
facilities to the purchaser. The certificate shall include a
statement of compliance to this specification, copies of test 16. Keywords
reports required by 14.3 and 14.4, and a statement of compli- 16.1 base rail; concrete reinforcement; headed studs; shear
ance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M in the case of stud-welded rails. reinforcement; steel; stud assemblies

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 A 1044/A1044M – 05
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