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    Running Head: Testing Correlation and Bivariate Regression 1

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    Running Head: Testing Correlation and Bivariate Regression 1

    Uploaded by

    Juliet vuteme
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    GT06403

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    Running Head: Testing Correlation and Bivariate Regression 1

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    Juliet vuteme

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    Running head: TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 1

    Testing Correlation and Bivariate Regression

    Student’s Name

    Institutional Affiliation
    TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 2

    Testing Correlation and Bivariate Regression

    Pearson’s correlation allows the researchers to establish an association between two variables

    of interest. This statistic test method also enables the researchers to determine how a particular

    factor varies while changing another variable. This approach is advantageous because it uses the

    concept of covariance. Pearson’s correlation coefficients range from -1 to 1, where 0 indicates

    that there is no relationship between the variables under study. Pearson correlation assumes that

    the variables under consideration are continuous (Frankfort-Nachmias & Leon-Guerrero, 2017).

    Apart from that, the data should not have outliers and must be homoscedastic. Simple linear

    regression is another robust statistical tool that helps in testing the association between two

    variables. This method needs independent and dependent variables. The simple linear regression

    model assumes that the data used should be linear and homoscedastic.

    This assignment uses the Afrobarometer data to perform Pearson correlation and simple linear

    regression using SPSS statistical software. The variables chosen for this task are the current

    degree of democracy and the economic index in the countries featured. These variables are

    suitable for Pearson correlation since they are of the scale level of measurement (Wagner, 2019).

    The two factors, therefore, satisfy the continuous assumption of the Pearson correlation. The

    researcher can now continue to test the null hypothesis, which, in this case, states that the current

    level of democracy has a relationship with the economic index. The SPSS Pearson correction

    output is as follows:
    TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 3

    Correlations
    The current Handling of Economy Index

    level of (higher scores=higher satisfaction)

    democracy
    Pearson
    The current level of 1 .341**
    Correlation
    freedom Sig. (2-tailed) .000
    N 46940 42881
    Handling of Economy Pearson
    .341** 1
    Index (higher Correlation
    Sig. (2-tailed) .000
    scores=higher
    N 42881 45968
    satisfaction)
    At 0.01 level (2-tailed), the association is significant.
    This outcome gives a correlation coefficient of .341 between today’s level of democracy and

    the economic index. This statistic reflects that the two variables under study have a positive

    association. The p-value (.000) is less than 0.05. As a result, the researcher can conclude that

    with 95% confidence, the current level of democracy has a positive association with the index of

    the economy. This table also shows 99% significance under the 2-tailed test of the hypothesis.

    These results depict that if the government of a particular country ensures that there is a

    democracy, the economy will stabilize.

    The independent variable in this task is the level of democracy while handling the economic

    index is the dependent factor. The SPSS output of simple linear regression is as follows:

    Summary of design
    Design R R2 Adjusted R2 Estimation

    l standard error
    a
    1 .341 .116 .116 3.21903
    TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 4

    a. Predictors: (Constant), Current level of democracy


    The bivariate regression summary gives R= .341, which is the same as Pearson’s correlation

    coefficient. This value depicts a positive association between the variables. The R square (.116)

    gives the effect size (Laureate, 2019). This outcome, therefore, indicates that the simple linear

    regression model explains about 11.6% of the variances.

    ANOVA
    Design SS df MS F Sig.
    Regression 58373.656 1 58373.656 5633.339 .000b
    1 Residual 444319.748 42879 10.362
    Total 502693.404 42880
    a. Dependent Variable: Handling of Economy Index (higher scores=higher

    satisfaction)
    b. Predictors: (Constant), Current level of democracy
    The ANOVA table gives a p-value (.000), which is less than 0.05. This outcome indicates that

    the results are significant; hence, the researcher can interpret the R square. The researcher can,

    therefore, conclude that the two variables have a positive relationship at a 95% confidence level.

    Bivariate Regression Coefficientsa


    Design Un-normalized Normalized t Significance

    Coefficients Coefficients
    B Standard β

    error
    (Invariable) 7.228 .034 215.518 .000
    1 The current level of
    .406 .005 .341 75.056 .000
    democracy
    a. Dependent Variable: Handling of Economy Index (higher scores=higher satisfaction)
    This table indicates that the regression y-intercept is at 7.228. The un-standardized coefficient

    is .406. These results indicate the country’s economic index will grow by 0.406 as the democracy

    level increases. This output gives beta = .341, which is the same as Pearson’s correlation

    coefficient hence affirming the positive association (Laureate, 2019). These results are helpful in
    TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 5

    the development of the communities since the leaders can use the knowledge to promote

    democracy in their society. Leaders can also use the information towards the improvement of the

    economy.
    TESTING CORRELATION AND BIVARIATE REGRESSION 6

    References

    Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Leon-Guerrero, A. (2017). Social statistics for a diverse society. Sage

    Publications.

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2016b). Correlation and bivariate regression [Video file].

    Baltimore, MD: Author

    Wagner III, W. E. (2019). Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social

    science statistics. Sage Publications.

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