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Non-Linear Behaviour of CFST Columns at Elevated Temperature

under Monotonic loading using Finite Element Softwares
(Conventional Concrete & SCC infill)
Sushmitha .B1 & Athiq Ulla Khan2 & Dr. N.S. Kumar3
1M-tech (structural Engg), Dept. of civil Engg , GCE, Ramanagaram-562159
2Assistant professor,
Dept. of civil Engg , GCE, Ramanagaram-562159
3Professor & Director(R & D), Dept. of civil Engg , GCE, Ramanagaram-562159

Received: May 19, 2018 Accepted: June 29, 2018

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the Behaviour of Conventional & Self compacting Concrete Filled Steel
Tube (CFST) at elevated temperature under monotonic loading is investigated using finite element method (Ansys
version 16.0). The parameters chosen for the study are geometry of the specimen – circular section, different grades of
conventional and Self Compacting concrete infill, different L/D ratios, and different temperatures. The study includes
analytical investigation on a total of eighty-four specimens that includes twelve hollow and seventy-two specimens filled
with conventional & Self Compacting concrete of grades M20, M25, & M30. The specimens including three L/D ratio and
having a common thickness, which are subjected to different elevated temperature (30°C, 60°C, 90°C & 120°C) were
tested. The column strengths are obtained by conducting nonlinear analysis using ANSYS software. The analytical
results indicated that the load carrying capacity of CFS Tube decreases with increase in the temperature. The ultimate
load carrying capacity is higher for Self Compacting than conventional concrete filled tubes and the ultimate load
carrying capacity is higher for SCC filled tubes than the hollow tubes and higher for higher grade of SCC.
Keywords: Nonlinear Analysis, Buckling Analysis, Mode Shapes, Conventional Concrete, Self compacting Concrete.

INTRODUCTION
Concrete Filled steel tube (CFST) was used in the early 1900s. But till 1960s research on concrete filled steel
tube did not begin. Concrete Filled steel tube (CFST) are composite members consists steel tube in filled
with concrete materials. Concrete filled column are used in lateral resistance system of both braced and un
braced system of the building, commonly concrete filled steel tubes are used in bridges piers. Moreover,
Concrete filled steel tube column are used for strengthening the structure in earthquake zones. Concrete
Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) composite columns represent a class of structural systems, where the best
properties of steel and concrete are used to their maximum advantage. When employed under favorable
conditions the steel casing confines the core tri-axially creating a confinement for better seismic resistance
and the in-filled concrete inhibits the local buckling of the tubular shell.
Moreover, when compare with hollow steel tube, core concrete the concrete filled steel tube (CFST)
will give more compressive stability enormously concrete filled steel tube (CFST) will give more excellent
compressive resistance capacity, ductility and energy dissipation ability owning to be confining effect
provided by steel tube.
Benefits of using CFST columns: Composite segment joins the benefits of both basic steel and cement, to
be specific the pace of development, quality, and light weight steel, and the characteristic mass, firmness,
damping, and economy of cement. The steel outline serves as the erection casing to finish the development
of whatever remains of the structure. In this way enhancing pliability, Furlong reasons that the solid infill
delays the neighborhood clasping of the steel tube. Notwithstanding, no expansion in solid quality because
of repression by steel tube was watched.
Brief Description of Software’s used: Finite element method considers being the best tool for analyzing
the structures lately, many software's uses this technique for analyzing and creating. For finite factor
evaluation and computer aided design field one of the programs is suitable i. e. ALTAIR HYPERMESH was
found in 1985 by James R Scapa, George Christ & Mark Kistner, ANSYS was founded in 1970 by John A.
Swanson as *Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc*(SASI) for structural design software for bridges and other civil
structures. The 3D hollow and concrete filled steel conduit columns are created in the software and then
analyzed for buckling and mode shapes under failure are generated.
Finite Element Modeling: SOLID45 is used for the 3-D modeling of CFST for both steel and concrete. It is
3-D structural solid element which is defined by 8-noded having 3 degree of freedom at node; translations
in -the nodal x, y & z directions. NEWTON-RAPHSON method is chosen for running programe as 3-D non

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linear transient thermal analysis in Ansys software. Conventional & Self compacting concrete filled in the
CFST column are accurately model in finite element software Hyper mesh & exported to Ansys for analysis
and compared with experimental results and codes of practice.
2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND CONTITUTIVE MODELS
Steel: Steel tube is modeled as elastic-perfectly plastic with von mises yield criterion. Due to steel tube is
subjected to multiple stresses and therefore the stress-strain curve crosses elastic limit and reaches in
plastic region. The nonlinear behavior of steel tube is obtained from uniaxial tension test and used in steel
modeling. In this analysis Poisson's ratio, density and young’s modulus are taken as μ=0.3, ∫=7860kg/m3
and Es=210000MPa, respectively.
Conventional Concrete: A rational mix design method of Conventional concrete using a variety of
materials is necessary. Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate content in concrete is fixed at 50% & 40% percent
of the mortar volume.
Self Compacting Concrete: A rational mix design method of Self compacting concrete using a variety of
materials is necessary. Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate content in concrete is fixed at 50% & 40% percent
of the mortar volume.

Figure 1: Equivalent stress-strain curves for confined and unconfined concrete

Material Model of Concrete: In order to understand concrete behavior in the finite element model, a
nonlinear stress-strain diagram for confined concrete should be establish. The equivalent stress-strain
curve for confined and unconfined concrete under compressive loading. This is used in proposed FE model.
The properties of material shown in figure 1 is used to define the nonlinear behavior of concrete under
confinement. This is defined as follows. The stress strain curve is divided into 3 parts namely elastic part
(Linear), Elasto-Plastic part and Perfectly Plastic (nonlinear).
Table 1: Properties of Material
Properties Steel Conventional Self Compacting
concrete Concrete
Density (ƪ) 7860 kg/m3 2200 to 2600 kg/m3 2400kg/m3
Poison ratio ( V) 0.3 0.17 0.18
Young’s modulus 22360.7 (M20)
(E) 210000 MPa 25386.12 (M25) 25000 MPa
27386.12 (M30)MPa
Table 2: Geometric Properties of CC & SCC
Case L(mm) D(mm) t (mm) L/D D/t
215.8 26.9 3.2 8 8.40
Hallow tube 404.4 33.7 3.2 12 10.53
678.4 42.4 3.2 16 13.25
M20 215.8 26.9 3.2 8 8.40
404.4 33.7 3.2 12 10.53
678.4 42.4 3.2 16 13.25
M25 215.8 26.9 3.2 8 8.40
404.4 33.7 3.2 12 10.53
678.4 42.4 3.2 16 13.25
M30 215.8 26.9 3.2 8 8.40
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404.4 33.7 3.2 12 10.53
678.4 42.4 3.2 16 13.25

3. MODELING PROCEDURE AND ANALYSIS IN HYPERMESH AND ANSYS

Figure 1: Set the Hyper mesh interface for Ansys User profile.

Figure 2: Hollow tube meshing by creating component, property & material and by assigning property to
component and material to property

Figure 3: CFST meshing by creating component, property & material and by assigning property to
component and material to property

Figure 4: Applying Boundary Condition at Bottom Nodes

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Figure 5: Applying load at top nodes

Figure 6: Exporting to Ansys from Hyper Mesh as a Solver Deck

Figure 7: Read input from .cdb exported file

Figure 8: Applying temperature

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4. BTAINING RESULTS MODE SHAPES AND LOAD CALCULATION

Figure 9: Linear Static and buckling analysis were done and the contour plot of Hollow tube is obtained.

Figure 10: Deformed shape of CFST after linear analysis

Figure 11 : Non-Linear behavior of Hallow Tube

Figure 12 : Non-Linear behavior of CFST Column

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Table 3: Result obtained from analytical investigation for L=215.8mm

L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) L/D case Temp(°C Pu(KN)

)
30 112
215.8 26.9 3.2 8 Hollow 60 90
90 83
120 76

L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) case Temp(° Pu(KN) Pu(KN)

C) cc scc
M20 153 156
215.8 26.9 3.2 M25 30 174 174
M30 188 190
M20 144 147
21.8 26.9 3.2 M25 60 159 160
M30 165 166
M20 137 137
215.8 26.9 3.2 M25 90 151 154
M30 155 156
M20 128 129
215.8 26.9 3.2 M25 120 141 142
M30 148 150

Table 4: Result obtained from analytical investigation for L=404.4mm

L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) L/D case Temp(°C Pu(KN)
)
30 102
404.4 33.7 3.2 12 Hallow 60 82
90 78
120 74

L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) case Temp(°C Pu(KN Pu(KN)

) ) scc
cc
M20 147 149
404.4 33.7 3.2 M25 30 167 169
M30 181 182
M20 136 138
404.4 33.7 3.2 M25 60 145 147
M30 154 157
M20 131 134
404.4 33.7 3.2 M25 90 140 142
M30 147 149
M20 124 125
404.4 33.7 3.2 M25 120 133 136
M30 141 144
Table 5: Result obtained from analytical investigation for L=678.4mm
L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) case Temp(°C) Pu(KN)
30 92
678.4 42.4 3.2 Hallow 60 79
90 72
120 65

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L(mm) D(mm) t(mm) case Temp(°C) Pu(KN) Pu(KN)
CC SCC
M20 140 143
678.4 42.4 3.2 M25 30 159 162
M30 169 172
M20 128 130
678.4 42.4 3.2 M25 60 140 141
M30 149 151
M20 123 125
678.4 42.4 3.2 M25 90 130 131
M30 137 138
M20 117 120
678.4 42.4 3.2 M25 120 121 123
M30 127 127

Figure 13: Load vs Temperature

Figure14: Load vs L/D Ratio

Figure 15: Temperature vs Grade

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Figure 16: Load vs deflection

Figure 17: stiffness vs temperature

Figure 18: strength index vs axial load

5. CONCLUSION

1) The ultimate load carrying capacity of CFS tube is higher at room temperature and decreases with
increase in temperature (60°C, 90°C, and 120° C).
2) The ultimate load carrying capacity of CFST decreases by 5-10% for each rise in temperature and
decreases by 10-15% for hollow tubes.
3) When SCC, CC filled steel columns and hollow tubes subjected to elevated temperature, SCC and CC
carry higher ultimate load than the hollow tubes. For CC & SCC filled steel tube the ultimate load is
about 13-20% higher than the hollow tubes.
4) The local buckling is delayed in Concrete filled Steel Tube compared to hollow tubes.

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5) With increase in grade of concrete, the ultimate load also increases marginally by 4-5%. Thus, the
load verses deflection curve is shifted higher for higher grades of CC & SCC.
6) As L/D ratio increases, the load carrying capacity 0f the composite tube decreases by 4%-10%.
7) The ultimate load carrying capacity of SSC filled steel tubes is higher compare to the CC filled steel
tube.
8) With increase in temperature, the stiffness of the concrete filled steel tubes will decrease.
9) Stiffness of CFS tubes increases with increase in different grade of concrete.
10) Strength index of concrete filled steel tubes decreases with increase in Temperature.
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