PART 1: MUTIPLE CHOICE. (1 point) 6.

A child jumps to the ground from the top of a

playground “jungle gym.” His leg bones do not
1. Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete
shatter mainly because they contain
hydrochloric acid?
a. an abundance of glycosaminoglycans
a. C cells
b. young, resilient osteocytes
b. osteocytes
c. an abundance of calcium phosphate
c. osteogenic cells
d. collagen fibers
d. osteoblasts
e. hydroxyapatite crystals
e. osteoclasts
7. One long bone meets another at its
2. Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common
descent, to a. Diaphysis
a. osteoprogenitor cells b. epiphyseal plate
b. osteogenic cells c. Periosteum
c. blood cells d. Metaphysis
d. fibroblasts e. epiphysis
e. Osteoblasts 8. Calcitriol is made from
3. The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain a. Calcitonin
a. myeloid tissue b. 7-dehydrocholestero
b. hyaline cartilage c. Hydroxyapatite
c. periosteum d. Estrogen
d. osteocytes e. PTH
e. articular cartilages 9. An uncomplicated fracture heals in about 8 to 12
weeks, but complex fractures take longer and all
4. The walls between cartilage lacunae break down
fractures heal more slowly in older people.
in the zone of
Below are the following stages of the healing
a. cell proliferation process of a bone fracture.
b. Calcification What is the correct order of healing bone
c. reserve cartilage fracture?

d. bone deposition i. Bone remodeling.

e. cell hypertrophy ii. Formation of a soft callus.

5. Which of these is not an effect of PTH? iii. Formation of hematoma and

granulation tissue.
a. rise in blood phosphate level
iv. Hard callus formation.
b. reduction of calcium excretion
a) i,ii,iii,iv
c. increased intestinal calcium absorption
b) iii, i, ii, iv
d. increased number of osteoclasts
c) iii, ii, iv, i
e. increased calcitriol synthesis
d) i, iii, ii, iv
 e) ii, iii, iv, i a. Cuboid
10. Which of these is not a paranasal sinus? b. Calcaneus
a. Frontal c. Navicular
b. Temporal d. trochlear
c. Sphenoid e. Talus
d. Ethmoid
e. Maxillary PART 2: TRUE OR FALSE. (2 points)
11. Which of these is a facial bone? 16. Bones develop from embryonic connective tissue
called mesenchyme.
a. Frontal
*True
b. Ethmoid
17. The flat cranial bones are composed of compact
c. Occipital
bone only, with no spongy bone.
d. Temporal *False, flat cranial bones have a middle layer of spongy bone
called the diploe.
e. Lacrimal
18. In endochondral ossification, bone tissue is
12. Alexl of the following are groups of vertebrae
formed by the calcification of pre-existing
except for , which is a spinal curvature.
cartilage.
a. Thoracic *False, cartilage is removed and replaced by bone, not
b. Cervical calcified and transformed into bone.

c. Lumbar 19. Fractures are the most common bone disorder.

*False, the most common bone disease is osteoporosis, not
d. Pelvic fractures.
e. Sacral 20. The growth zone of the long bones of
13. Thoracic vertebrae do not have adolescents is the articular cartilage.
*False, bones elongate at the epiphyseal plate, not the
a. transverse foramina
articular cartilage.
b. costal facets
21. Osteoclasts develop from osteoblasts.
c. spinous processes *False, osteoclasts develop from stem cells in the bone
marrow, not from osteoblasts.
d. transverse processes
22. Osteoblasts are multipotent stem cells.
e. pedicles
*False, osteoblasts give rise only to osteocytes and are
14. The bone that supports your body weight when therefore unipotent.
you are sitting down is
23. The protein of the bone matrix is called
a. the acetabulum hydroxyapatite.
b. the pubis *False, hydroxyapatite is the major mineral of bone; the major
protein is collagen.
c. the ilium
24. Osteocytes are nourished by blood capillaries in
d. the coccyx the canaliculi of the osteons.
e. the ischium *False, osteons have blood vessels in their central canals, not
in the canaliculi.
15. Which of these is the bone of the heel?
25. Vitamin D promotes bone deposition, not 37. The most active form of vitamin D, produced
resorption. mainly by the kidneys, is calcitriol.
*False, the major effect of vitamin D is bone resorption, 38. The transitional region between epiphyseal
though it also promotes deposition.
cartilage and the primary marrow cavity of a
26. Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone deposition young bone is called the metaphysis.
by osteoblasts.
39. Gaps between the cranial bones of an infant are
*False, parathyroid hormone indirectly promotes bone called fontanels.
resorption, not deposition.
40. Bones of the skull are joined along lines called
27. The hands have more phalanges than the feet. sutures.
*False, each hand and foot has 14 phalanges.
41. What is the study of bone? Osteology (4 points…
28. The female pelvis is wider and shallower than the HAHAHAHA)
male’s.
TOTAL POINTS = 75
*True

29. The lumbar vertebrae do not articulate with any

ribs and therefore do not have transverse
processes.
*False, the lumbar vertebrae have transverse processes but no
transverse costal facets

30. In strict anatomical terminology, the words arm

and leg both refer to regions with only one bone.
*False, arm refers to the region containing only the humerus;
leg refers to the region containing the tibia and fibula.

31. Sesamoid bones are found along the sutures

between cranial bones in some people.
*False, these extra bones in the cranium are called sutural
bones, not sesamoid bones

32. With aging, bone matrix is lost and the matrix

becomes more brittle.
*True

33. The wider epiphyses provide surface area for

muscle attachment and bone articulation.
*True

34. Narrowness of the diaphysis minimizes weight.

*True

PART 3: IDENTIFICATION. (3 points)

35. Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a
mineral called hydroxyapatite.
36. A bone increases in diameter only by
appositional growth, the addition of new surface
lamellae.