CAT Lubricants Guide

SEBU6400-05
November 2010
Cat Gas Engine Lubricant, Fuel, and

Coolant Recommendations
Special Publication
SAFETY.CAT.COM
i03991620
Important Safety Information

Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe
basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous
situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also
have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings
are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as
“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.
The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
A non-exhaustive list of operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels
on the product and in this publication.
Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must
not use this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first
satisfying yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the
operation of the product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions
applicable to the worksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not
specifically recommended by Caterpillar is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you
and for others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or become unsafe by
the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that you intend to use.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that
was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you
start any job. Cat dealers have the most current information available.
When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Cat re-
placement parts or parts with equivalent speci-
fications including, but not limited to, physical
dimensions, type, strength and material.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to prema-

ture failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.
SEBU6400-05 3
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Foreword ................................................................. 4
Maintenance Section
Lubricant Specifications .......................................... 6
Fuel Specifications ................................................ 28
Cooling System Specifications ............................. 35
Reference Information Section

Reference Materials .............................................. 43
Index Section
Index ..................................................................... 45
4 SEBU6400-05
Foreword
Foreword Refer to the applicable Operation and Maintenance

Manual for standard oil drain periods and to the
Maintenance Section, “Lubricant Specifications” of
Literature Information this publication for engine oil type and viscosity grade
recommendations.
This manual should be stored in the literature storage
area. To reduce the potential risk of failures associated
with extended oil drain periods; it is recommended
The information contained in this document is the that oil drain intervals only be extended based on oil
most current information available for coolants, analysis, and subsequent engine inspections. Oil
fuels, and lubricants. Refer to the Operation and analysis alone does not provide an indication of the
Maintenance Manual for any special lubrication rate of formation of lacquer, varnish and/or carbon on
requirements for your engine. pistons and other engine surfaces. The only accurate
way to evaluate specific oil performance in a specific
Whenever a question arises regarding the engine, engine and application that utilizes extended oil
this publication, or the Operation and Maintenance drain periods is to observe the effects on the engine
Manual, please consult any Caterpillar dealer for the components. This involves tear-down inspections
latest available information. of engines that have run to their normal overhaul
period with extended oil drain intervals. Following
Safety this recommendation will help ensure that excessive
component wear does not take place in a given
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual application.
for your engine for all safety information. Read and
understand the basic safety precautions listed in the NOTICE
Safety Section. In addition to safety precautions, Light loads, low hour accumulation, and excessive
this section identifies the text and locations of safety idling time can contribute to excessive water in the
signs used on the engine. crankcase oil. Corrosive damage, piston deposits and
increased oil consumption can also result. If oil analy-
Read and understand the basic precautions listed in sis is not done or the results are ignored, the potential
the Safety Section before operating or performing for corrosive damage and piston deposits increases.
lubrication, maintenance and repair on this engine. Refer to the appropriate Operation and Maintenance
Manual for guidance.
Maintenance
Note: Failures that result from extended oil drain
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual
periods are not warrantable failures, regardless of
for your engine to determine all maintenance
use of this recommended procedure. Failures that
requirements.
result from extended engine oil drain periods are
considered improper use under the warranty.
Maintenance Intervals
Use the Maintenance Interval Schedule in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual for your
engine to determine servicing intervals. The actual
operating environment of the engine also governs
the maintenance interval schedule. Therefore,
under extremely severe, dusty, wet or freezing cold
operating conditions, more frequent lubrication and
maintenance than is specified in the Maintenance
Interval Schedule may be necessary.
Extended Engine Oil Drains and Warranty

Failures that result from extended oil drain periods
are not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore are
not covered by Caterpillar's warranty. In addition,
failures that result from not using the recommended
oil type are not Caterpillar factory defects and
therefore are not covered by Caterpillar's warranty.
SEBU6400-05 5
Foreword
Aftermarket Products and Warranty
NOTICE
When auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables
(filters, oil, additives, catalysts, fuel, etc.) made by
other manufacturers are used on Caterpillar prod-
ucts, the Caterpillar warranty is not affected simply
because of such use. Failures that result from the
installation or usage of other manufacturers auxiliary
devices, accessories or consumables, however, are
not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore are NOT
covered by Caterpillar's warranty.
Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the many

auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables pro-
moted by other manufacturers and their effect on
Caterpillar products. Installation or use of such items
is at the discretion of the customer who assumes ALL
risks for the effects that result from this usage.
Furthermore, Caterpillar does not authorize the use of

its trade name, trademark, or logo in a manner which
implies our endorsement of these aftermarket prod-
ucts.
6 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Lubricant Specifications
Maintenance Section
NOTICE
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or perfor-
mance of non-Caterpillar fluids.
Engine Oil
i03115441
General Lubricant Information Engine oil performs several functions:
SMCS Code: 0645; 1000; 1300; 1348; 7581 • Keeping the engine clean
• Preventing rust and corrosion
NOTICE
Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up to date • Acting as a coolant
information. By use of this document you agree that
Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors or omis- • Reducing friction and wear
sions. The information that is provided are the latest
recommendations for Cat gas engines. This informa- Engines that use gaseous fuel require oils that are
tion supersedes all previous recommendations which formulated with additives that are specific to these
have been published for Cat gas engines. Special flu- engines. There are no industry standards that define
ids may be required for some engines and it will be the performance specifications of oils for these
necessary to continue to use these special products. engines. Field evaluations must be used in order
Refer to the applicable Operation and Maintenance to determine oils that are acceptable. To aid in oil
Manual. selection, guidelines are provided in this Special
Publication.
This publication is a supplement to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual. This Special Publication Hydraulic Oil
does not replace the machine specific Operation and
Maintenance Manual. For information on hydraulic oil, see this Special
Publication, “Hydraulic Oil” topic.
NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change with-
out notice. Consult your local Caterpillar dealer for the
Lubricating Grease
most up to date recommendations.
For information on grease, see this Special
Publication, “Lubricating Grease” topic.
Note: Instructions for the installation of the filter are
printed on the side of each Cat spin-on filter. For
i03115460
non-Cat filters, refer to the installation instructions
that are provided by the supplier of the filter. Engine Oil
NOTICE SMCS Code: 1348
Faulty engine coolant temperature regulators, or op-
erating with light loads, short operation cycles, exces- The following costs are associated with maintenance
sive idling, or operating in applications where normal of the engine lubrication system:
operating temperature is seldom reached can con-
tribute to excessive water in the crankcase oil. Corro- • Initial fill
sive damage, piston deposits, increased oil consump-
tion, and other damage can result. If a complete oil • Consumption
analysis program is not followed or if the results are ig-
nored, the potential for damage increases. Follow en- • Analysis of the engine oil
gine warmup recommendations provided in this Spe-
cial Publication and/or given in your engine Operation • Replacement of the engine oil and engine oil filter
and Maintenance Manual.
• Disposal of the used engine oil
NOTICE
Refer to the engine Operation and Maintenance
Manual for any lubricant information that may be
specific to that application.
SEBU6400-05 7
Maintenance Section
Maintaining the engine lubrication system is usually Cat NGEO products have been tested throughout the
between 10 and 20 percent of the total cost of world in demanding environments and have been
the engine maintenance. This percentage can be tested in engines that use all types of gaseous fuel.
affected by the type of fuel, the engine duty cycle, Cat NGEO products are formulated and blended
and the maintenance practices. with special additives and high quality basestocks
in order to provide protection against oxidation and
The temperature of the cooling system, extended nitration and to provide very good thermal stability.
operation at light loads, and the condition of The formulations of these oils have been proven to
the engine (wear) have an effect on the rate of be superior to many brands of available oil.
consumption and on the engine oil service life.
Cat NGEO products also provide the following
Maintenance costs can be greatly increased by the benefits:
wrong engine oil. Inadequate lubrication that destroys
moving parts causes expensive unscheduled down • Reduction of the formation of carbon and sludge
time. The following problems can result from the use
of incorrect engine oil: • Resistance to foaming
• Buildup of varnish (glazing) in the cylinder liners • Protection against cylinder liner wear
• Damage to bearings • Protection of valves and of valve seats
• Deposits on the valves that can lead to guttering of • Improved cleanliness of pistons
the valves
• Protection against scoring of the pistons and
• Oil coking in the turbocharger scuffing of the pistons
• Piston rings and valves that stick Table 1 lists the oil properties of Cat gas engine
oils. The properties are based on ASTM test
In order to achieve the lowest maintenance costs for specifications.
the lubrication system, use the recommended and
preferred Cat natural gas engine oils.
Cat natural gas engine oils have been developed

and tested in order to provide the full performance
and service life that has been designed and built into
Cat natural gas engines. Cat oils are currently used
to fill engines at the factory. These oils are offered
by Caterpillar dealers for continued use when the
engine oil is changed. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
for more information on these oils.
Due to the significant variations in the quality and

in the performance of commercially available oils,
Caterpillar makes the following recommendations, in
order of oil performance:
• Cat Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO) EL350

• Cat Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO) EL250
• Cat Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO)
Cat natural gas engine oils are the preferred oils for
use in ALL Cat natural gas fueled engines that are
covered by this Special Publication. Commercial
alternative natural gas engine oils are, as a group,
second choice oils.
Cat natural gas engine oils are formulated with the

correct amounts of additives in order to provide
superior performance in Cat natural gas engines.
8 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Table 1
Cat NGEO SAE 40 Viscosity Grade Properties
Characteristic ASTM Test Cat NGEO Cat EL250 Cat EL350
API Gravity at 16.0 ° C
“D0287” 28 27.5 29.3
(60.8 ° F)
Flash Point 0 ° C
“D0092” 252 262 247
(32 ° F)
Pour Point 0 ° C (32 ° F) “D0097” −15 −12 −21
Viscosity (cSt) at
“D0445” 13.2 13.5 13.5
100 °C (212 °F)
Viscosity Index “D2270” 98 99 97
Weight (Percent) of
“D0874” 0.52 0.57 0.54
Sulfated Ash
Total Base Number “D2896” 5.6 6.5 6.2
Engine Oil and Sour Gas Fuels Lube oils that are specifically designed for
applications that use bio-gas are recommended.
Many gaseous fuels contain sulfur compounds. These oils should have a concentration of sulfated
These compounds are primarily composed of ash that is not greater than 0.6 percent. When
hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Gaseous fuels with less than possible, these oils should also be formulated with
0.43 mg H2S/MJ (.45 µg H2S/Btu) are considered to Group II base stock. Group II base stocks have been
be sweet gas. shown to provide reduced engine deposit buildup.
The use of a lube oil with a high concentration of
Gaseous fuels with more than 0.43 mg H2S/MJ sulfated ash will result in excessive deposits in the
(.45 µg H2S/Btu) are considered to be sour gas. combustion chamber. Because of the inconsistent,
Sour gas can reduce the service life of an engine variable composition of most bio-gas fuels, the lube
and of the engine oil. When the sulfur compounds oil may react differently to the composition of a
are combined with water, acids are produced in particular fuel. Use the S·O·S oil analysis program to
the engine oil. These acids attack the metals in the determine the proper oil change interval.
engine crankcase and in other components. This
causes corrosive wear. To reduce the effects of these For new installations, sample the oil frequently
sulfur compounds, Caterpillar recommends the use in order to establish a consistent program for oil
of devices that treat the fuel. For further information, changes. Initially, sample the oil on a daily basis.
see this Special Publication, “Hydrogen Sulfide The properties of landfill gas can change rapidly.
Effects on Engine Maintenance Costs” in the Fuel Therefore, it is necessary to continue to monitor the
Specifications section. oil on a weekly basis or two times per month in order
to ensure adequate protection.
Note: Caterpillar does NOT recommend the use
of engine oils with a high concentration of sulfated Consult your local Caterpillar dealer for a
ash (greater than 0.6 percent) in order to reduce recommendation for lube oil for your bio-gas
the harmful effects of sour gas. High levels of application.
sulfated ash (greater than 0.6 percent) may produce
excessive deposits on the valves and on the turbine
wheel of the turbocharger. These deposits will reduce
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis
the service life of the engine. These deposits will also
Caterpillar recommends the S·O·S oil analysis
increase the cost of maintenance.
program in order to monitor the condition of the oil.
The analysis can help determine the maintenance
Engine Oil and Bio-Gas Fuels requirements for the engine. The S·O·S program is
part of the preventive maintenance program. For
Bio-gas fuels that are generated from landfill or further information about the S·O·S program, see this
digester gas power plants can include contaminants Special Publication, “S·O·S Services Oil Analysis”
that react with the engine lube oil. This can create topic.
varied combustion deposits. Excessive deposits on
the piston, the liner, and the cylinder head can occur
if the oil is not properly matched for the application.
Laquering of the liner may also occur.
SEBU6400-05 9
Maintenance Section
i03115825 i03115827
Commercial Oils Field Evaluation of Commercial

SMCS Code: 1318; 1348 Oil
SMCS Code: 1348
Commercial oil specifications do not exist for
Cat engines that operate on gaseous fuels. The
Due to the significant variations in the quality and
performance of lubrication oil for gas engines is
in the performance of commercially available oils,
determined by a field evaluation. Successful field
operation has been achieved with oils that meet the Caterpillar makes the following recommendations, in
order of oil performance:
following guidelines:
• Caterpillar recommends the use of oils that are • Cat NGEO (Natural Gas Engine Oil) EL350 (SAE
40)
formulated specifically for heavy-duty gas engines.
Do not use oils that are specially formulated for
gasoline engines or for diesel engines. • Cat NGEO (Natural Gas Engine Oil) EL250 (SAE
40)
• Caterpillar does not recommend multigrade oils
for use in gas engines. • Cat NGEO (Natural Gas Engine Oil) (SAE 40)
Cat natural gas engine oils are the preferred oils for
• Caterpillar recommends the use of oils that have use in ALL Cat natural gas fueled engines that are
a sulfated ash content between 0.40 and 0.60
covered by this Special Publication. Commercial
percent.
alternative natural gas engine oils are, as a group,
second choice oils.
• The oil must demonstrate adequate protection for a
minimum of 7000 hours in a field evaluation under
Cat natural gas engine oils are formulated with
controlled conditions.
the correct amounts of additives and high quality
basestock in order to provide superior performance
7000 Hour Field Performance in Cat natural gas engines.
Evaluation Caterpillar Inc. is frequently approached by engine
Caterpillar recommends oils for gas engines that owners and/or oil companies that wish to qualify
meet the requirements of the 7000 hour field an oil for use in gas engines. Caterpillar does not
evaluation. The 7000 hours of field service must be recommend the names of other commercial brands
documented. Standard and/or Low Emission engine of lube oils. However, Caterpillar will evaluate the
configurations may be used for the evaluation. The results of the Field Performance Evaluation for
field evaluation must be performed in an engine commercial brands of lube oils. The evaluation can
configuration that is similar to the engine that will use verify that the oil meets the minimum lubrication
the oil that is proposed. The field evaluation must be requirements that are recommended by Caterpillar.
performed at a power level that is at least equal to Caterpillar has established the following guidelines
the power that is required by the engine that will use for the Field Performance Evaluation of lube oil in
the oil that is proposed. gas engines. These guidelines are applicable to the
engines that use the following fuels: dry natural gas,
Field evaluations may identify commercial brands of sour gas, and bio-gas.
oil with successful results. Caterpillar will not endorse
a commercial brand of oil because of the results. The Operating Conditions for the Field
oil company can use the results of the field evaluation
as a proof of the oil performance. The oil company
Performance Evaluation
is responsible for the performance and the quality
of the oil, and for any changes in the formulation of Duration – The minimum number of operating hours
for a G3300, G3400, G3500, and G3600 is 7000
the oil. Before purchasing a lubrication oil for a gas
hours.
engine, discuss the claims of performance for the oil
with the oil supplier.
Load Factor – The load factor must be
representative of the normal engine application at the
For additional details on the 7000 hour Field
Performance Evaluation, refer to this Special site. High load factors are preferred.
Publication, “Field Evaluation of Commercial Oil”
topic.
10 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Lube Oil – The oil must meet the requirements for Parts Requirements – If a new engine is used for
the oil properties that are described in this Special the Field Performance Evaluation, all of the engine
Publication, “Engine Oil” topic. The oil must also meet cylinders must be inspected with a borescope during
the requirement for the formulation for gaseous fuel the final inspection. The cylinder that shows the
and the requirement for 0.40 to 0.60% sulfated ash worst deposits or wear and the cylinder that shows
that are described in the “Commercial Oils” topic. average deposits or wear must be used for the visual
inspection. If a used engine is used to evaluate the
Oil Analysis – Caterpillar recommends the S·O·S oil, two new sets of these components must be
Services oil analysis program. Alternate oil analysis installed before the Field Performance Evaluation:
programs must measure oil condition and wear pistons, piston rings, cylinder liners, and cylinder
metals. Used oil samples must be obtained for heads. These new components will be examined
analysis at 250 hour intervals. A baseline analysis of during the final inspection.
the new oil should also be obtained.
Final Inspection – At the end of the Field
Oil Change Interval – The oil change interval is Performance Evaluation, these components from two
determined by condemning limits that are established cylinders must be removed and inspected:
by Caterpillar. The limits are based on analysis of
the used oil and the trend lines that are established. • Pistons
For typical oil change intervals, see this Special
Publication, “Oil Change Interval” topic. • Piston rings
Fuel Analysis – An analysis of the fuel must • Cylinder liners
be provided by an independent laboratory at the
beginning of the Field Performance Evaluation. • Cylinder heads
The results from the gas analysis must meet the
guidelines of the engine models. For the guidelines, None of the following conditions are acceptable:
see this Special Publication, “Fuel Specifications”
section. • Sticking of the piston rings
Criteria for the Evaluation • Scuffing of the piston rings and/or cylinder liners
Oil Consumption – The oil consumption must not • Excessive wear of the piston rings
exceed two times the initial oil consumption during
the Field Performance Evaluation. The initial oil • Polishing of the cylinder liner bore must be confined
to the area that is affected by the uppermost
consumption is established during the first 1000
position of the top piston ring.
hours of operation with the oil that is being evaluated.
Valve Recession – The valves and the valve seats • The entire circumferences of the inlet valves and
the exhaust valves must seal.
wear over time. This causes the valves to recede
into the cylinder head. This condition is called “valve
recession”. Measure the valve recession at the • Guttering of the valves is not acceptable.
engine commissioning. This measurement is the
baseline. The baseline is a reference for subsequent Close up photographs that show the wear and
deposits must be taken in order to document the
measurements. Measure the valve recession
appearance of these components: pistons, piston
according to the engine Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”. The rings, cylinder liners, crankcase, top deck of the
cylinder head, bottom deck of the cylinder head,
valve recession must not exceed the limits that are
inlet valves, and exhaust valves (bottom, face,
established for the engine by Caterpillar. Refer to the
engine Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Valve and stem). In addition, two exhaust valve guides
must be removed from two cylinders and sectioned
Stem Projection - Measure/Record” topic for the
lengthwise. Photographs that show the entire
limits for the valve recession.
component must also be provided.
SEBU6400-05 11
Maintenance Section
Summary – This procedure for a field evaluation Oil and Fuel Analysis – During the evaluation, the
provides the oil company and the engine owner oil company should pay for the cost of the oil and
with a method of evaluating a lubricating oil for gas fuel analyses. The oil samples should be analyzed
engines. If the oil meets these guidelines for the by a Cat S·O·S Services regional lab or by the local
field evaluation, the oil has fulfilled the Caterpillar Caterpillar dealer in the S·O·S Services program. The
requirements. Caterpillar will not endorse any oil for data that is obtained from the oil analyses must be
use in Cat gas engines as a result of field evaluation. plotted in order to establish trends. The fuel should
The oil company can use the evaluation as proof of be analyzed by an independent laboratory. Results of
performance. the oil and fuel analyses must be sent to the engine
owner. The owner should review the data. Also, the
owner should keep records of the data.
Responsibilities
Care must be taken in order to define the Hardware – If the oil is evaluated in a used engine,
two new sets of these components must be installed
responsibilities of each person that is involved
before the Field Performance Evaluation:
in the Field Performance Evaluation. The oil
company and the engine owner must recognize the
responsibilities if the performance of the oil reduces • pistons
the service life of the engine. Caterpillar recommends
specific definitions of the responsibilities for the • piston rings
oil company and the engine owner in a field
evaluation. An agreement should be made before • connecting rod bearings
the field evaluation is initiated. Both the oil company
and the engine owner must understand that the • cylinder liners
Field Performance Evaluation is not monitored by
Caterpillar. The field evaluation is not sponsored by • cylinder heads
Caterpillar.
The cost should be covered by the oil company.
These new components will be examined as part of
Field Performance Evaluation Agreement the final inspection.
The Field Performance Evaluation agreement is Final Inspection – The cost of the final inspection
between the engine owner and the oil company. should be paid by the oil company. If the final
The agreement is a very important part of the inspection reveals severe deposits and/or damage
field evaluation. The completion and signing of the to the hardware, the oil company must make the
agreement should occur before the initiation of the repairs that are necessary for restoring the engine to
field evaluation. The agreement must fully define an acceptable condition.
the field evaluation and the responsibilities of each
party. This publication contains the information and End of the Evaluation – After completion of the
guidelines that are necessary to write a detailed Field Performance Evaluation, the oil company
agreement. The initial field evaluation involves some should work with the engine owner in order to
risk. Use of the guidelines will minimize the risk. restore the engine to normal operation. If the Field
If the guidelines are followed, the probability of a Performance Evaluation is not completed, the same
successful field evaluation will be enhanced. conditions should be applicable. The oil company
should bear the cost of the restoration. This could
Responsibilities of the Oil Company include the cost for the removal of storage tanks,
special piping, flow meters, and instrumentation.
Performance – The performance of the oil is the
responsibility of the oil company. The oil must Final Report – The oil company must prepare a final
maintain stable oil control and the oil must control report that documents the following items:
deposits in the combustion chamber and in the
crankcase. Engine service life must be maintained • The data on oil consumption must be recorded on
at the predicted stage for the particular engine a minimum schedule of every two weeks. A chart
application. of the data must be included in the final report.
Supply – The supply of the oil is the responsibility • Results of the oil analysis must be plotted.
of the oil company. If special storage and/or shipping
is required, the oil company should cover the cost • Oil changes
of those items.
• Replacement of the oil filters
• Results of fuel analysis
12 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
• A histogram for fuel consumption or a histogram Final Inspection – Under some circumstances,
for power output Caterpillar is asked to assist with the inspection. This
is evaluated on an individual basis. The decision
• A histogram for average engine speed depends on the availability of personnel and on the
amount of technical interest.
• The typical duty cycle
Note: All associated travel, meals, and lodging are
• Valve recession at the expense of the oil company.
• Side clearance for the piston ring Guidelines for the Use of A
• Valve guide to valve stem clearances Proven Lubricant In Other Engines
(Interchanging)
• Close up photographs of the following components
from two cylinders must also be included: pistons, Interchanging – The information that is obtained
piston rings before removal and after removal, from most field evaluations will be applicable to other
piston ring grooves after removal, cylinder liners, gas engines at other sites. However, guidelines must
crankcase, top deck of the cylinder head, bottom be established in order to limit the application of a
deck of the cylinder head, inlet valves (top and lubricant that has been evaluated. This is for the
bottom), and exhaust valves (top and bottom). protection of the engine and the engine owner. The
limit on the application of the lubricant is defined as
The final report should be confidential. The final interchanging.
report must be made available to the engine owner
and to Caterpillar,Inc.. The interchanging of the lubricant is limited by these
factors:
Responsibilities of the Engine Owner
Engine for the Evaluation – The owner must

• The oil viscosity grade
provide access to the engine for the duration of the
Field Performance Evaluation. Special piping and
• The base stock of the oil
instrumentation may be attached to the engine for
the duration of the field evaluation.
• The engine configuration
Operation and Maintenance – Daily operation and

• The engine rating
maintenance of the engine is the responsibility of the
owner. Operation and maintenance of the engine
• The engine application
must follow the guidelines that are published by
Caterpillar in the engine Operation and Maintenance
• The engine load factor
Manual. The daily records of this activity should be
made available to the oil company.
• The fuel type
Oil Samples and Fuel Samples – Oil samples and Oil Viscosity Grade
fuel samples will be collected by the owner. The
samples will be sent to the appropriate laboratory The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
for analysis. by the minimum ambient temperature during
cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
Caterpillar Responsibilities temperature during engine operation. To determine
the oil viscosity that is required for starting a cold
Advisory – Caterpillar will not assume an active soaked engine, refer to the minimum temperature in
function in the field evaluation. However, Caterpillar Table 2. To select the oil viscosity for operation at the
will provide technical advice and guidance to the highest anticipated ambient temperature, refer to the
parties that are involved. Caterpillar understands that maximum temperature in Table 2. Use the highest
this function does not satisfy all of the situations that oil viscosity that is available in order to meet the
may arise in a field evaluation. Therefore, technical required temperature during start up. The oils that
judgments may be required for the initiation of some have the higher oil viscosity will maintain the highest
evaluations. possible oil film thickness.
To provide assistance with the Field Performance

Evaluation, your Caterpillar dealer or district
representative can consult the appropriate technical
support personnel at Caterpillar Inc.
SEBU6400-05 13
Maintenance Section
Table 2 Oil that has viscosity index of 95 or more contains

Engine Oil Viscosity
paraffinic base stock. If the viscosity index of different
shipments of a particular oil increases or decreases
Oil Viscosity Ambient Temperature by more the 5, the base stock could have been
Grade Minimum Maximum
significantly changed. If this occurs, the oil company
should be questioned regarding the source and
SAE 30 0 °C (32 °F) 40 °C (104 °F) quality of the base stock.
SAE 40 5 °C (41 °F) 50 °C (122 °F)
API base oil classification – The API has divided
base stocks into five groups. The groups are identified
Note: Cat NGEO oils are available in SAE 40 grade by the viscosity index and by chemical composition.
only. Multigrade oils are NOT recommended The different groups provide different performance
for use in Cat Gas Engines. If other grades of in the finished lubricants. The interchanging of base
viscosity are selected, ensure that the oil meets stocks between those groups is NOT recommended.
the requirements for Cat Gas Engines. Consult The API base stock group cannot be easily detected
the supplier of the oil. in the finished lubricant. Therefore, the oil company
must inform the customer about the type of base
Note: In G3600 engines, only SAE 40 is stock in the finished lubricant. The oil company must
recommended. Also, when the ambient temperature also inform the customer if the base stock is changed
is 10 °C (50 °F) or less, an oil heater is recommended. to a different API base stock group.
Base Stock of the Oil The oil company must accept the responsibility for
the performance of the finished oil. This responsibility
Finished lubricants are made of base stocks and includes the additives and the base stocks. Any
additives. Properly blended lubricants will have base significant changes to the composition of the finished
stocks and additives that work together in order to oil must be reported to the customer in order for the
consistently provide the following qualities: adequate risk to be evaluated.
control of deposits, adequate control of wear,
adequate service life of the oil, stability to oxidation Engine Configuration
and nitration, and resistance to corrosion.
Lube oil cannot be interchanged between engines
The quality and performance of a base stock depends that use different types of fuel.
on the source of the crude oil and the process that is
used to produce the base stock. The performance of Lube oil that is evaluated in G3500 Series Low
the base stock can have a significant effect on the Emissions Engines may also be used in G3300,
performance of the finished lubricant. A responsible G3400, and G3500 engines.
oil company closely controls the quality of the base
stock by testing the oil in laboratories and in engines. Lube oil for G3600 Series Engines must be evaluated
Through careful testing, the oil company can identify in a G3600 Series Engine.
base stocks that provide similar performance levels.
Lube oil that is evaluated in G3400 Series or G3300
Because of the complex chemistry that is involved Series Engines may ONLY be used in G3400 Series
with the evaluation of base stocks, Caterpillar cannot or G3300 Series Engines.
establish stringent guidelines for the interchanging of
base stocks. However, the following characteristics Engine Rating
can be used for identifying differences in the
performance of base stocks. The average power output that is produced by the
engine during the field evaluation is used to establish
Viscosity index – The viscosity index of single the power rating of the field evaluation. The power
grade oil is an estimate of the base oil composition. output must be expressed as Brake Mean Effective
Oil that has a viscosity index that is less than 95 Pressure (BMEP). The power output is derived from
could contain a significant amount of napthenic base one of the following sources:
stocks. Otherwise, the base stock could have a low
level of processing. Napthenic base stocks do not
provide the same performance as paraffinic base
• Output of the generator set
stocks. A finished lubricant must be specially blended
in order to use napthenic base stocks.
• Torque meter
• Output of the gas compressor
• Displayed load for the engine
14 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
In order to calculate the BMEP, the average engine Oil drain intervals for Cat engines can only be
power output must be expressed in kilowatts. Use adjusted after an oil analysis program that contains
the equation in Table 3 to calculate the BMEP. the following data:
Table 3 • Oil condition, oil contamination, and wear metal

Equation for Calculating the Brake Mean analysis (Caterpillar S·O·S Services oil analysis)
Effective Pressure (BMEP)
120 000 × kW
• Trend analysis
= BMEP2 (kg/
L × rpm meter ) • Fuel consumption
kW is the average engine power output during the
evaluation.
• Oil consumption
L is the total displacement of the engine in liters. Refer to the “Extended Engine Oil Drains and
Warranty” article in the Foreword of this publication.
Lube oil can be interchanged between engines at
different sites that operate with a similar duty cycle. i03116076
However, the interchanging is limited by a maximum
of a ten percent increase in BMEP. Re-refined Base Stock Oils
Duty cycles can vary greatly between different SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7581
sites and between different engine configurations.
Therefore, it is difficult to determine an accurate Re-refined basestock oils are acceptable for use in
degree of severity for oil in all the various duty Cat engines IF these oils meet the performance
cycles. For best results, only use the proven oil in requirements that are specified by Caterpillar.
applications with a similar duty cycle. When different Re-refined basestock oils can be used exclusively
duty cycles are introduced, the risk is increased. in finished oil or in a combination with new
basestock oils. The US military specifications
Note: For cases with different duty cycles, the oil and the specifications of other heavy equipment
company and the engine owner will assess the risk manufacturers also allow the use of re-refined
in order to determine if another Field Performance basestock oils that meet the same criteria.
Evaluation is required. In most cases, an oil with
proven performance in a particular duty cycle will be The process that is used to make re-refined
preferred over an oil that has not been proven for basestock oil should adequately remove all wear
that duty cycle. metals that are in the used oil and all additives
that are in the used oil. Vacuum distillation and
the hydrotreating of the used oil are acceptable
i03116067 processes that are used for producing a re-refined
base oil.
Synthetic Base Stock Oils
Note: Just filtering is inadequate for the production of
SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7581
re-refined basestock oils from used oil.
Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in
Cat engines if these oils meet the performance i03116125
requirements that are specified for the engine.
Aftermarket Oil Additives
Synthetic base oils generally perform better than
conventional oils in the following two areas: SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7581
• Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low Caterpillar does not recommend the use of
temperatures, especially in arctic conditions. aftermarket additives in oil. It is not necessary
to use aftermarket additives in order to achieve
• Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation the maximum service life of the engine or rated
stability, especially at high operating temperatures. performance. Fully formulated, finished oils consist
of base oils and of commercial additive packages.
Some synthetic base oils have performance These additive packages are blended into the base
characteristics that enhance the service life of the oils at precise percentages in order to help provide
oil. However, Caterpillar does not recommend the finished oils with performance characteristics that
automatic extension of oil drain intervals for any type meet industry standards.
of oil.
SEBU6400-05 15
Maintenance Section
• There are no industry standard tests that evaluate Consult with your Caterpillar S·O·S Services
the performance or the compatibility of aftermarket laboratory regarding the adjustment or optimization of
additives in finished oil. oil change intervals. Your S·O·S consultant will work
with you to develop a plan that provides optimum oil
• Aftermarket additives may not be compatible with life without compromising engine life of durability.
the finished oil additive package, which could lower
the performance of the finished oil. One of the basic characteristics of an oil evaluation
program is consistent oil sampling and frequent oil
• The aftermarket additive could fail to mix with sampling. For Cat gas engines, oil samples should
the finished oil. This could produce sludge in the be taken every 250 hours. This consistent rate of
crankcase. sampling is especially important if an engine is
operating on an inconsistent gas supply.
In order to achieve the best performance from a Cat
engine, conform to the following guidelines: Note: Cooling system problems will also reduce
the life of engines. S·O·S Coolant Analysis together
• Select the proper Cat oil or commercial oil that has with S·O·S Oil Analysis provides a complete and
passed the Field Performance Evaluation. Refer accurate method for monitoring the health of all
to the “Lubricant Specifications” section of this machine/engine systems. Refer to the S·O·S Coolant
Special Publication. Analysis information in this publication. A properly
administered S·O·S Services program will reduce
• Refer to the “Engine Oil Viscosity” table in this repair costs and lessen the impact of downtime.
Special Publication in order to find the correct oil
viscosity grade for your engine. The maximum increment for increasing the oil
change interval is 250 service hours. This is
• At the specified interval, service the engine. Use particularly important if a long amount of time is
appropriate new oil and install an appropriate new required to obtain results of oil analysis.
oil filter.
Illustration 1 is a graphic representation of adjusting
• Perform maintenance at the intervals that are the oil change interval.
specified in the engine Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”.
i03116161
Oil Change Interval

(and Oil Sampling)
SMCS Code: 1348
The standard oil change interval for a Cat gas

engine is available in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual. Consult the Operation and Maintenance
Manual for the specific engine model under
consideration.
In some applications, the oil drain may need to

be reduced. Some factors that can reduce an oil
drain are fuel type, fuel contamination, operating
conditions, and environment. In other applications
there could be additional life available in the oil. In g01933230
Illustration 1
both cases, the oil drain can be adjusted through the
use of S·O·S Services oil analysis. Adjustment of oil change intervals
(X) Numbers of oil changes
In an oil drain optimization program, it is strongly (Y) Service hours
suggested that oil drain extensions be limited to 250
hour intervals. For example, if the standard oil drain
is 1000 hours, and the oil appears to have additional
life, the first extension should not exceed 1250 hours.
The 1250 hour oil drain interval should be evaluated
for three service periods, before another extension
is considered.
16 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
In Illustration 1, the initial oil change was performed Oil identification is another important part of the
after 1000 service hours. The interval was increased S·O·S Oil Analysis program. The wrong oil in an
in 250 hour increments. At oil change number 8, engine can severely damage internal components.
the oil had reached the condemning limit after 1750 The wrong oil can also produce excessive deposits in
service hours. Therefore, the interval was reduced to the combustion chamber. Deposits in the combustion
1500 service hours. The results of the oil analysis chamber may lead to valve failures, piston ring
were acceptable when the oil was used for 1500 scuffing, and a loss of oil control. The S·O·S analyst
service hours. uses elemental analysis and viscosity results to
identify key characteristics of the oils.
i04127249
These four types of analysis are used to monitor
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis the condition of your engine, and to help you
identify potential problems. A properly administered
SMCS Code: 1000; 1348; 3080; 4070; 4250; 4300; S·O·S Services Oil Analysis program helps prevent
5095; 7000; 7542; 7581 costly damage, reduces repair costs, and reduces
downtime.
Caterpillar has developed a maintenance
management tool that evaluates oil degradation and Note: Obtain each oil sample when the oil is
detects the early signs of wear on internal engine warm and mixed. The sample is ensured to be
components. The Cat tool for oil analysis is called representative of the oil in the engine crankcase.
S·O·S Oil Analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S
Services program. S·O·S Oil Analysis divides oil Corrosive Gaseous Fuels
analysis into four categories:
Corrosive gases may contain high levels of sulfur
• Component wear rate compounds, halide compounds, and ammonia
compounds. Your Cat dealer has specific guidelines
• Oil condition for these corrosive compounds. Consult your Cat
dealer regarding the best methods for measuring
• Oil contamination and controlling these compounds in your gaseous
fuel supply.
• Oil identification
When these corrosive compounds are present in
Component wear rate analysis evaluates the wear gaseous fuels, perform additional tests on used gas
that is taking place inside the engine. The S·O·S engine oils. These additional tests may also be used
analyst uses the results of elemental analysis to if an oil related issue cannot be resolved through the
evaluate the wear. Trend analysis and proprietary standard set of S·O·S Services tests.
wear tables are then used to determine if wear rates
are normal or abnormal. Some gaseous fuels may contain significant
amounts of corrosive compounds. These corrosive
Oil Condition analysis is used in order to determine compounds can form highly corrosive acids in the
if the oil has degraded. Tests are performed in order engine oil. The S·O·S Services tests for Oxidation,
to look at the oxidation, nitration, and viscosity of Nitration, and Viscosity will indicate that these acids
the oil. The S·O·S analyst uses trend analysis and have degraded the oil. In many applications, these
proprietary guidelines to determine if the oil has tests are sufficient to alert the customer regarding
reached the end of useful life. problems with oil deterioration. However, TAN and
TBN are recommended in addition to the standard
Note: The standard oil analysis should include: S·O·S Services tests.
Oxidation, Nitration, Viscosity, and wear metals at
a minimum.
Oil contamination tests are performed in order to

determine if anything harmful has entered the oil.
This analysis relies on the results from the following
tests: elemental analysis, water, and glycol. The
S·O·S Services program has guidelines that are used
in order to evaluate the level of contamination in the
engine oil.
SEBU6400-05 17
Maintenance Section
There are two ASTM test methods for the TBN test: The silicon compounds from siloxane gases are
“D2896” and “D4739”. The “D2896” method is run much less abrasive than silicon compounds found
to establish the TBN of new oils. “D2896” is best in dirt. Gas engines can operate with silicon levels
used when sulfur compounds are present. “D2896” up to 125 ppm when the source of the silicon is
does not always show a consistent decrease in base siloxane gases. A trained analyst should be utilized to
number with oil deterioration. The “D4739” method is determine the safe level of silicon and the source of
more effective when monitoring the deterioration of the silicon. Elevated silicon levels caused by dirt entry
used engine oils. “D4739” usually shows a consistent will severely damage internal engine components.
decrease in base number, as an oil deteriorates. Refer to the Special Publication, LEBW4977,
“D4739” responds to sulfuric acids and formic acids. “Gaseous Fuels - Application and Installation Guide”
A trained analyst, in the S·O·S Services program, for more information on siloxane gases and other
should be utilized to interpret TBN results. The S·O·S contaminants.
analyst understands the correlation of TBN results to:
corrosive wear, oil oxidation, and oil nitration.
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis
Another test that is sometimes used to evaluate oil Guidelines
condition is Total Acid Number (TAN). The preferred
method for TAN testing is ASTM “D664”. The TAN A trained analyst, at your Cat dealership, interprets
test is a measure of the acids that are formed in the the results of these oil analysis tests. S·O·S Services
used oil. TAN values will increase as oil deteriorates. oil interpretation is built on a system of trend analysis,
Like the TBN tests, the TAN test has limitations. correlating data, and historical guidelines. The S·O·S
Sometimes, the TAN test does not measure all of the Services analyst understands the interactions of
acids that are present in the oil. A trained analyst, in each test. Analysts use this information to make an
the S·O·S Services program, should be utilized to accurate interpretation of the oil analysis test results.
interpret TAN results. The S·O·S analyst understands
the correlation of TAN results to: corrosive wear, oil The table below lists the guidelines that are used to
oxidation, and oil nitration. evaluate used engine oils.
Because of the specialized nature, all S·O·S Services

laboratories may not be equipped to run TBN and
TAN tests. If your S·O·S Services lab cannot run
these tests, your dealership can make arrangements
to run these tests at another laboratory.
TAN and TBN results combined with the normal

S·O·S data can be helpful in trending the oil condition.
Note: S·O·S Services oil analysis for all bio

gas sites and any site that may have corrosive
compounds in the gaseous fuel should include:
Oxidation, Nitration, Viscosity, Wear Metal, TAN,
and TBN test results.
Silicon Containing Gases

Cat gas engines that operate on landfill gases may
experience high levels of silicon in the lubricating oil.
One possible source of this silicon is from a family
of gases called siloxanes. Siloxanes are organic
compounds composed of silicon, oxygen, and methyl
groups. After combustion, this type of silicon enters
the oil through the blow-by gasses and the oil film on
the cylinder liners.
18 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Table 4
Oil Analysis Guidelines for non-corrosive(1), low silicon(1), gaseous fuels
Test Parameter S·O·S Services Oil Analysis General Oil Analysis
Water 0.5% Maximum 0.5% Maximum
Glycol 0.1% Maximum 0.1% Maximum
Viscosity “ASTM D445”, at 100° C +3 centistoke (cSt) change from +3 centistoke (cSt) change from
(212° F) new oil viscosity new oil viscosity
Trend Analysis and statistical limits
Elemental Analysis Cat statistical norms and trend analysis(2)
established by the testing laboratory(3)
0.25 absorbance / cm-1 based on
Oxidation Cat guidelines and trend analysis “ASTM D7418” differential scan
method, and trend analysis
0.25 absorbance / cm-1 based on
Nitration Cat guidelines and trend analysis “ASTM D7418” differential scan
method, and trend analysis
Additional Oil Analysis Guidelines for corrosive(1), high silicon(1), gaseous fuels
Total Acid Number (TAN) by 3.0 maximum or 2.0 greater TAN 3.0 maximum or 2.0 greater TAN
“ASTM D664” than the new oil than the new oil
Total Base Number (TBN) by
50% of new oil TBN 50% of new oil TBN
“ASTM D2896”
(1) Consult your Cat dealer for specific guidelines regarding sulfur compounds, halide compounds, ammonia compounds, and silicon
compounds found in corrosive gaseous fuels.
(2) A trend can be established from the results of three oil analyses.
(3) Consult with your independent laboratory regarding guidelines for elemental analysis.
Note: Most oil analysis programs do not detect

larger particles in the oil sample. Some failure
modes only produce larger particles. Oil analysis
alone will not always detect an impending failure.
Oil filters should be sectioned and inspected for
the presence of visible particles.
Trend Analysis
Illustration 2 is an example of a graph for the trends
of wear metal analysis and of infrared analysis.
SEBU6400-05 19
Maintenance Section
g01934716
Illustration 2
The analysis of the wear metals in Illustration 2 shows • Cat HYDO Advanced 10
typical normal levels. However, the level of nitration
has exceeded the acceptable limit. The oxidation is • Cat Bio HYDO Advanced
also increasing. In conclusion, this analysis indicates
that the engine oil must be replaced.
Cat HYDO Advanced 10 (Hydraulic
In the absence of analysis, change the engine oil Oil)
according to the engine Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”. Cat HYDO Advanced 10 (SAE 10W) is designed to
provide extended oil drain intervals and to provide
extra protection to Cat hydraulic system components.
i03116230
Hydraulic Oil Cat HYDO Advanced 10 is a combination of premium

additives and premium base stock that pass severe
SMCS Code: 1348; 4250; 5050; 5095; 7581 qualification testing requirements in order to provide
superior protection for Cat hydraulic systems.
Applications
• Hydraulic Systems
• Hydrostatic Transmissions
Caterpillar offers two hydraulic oil products:
20 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Cat HYDO Advanced 10 has a 50% increase in the Commercial Hydraulic Oils
standard oil drain interval for machine hydraulic
systems (3000 hours versus 2000 hours) over Note: Non-Cat commercial oils that are acceptable
second and third choice oils when following the for use in most Cat hydraulic and hydrostatic
maintenance interval schedule for oil filter changes transmission systems are as a group third choice
and for oil sampling that is stated in the Operation oils. Within this grouping of third choice oils there are
and Maintenance Manual for your particular machine. tiered levels of performance.
6000 hour oil drain intervals are possible with Cat
HYDO Advanced 10 when using S·O·S Services oil NOTICE
analysis. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for details. Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or perfor-
Cat HYDO Advanced 10 offers the following
benefits: protection against mechanical wear,
rusting, and corrosive wear in hydraulic systems The minimum viscosity for commercial alternative oils
and in hydrostatic transmission systems. Cat HYDO used in most Cat machine hydraulic systems and in
Advanced 10 should be used to achieve maximum most Cat hydrostatic transmission systems is 6.6 cSt
life and maximum performance from hydraulic system at 100 °C (212 °F) “ASTM D445”.
components and from hydrostatic transmissions. In
order to gain the most benefit from the improved If Cat oils cannot be used, oils meeting the following
performance designed into Cat HYDO Advanced 10, commercial specifications can be used in most
when switching to Cat HYDO Advanced 10, cross Cat hydraulic systems and in most Cat hydrostatic
contamination with the previous hydraulic oil should transmission systems:
be kept to less than 10%. Cat HYDO Advanced 10
is preferred in most hydraulic systems and in most • Engine oils that meet the Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2,
hydrostatic systems when ambient temperature is or Cat ECF-3 specifications and have a minimum
between −20 °C (−4 °F) and 40 °C (104 °F). zinc additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm)
Note: Cat HYDO Advanced 10 fully replaced Cat • Biodegradable oils that meet the Cat BF-2
HYDO oil. Cat HYDO is no longer available. specification
If a different viscosity is required due to ambient • TO-4 specification oils that have a minimum zinc
temperatures, the following Caterpillar oils can be additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm)
used:
Note: Industrial hydraulic oils are not
• Cat DEO ULS Multigrade recommended for use as service fill in Caterpillar
machine hydraulic systems.
• Cat DEO Multigrade
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced (Hydraulic
• Cat DEO ULS SYN
Oil)
• Cat Arctic DEO SYN
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced is biodegradable non-toxic
• Cat TDTO hydraulic oil that is recommended for use in hydraulic
systems when environmental compliance is required
• Cat Arctic TDTO or desired. Cat Bio HYDO Advanced has a renewable
content that exceeds 90% and complies with the
• Cat TDTO-TMS European Eco-Label. Consult Federal, state, or
local authorities for guidance on hydraulic oils
• Cat MTO environmental requirements in your area.
Note: Cat oil availability will vary by region.
Note: Cat HYDO Advanced 10 can be used in

hydraulic systems of other Original Equipment
Manufacturers (OEMs). Refer to you manufacture's
requirements for application details.
SEBU6400-05 21
Maintenance Section
NOTICE
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or perfor-
If Cat oils cannot be used, commercial biodegradable

hydraulic oils that meet the Cat BF-2 specification
should be used. Cat BF-2 replaces Cat BF-1
specification. Cat BF-1 specification is obsolete.
Commercial oils that meet the Cat BF-2 specification

should be used.
Note: Oil meeting the Cat BF-2 specification should

g00103844
Illustration 3 only be used in hydraulic systems where specifically
recommended.
Machines with this symbol are filled with
biodegradable hydraulic oil. This symbol is located NOTICE
on the hydraulic tank. Do not use commercial oils that meet the BF-2 specifi-
cation in compartments containing friction material ex-
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced is formulated with premium cept Hydraulic Excavators. Refer to the machine Op-
additives and synthetic biodegradable base oil that eration and Maintenance Manual or consult your local
pass severe qualification testing requirements in Cat dealer for guidance before using commercial oils
order to provide superior protection for Cat hydraulic that meet the BF-2 specification in Hydraulic Excava-
systems and hydrostatic transmissions. tors.
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced increases the standard
oil drain interval for machine hydraulic systems Systems with illustration 3 are filled with
(3000 hours versus 2000 hours) over second and biodegradable hydraulic oil. This symbol is located
third choice oils when following the maintenance on the hydraulic tank.
interval schedule for oil filter changes and for
oil sampling that is stated in the Operation and Biodegradable hydraulic oils are formulated with the
Maintenance Manual for your particular machine. following components: a saturated HEES (Hydraulic
Environmental Ester Synthetic), synthetic base
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced performs similar to stock, and selected additives. Consult Federal, state,
Cat HYDO Advanced 10 and offers the following or local authorities for guidance on hydraulic oil
benefits: superior protection against mechanical environmental requirements in your area.
wear, foaming, and corrosion in hydraulic systems
and in hydrostatic transmissions. This oil should i04127531
be used to achieve maximum life and maximum
performance from hydraulic system components Lubricating Grease
and from hydrostatic transmissions. Cat Bio HYDO
Advanced is preferred in most hydraulic systems SMCS Code: 1000; 7581
and in most hydrostatic systems when ambient
temperature is between −30° C (−22° F) and 45° C
NOTICE
(113° F). Consult your Caterpillar dealer for details.
These recommendations are subject to change with-
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced can be used in hydraulic
most up to date recommendations.
systems of other Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEM). Refer to your manufacturer requirements for
application details. Note: Non-Cat commercial greases are as a group
second choice greases. Within this grouping of
Commercial Biodegradable second choice greases there are tiered levels of
performance.
Hydraulic Oil
Note: Non-Cat commercial oils that are acceptable NOTICE
for use in most Cat hydraulic and hydrostatic Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or perfor-
transmission systems are as a group third choice mance of non-Caterpillar fluids and greases.
oils. Within this grouping of third choice oils there are
tiered levels of performance.
22 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Cat provides various greases that vary in Cat Multipurpose Grease meets the NLGI certification
performance from a moderate performance to a of “GC-LB”. (This certification relates to extended
high performance. Cat greases service the entire service intervals in automotive chassis points and
line of Cat products in the wide variety of climates in wheel bearings with disc brakes in automobiles,
throughout the world. From this variety of Cat grease vans, and light trucks.)
products, you can find a Cat grease that will meet
or exceed the performance requirements for almost Note: If the application calls for a multipurpose
every application. grease and Cat Multipurpose Grease is not available,
consult the grease data sheets. Use a substitute that
Before selecting a grease product, the performance meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of
requirements must be determined. Consult the Cat Multipurpose Grease.
grease recommendations that are made by the
OEM for the equipment. Then, consult with your Cat Cat White Assembly Grease
dealer for a list of greases that have the performance
specifications and the available container sizes.
Cat Multipurpose Grease is also available in an
extra tacky version, known as Cat White Assembly
Note: Always choose grease that meets or exceeds
Grease. Cat White Assembly Grease has the same
the recommendations that are specified by the
formula and the same performance as regular Cat
equipment manufacturer for the application. Multipurpose Grease. One difference between Cat
Multipurpose Grease and Cat White Assembly
If a single grease is needed for use for all of the
Grease is the white color. This grease has been
equipment at one site, always choose a grease that made extra tacky in order to hold gaskets, O-rings,
meets or exceeds the requirements of the most
and needle bearings better in the assembly process.
demanding application. Remember that the products
which barely meet the minimum performance
requirements can be expected to barely produce the Cat Advanced 3Moly Grease
minimum parts life. False economy is being used if a
grease is purchased with the lowest cost as the only Cat Advanced 3Moly Grease is an NLGI grade 2
consideration. Instead, use the grease that yields the grease. This grease is made with petroleum base oil
lowest total operating cost. This cost should be based and a lithium complex thickener. This grease also
on an analysis that includes parts, labor, downtime, has 3% Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2 or “Moly”).
and the amount of grease that is required. Cat Advanced 3Moly Grease is formulated for use
in applications with low severity to high severity at
Note: When the grease in a joint is changed from one moderate temperatures. The molybdenum in Cat
type of grease to another, Cat recommends purging Advanced 3Moly Grease is a special grade with a
all of the old grease from the joint because some median particle size of 3 microns meeting the special
greases are not chemically compatible. Consult your requirements of some rolling element bearings.
supplier in order to determine if the greases are
compatible. Cat Advanced 3Moly Grease meets the NLGI
certification of “GC-LB”. (This certification relates to
If in doubt, Purge! extended service intervals in automotive chassis
points and in wheel bearings with disc brakes in
Note: All Cat greases are “chemically” compatible automobiles, vans, and light trucks.)
with each other. Mixing of Cat greases will not
result in an adverse chemical reaction. However, Note: If the application calls for a multipurpose
mixing of Cat greases might result in reduced grease with molybdenum and Cat Advanced 3Moly
performance. Grease is not available, consult the data sheets for
the greases. Use a substitute that meets or exceeds
the performance characteristics of Cat Advanced
Cat Multipurpose Grease 3Moly Grease.
Cat Multipurpose Grease is a National Lubricating
Grease Institute (NLGI) grade 2 grease. This grease Severe Applications
is made with petroleum base oil and a lithium complex
thickener. Cat Multipurpose Grease is formulated Cat has greases which are made with a Calcium
for use in applications that have a low severity to a Sulfonate Complex thickener. This type of grease
medium severity and moderate temperatures. is necessary for more severe applications. These
greases provide more load carrying (galling
resistance), lower wear, longer working life,
exceptional water washout, and resistance to
corrosion.
SEBU6400-05 23
Maintenance Section
Hammer Grease Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease exceeds the NLGI

Note: Refer to the Operation and Maintenance extended service intervals in automotive chassis
Manual for a particular hammer for recommendations points and in wheel bearings with disc brakes in
that relate to greases for Cat Hammers. automobiles, vans, and light trucks.)
Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease Note: If the application calls for Cat Ultra 5Moly
Grease and Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease is not available,
consult the data sheets for the grease. From
Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease are available in NLGI grades
0, 1, and 2. Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases are made with these data sheets, use a substitute that meets the
performance characteristics of Cat Ultra 5Moly
special blends of petroleum base oils and a Calcium
Grease.
Sulfonate Complex thickener. These greases also
have 5% Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2 or “Moly”) and
Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease is formulated not to contain
added tackifier. Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases are specially
lead, antimony, barium, zinc, phosphorous, or
formulated in order to protect heavily loaded joints
against galling, wear, and corrosion. This protection chlorine additives. Thus, when Cat Ultra 5Moly
Greases are compared to many other types of
is sustained while work is being done in moderate
grease, the Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases are more
temperatures and with wet working conditions or dry
working conditions. environmentally friendly.
Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases are formulated with special Cat Desert Gold Grease
blends of naphthenic petroleum base oils that have
low pour points. Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases will pump Cat Desert Gold Grease is formulated in order
at lower temperatures. The pumpability at lower to protect the most severely loaded joints in Cat
temperatures means added insurance that all of machines against galling, wear, and corrosion. This
the grease joints in the machine will be adequately protection is sustained while work is being done at
lubricated. Pumpability is important when the critical moderate temperatures to hot temperatures with wet
lubrication points rely on an automatic lubrication conditions or dry conditions.
system.
Cat Desert Gold Grease is an NLGI grade 2 grease.
A significant challenge exists in order to get grease to This grease is made with a synthetic base oil that has
pump into the joints at low temperatures. The grease a high viscosity and a Calcium Sulfonate Complex
must have high resistance to galling, wear, fretting, thickener. This grease also has 5% Molybdenum
water washout, and corrosion in order to protect Disulfide (MoS2 or “Moly”) and tackifier.
highly loaded joints adequately.
As the temperature changes, Cat Desert Gold
Even under severely loaded conditions, the grease Grease will experience a minimal change in viscosity
should preferably have a long working life. A Calcium because the base is a synthetic oil. Because Cat
Sulfonate Complex thickener with a properly blended Desert Gold Grease has a synthetic base oil with a
naphthenic oil and/or a synthetic base oil is required. high viscosity, the grease maintains a thick lubricant
Cat uses these ingredients in Cat Ultra 5Moly film even at hot temperatures.
Greases.
Cat Desert Gold Grease is made with a Calcium
Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases also have 5% Moly, instead Sulfonate Complex thickener for protection against
of the 0% to 3% that is found in most other greases. galling, wear, fretting, water washout, and corrosion.
This additional Moly greatly improves the ability of the Cat Desert Gold Grease also has a long life.
grease to protect parts from damage in applications This grease will resist breakdown even when the
with severe impact (slamming). The Moly in Cat application is under heavy loads and with frequent
Ultra 5Moly Grease is a special grade with a median oscillations. This protection is sustained while work
particle size of 3 microns meeting the special is being done at moderate temperatures to hot
requirements of some rolling element bearings. temperatures with wet conditions or dry conditions.
Cat Ultra 5Moly Greases are also made to be extra Cat Desert Gold Grease has 5% molybdenum instead
tacky. In some applications, the film of grease must of the 0% to 3% that is found in most other greases.
adhere to the vertical surfaces. An example of this This additional molybdenum greatly improves the
application is swing gears for excavators. Many ability of the grease to protect parts from damage
conventional greases do not have enough of the in applications with severe impact (slamming).
tacky characteristic in order to allow the grease to In addition, the molybdenum in Cat Desert Gold
stay in place. In addition, many of these greases do Grease is a special grade. This grade has a median
not have the performance in order to protect the gear particle size of 3 microns in order to meet the special
teeth adequately in these applications. requirements of some rolling element bearings.
24 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Cat Desert Gold Grease is made to be extra tacky. In Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is made with a synthetic
some applications, the film of grease must adhere to base oil that has a low viscosity and a Calcium
the vertical surfaces. An example of this application Sulfonate Complex thickener. The performance is
is swing gears for excavators. Many conventional enhanced with 5% Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2 or
greases do not have enough of the tackifier to allow “Moly”) and tackifier.
the grease to stay in place. In addition, many of these
greases do not have the performance, particularly at Because the base oil is synthetic, Cat Arctic Platinum
high ambient temperatures, to protect the gear teeth Grease has a minimal change in viscosity as the
adequately in these applications. temperatures drop. The Cat Arctic Platinum Grease
has a minimal change in viscosity and flows easily as
Cat Desert Gold Grease will prevent galling and the temperature drops. Cat Arctic Platinum Grease
wear at hot temperatures under severe loads pumps easily at low temperatures. In fact, Cat Arctic
and conditions. In moderate temperatures, Cat Platinum Grease NLGI grade 0 can be pumped
Desert Gold Grease can be used in those severe through standard automatic lubrication systems that
applications if an improvement over Cat Ultra 5Moly are machine mounted and at temperatures down to
Grease is desired. −50 °C (−58 °F). This means that the grease can be
pumped through those long unheated lines and into
Cat Desert Gold Grease can be used in applications the required joints.
that require the lubricant to last for long periods. Cat
grease has a high performance and long life. Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is made with Calcium
Sulfonate Complex thickener for protection against
Cat Desert Gold Grease exceeds the NLGI galling, wear, fretting, water washout, and corrosion.
extended service intervals in automotive chassis Cat Arctic Platinum Grease performs well for long
points and in wheel bearings with disc brakes in periods of time. This grease resists breakdown
automobiles, vans, and light trucks.) even with heavy loads in applications with frequent
oscillations. This grease provides protection that
Note: If the application calls for Cat Desert Gold will be sustained in conditions that are wet or dry.
Grease and Cat Desert Gold Grease is not available, Also, this grease will provide protection in moderate
consult the data sheets for the grease. From temperatures as well as cold temperatures.
these data sheets, use a substitute that meets the
performance characteristics of Cat Desert Gold Cat Arctic Platinum Grease has 5% of molybdenum
Grease. With consideration given to the application, instead of 0% or 3% that is found in most of the
Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease, or Cat Arctic Platinum other greases. This additional molybdenum greatly
Grease may perform adequately. However, the use improves the ability of the grease in order to protect
of these greases may require a different schedule parts from damage in applications with severe
for lubrication. impact (slamming). In addition, the molybdenum in
Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is a special grade. This
Cat Desert Gold Grease is formulated not to contain molybdenum has a median particle size of 3 microns
lead, antimony, barium, zinc, phosphorous, or in order to meet the special requirements of some
chlorine additives. Thus, when Cat Desert Gold rolling element bearings.
Grease is compared to many other types of grease,
the Cat Desert Gold Grease is more environmentally Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is made to be extra tacky.
friendly. In some applications, the film of grease must adhere
to the vertical surfaces. An example of this application
Cat Arctic Platinum is swing gears for excavators. Many conventional
greases do not have enough tackifier to adhere well
to the vertical surfaces. This ability is necessary in
Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is formulated to
protect the most heavily loaded joints in Cat order to protect the gear teeth adequately in these
applications.
machines against galling, wear, and corrosion. With
dependence on the consistency of the grease, this
protection is sustained, while work is being done in Cat Arctic Platinum Grease will prevent galling and
wear at cold temperatures under severe loads and
moderate temperatures and in temperatures that may
conditions. In moderate temperatures, Cat Arctic
reach a temperature of −50 °C (−58 °F). In addition,
the conditions may be wet or dry. Cat Arctic Platinum Platinum Grease can be used in the application if
the compartment is sealed tightly in order to contain
Grease is available in NLGI grade 0.
the grease.
SEBU6400-05 25
Maintenance Section
Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is sometimes used in Cat High Speed Ball Bearing
applications that require the lubricant to last for long
periods of time. This grease is a high performance
Grease
grease and has a long life.
Cat High Speed Ball Bearing Grease is an NLGI
grade 2 grease. This grease is made with a petroleum
Note: If the application calls for Cat Arctic Platinum
base oil and a polyurea thickener. This grease is
Grease and no Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is
recommended for applications that utilize roller
available, consult the data sheets for the grease. Use
bearings and ball bearings at low loads to moderate
a substitute that most closely meets the performance
loads at high speed. Typical applications for this
characteristics.
grease are electric motors, alternators, and constant
velocity (CV) joints for automotive products.
Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is formulated not to
contain lead, antimony, barium, zinc, phosphorous,
Cat High Speed Ball Bearing Grease is formulated
or chlorine additives. Thus, when Cat Arctic
not to contain lead, antimony, barium, zinc,
Platinum Grease is compared to many other types
phosphorous, or chlorine additives. When Cat High
of grease, the Cat Arctic Platinum Grease is more
Speed Ball Bearing Grease is compared to many
environmentally friendly.
others, the Cat High Speed Ball Bearing Grease is
more environmentally friendly.
26 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Grease Application Charts

Type of Grease
Severe Applications consist of the following:
• heavy loads
• frequent oscillations
• heavy shock loads
Extreme pressure (EP) refers to 4-Ball Weld point in
the technical data sheet (“ASTM D 2596”).
N/R = Not Recommended
Table 5
Type of Cat Grease

Severe
Applications Extreme
Cat Grease NLGI Severe Severe Severe Severe
with Pressure
Name Grade Applications Applications Applications Applications
Extremely (EP)
Heavy Loads
Extremely Low to High to
Operating Moderate to Moderate to (Anti-Wear
Low to Low Moderate Extremely
Conditions High Temps High Temps Protection)
Temps Temps High Temps
38° C
Optimum −50° C −23° C 18° C (65° F) 18° C (65° F)
(100° F)
Temperature (−58° F) to (−10° F) to to 60° C to 41° C
to 232° C
Range −18° C (0° F) 29° C (85° F) (140° F) (105° F)
(450° F)
Desert Gold 2 N/R Excellent Excellent Excellent Very Good Excellent
Ultra 5Moly 2 N/R Excellent Excellent Very Good Good Excellent
Ultra 5Moly 1 Good Excellent Good Good Fair Excellent
Ultra 5Moly 0 Good Excellent Good Good Fair Excellent
Arctic
0 Excellent Very Good N/R N/R N/R Excellent
Platinum 0
Advanced
2 N/R Fair Good Good N/R Very Good
3Moly
Multipurpose
2 N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R Fair
Grease
High Speed
Ball Bearing 2 N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R
Grease
Marine
2 Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Excellent
Multipurpose
SEBU6400-05 27
Maintenance Section
Type of Grease (continued)

Pumpability is based on “USS Mobility and Lincoln
Ventmeter Tests”. Performance may vary depending
on lubrication equipment and the length of the lines.
Service Life refers to the percent of change after

100,000 strokes in technical data sheet (“ASTM D
217”).
Green (Environmentally) Friendly means that the

grease is not formulated to contain Lead, Antimony,
Barium, Zinc, Phosphorous, or Chlorine additives.
Corrosion protection is the resistance to salt water

and salt spray (“ASTM B 117”).
Water washout resistance refers to roll stability with

water and the percent of change (“ASTM D 1264”).
For additional performance data on these greases

refer to this Special Publication, “Reference Material”
article.
Table 6
Type of Cat Grease
Water
Cat Grease Low Temp. Green Corrosion
NLGI Grade Service Life Washout
Name Pumpability Friendly Protection
Resistance
[In Centralized
Operating (Shear
(Auto-Lube)
Conditions Stability)
Systems]
Optimum
Temperature
Range
above 2° C
Desert Gold 2 Excellent Yes Excellent Excellent
(35° F)
above −7° C
Ultra 5Moly 2 Excellent Yes Excellent Excellent
(20° F)
above −18° C
(0° F)
Arctic Platinum above −43° C
0 Excellent Yes Excellent Excellent
0 (−45° F)
Advanced above −18° C
2 Good No Fair Fair
3Moly (0° F)
Multipurpose above −23° C
2 Good No Fair Fair
Grease (−10° F)
High Speed
above −18° C
Ball Bearing 2 Very Good No Good Good
(0° F)
Grease
Marine above −7° C
2 Excellent Yes Excellent Excellent
Multipurpose (20° F)
28 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
Fuel Specifications Each commercial fuel gas is a mixture of gases.

Some of the gases are combustible and some of
the gases are inert. The compositions of these gas
i03127807 mixtures have extreme variations.
General Fuel Information Cat gas engines will operate successfully on a broad
range of gaseous fuels. Adjustments must be made
SMCS Code: 1250; 1280 to the fuel system when the engine is commissioned
or when the fuel is changed. Consult your Caterpillar
NOTICE dealer about the proper adjustments.
Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up to date
information. By use of this document you agree that Permissible fuels must be analyzed in order to
Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors or omis- determine the following characteristics:
sions.
• Composition
Follow all applicable industry standards. Follow all
applicable governmental and environmental safety • Contaminants
guidelines, practices, regulations, and mandates.
• Heat value
The information that is provided is the latest • Methane number
recommendations for the Cat gas engines that are
covered by this Special Publication. This information • Specific gravity
supersedes all previous recommendations which
have been published for the Cat gas engines that are Field gas can have varying characteristics of
covered by this Special Publication. Special fluids are combustion. Field gas can contain numerous harmful
required for some engines and it will be necessary to impurities. The impurities can alter the BTU value.
continue to use these special products. Refer to the The impurities can also alter the methane number.
applicable Operation and Maintenance Manual. The impurities include everything from water up to
complex hydrocarbons that can lead to detonation
This publication is a supplement to the Operation and severe engine damage. In order to minimize
and Maintenance Manual. This publication does these effects, Caterpillar recommends the following
not replace the engine specific Operation and guidelines:
Maintenance Manuals.
• Evaluate the fuel with the most current revision
NOTICE level of Caterpillar Methane Number Program,
These recommendations are subject to change with- LEKQ6378.
most up to date recommendations. • Methane values below 30 are not recommended
for use in a Cat engine. Fuels with a methane
number that is below 30 must first be processed in
NOTICE order to remove harmful impurities in the fuel and
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or perfor- raising the methane number into the acceptable
mance of non-Caterpillar fluids and filters. range.
NOTICE
• If necessary, use an engine that is configured for a
fuel that has a high energy. Consult the appropriate
Refer to the engine Operation and Maintenance manual for the engine in order to determine the
Manual for any fuel information that may be spe- recommended engine timing.
cific to that application.
• Reduce the oil change interval according to the
Gaseous fuels consist primarily of hydrocarbons results of the oil analysis.
(combinations of hydrogen and carbon) and some
inert gases. Pipeline natural gas has been used for Before the engine arrangement is ordered, use the
many years. Other types of fuels such as wellhead methane number in order to determine the following
gas, bio-gas, and manufactured gas need to be characteristics for the new engine:
reviewed for acceptability.
• Compression ratio
• Fuel system components
SEBU6400-05 29
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
• Ignition timing Propane is transported to a site as a liquid. The liquid

is converted into a gas at the site.
• Rated load
For the guidelines in this Special Publication,
For a detailed explanation of methane numbers, propane must meet these HD-5 specifications (“Gas
refer to the most current revision level of Special Processors Association, GPA Standard 2140-97,
Publication, LEBW4977, “Gaseous Fuels - Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test
Application and Installation Guide”. Methods”):
The High Heat Value (HHV) is a measurement of the • 95 percent propane

total heat that is generated by combustion of a fuel.
When any hydrocarbon is used as a fuel in an internal • Remaining 5 percent is not heavier than butane.
combustion engine, water is one of the products
of combustion. The water is converted into steam The engine must be properly equipped for the use of
before leaving the engine. The conversion requires propane. The use of pistons with a low compression
heat. The steam removes the heat and the energy ratio and a derating is required.
is not used by the engine. The HHV minus the heat
that is used to vaporize the water equals the Low HD-5 propane has a Low Heat Value (LHV) between
Heat Value (LHV) of the fuel. The LHV is sometimes 2427 to 2532 kJ/0.305 m3 (2300 to 2400 Btu/ft3). Due
known as the fuel energy content. Generally, fuel with to the higher heat of combustion that is produced by
a lower LHV releases heat less rapidly. propane, engines that use this fuel will have higher
exhaust port temperatures than engines that use dry
natural gas.
i03615747
Fuel Effects on Maintenance The higher exhaust temperatures tend to reduce

the service life of the cylinder head, of the exhaust
Costs manifold, and of the turbocharger.
SMCS Code: 1280

i03615900
There are many sources of the fuel that is used in

gas engines. These different sources may have an
Wellhead Gas
effect on the engine maintenance intervals. These SMCS Code: 1280-G6
sources include pipeline natural gas, wellhead gas,
bio-gas, and propane.
Wellhead gas (field gas) is a mixture of hydrocarbons
and inert gases that is drawn directly from the
With pipeline natural gas, maintenance intervals
wellhead in the gas field. Wellhead gas has minimal
might be extended. Due to the harmful effects of
processing before entering the fuel manifold. This
impurities that contaminate gases such as bio-gas, fuel is commonly used in engines that power gas
shorter maintenance intervals would be expected.
compressors.
These maintenance intervals can be improved by
processing the gas in order to remove damaging The composition of gas from the wellheads in
impurities.
different gas fields varies, and the composition of the
gas from different wellheads within the same gas
For more information on types of fuels, refer to the field can vary. Different compositions have different
appropriate topics in this Special Publication, “Fuel
characteristics of combustion. As a result, the gas
Specifications” section. For specific information on
from one source may be acceptable for use but the
the maintenance intervals, refer to the Operation and gas from a different source may not be acceptable.
Maintenance Manual for the engine.
Heavier hydrocarbons such as pentane and butane
can cause detonation and other problems. For these
i03615781 reasons, a fuel analysis is required to determine if the
fuel is acceptable for a particular Cat engine.
Propane
Note: The composition of the gas from a field can
SMCS Code: 1280 change over time. Allow some adaptability for this
change during the life of the project.
NOTICE
Propane and blends of propane may cause detona- Some gas fields contain significant amounts
tion in high compression engines. Propane fuel should of hydrogen sulfide. In these cases, follow the
never be used with G3600 engines. precautions that are recommended in this Special
Publication, “Sour Gas” topic.
30 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
The site may have equipment such as scrubbers, i03616061

liquid separators, and heat exchangers that remove
water and liquid hydrocarbons from the gas. Dry Natural Gas
However, vapor can still be drawn into the engine.
The maintenance costs are variable for engines that
(Pipeline)
use wellhead gas. Sometimes, overhauls are needed SMCS Code: 1280-G6
at intervals that are sooner than the expected time.
However, the practices and factors at many sites Dry natural gas is a mixture of methane and traces
enable overhaul intervals that are longer than the of heavier hydrocarbons. Dry natural gas has been
expected times: efficient preventive maintenance, processed in order to remove liquids. This gas has a
proper engine oil, and operation below the rated load. low tendency to detonate.
Follow the guide for fuel usage that is in the Engine For dry natural gas, the acceptable limit of hydrogen
Performance publication. These publications are sulfide is 0.43 mg/MJ (0.45 µg/Btu).
available from your Caterpillar dealer.
The heat value of dry natural gases may vary.
Consult your Caterpillar dealer before operating This depends on the composition of the gas. Dry
the engine with fuel that has hydrocarbons that are natural gas usually has an LHV that is between
heavier than butane. 33.53 to 34.65 kJ/L (900 to 930 Btu/cu ft). Cat Gas
Engines are adjusted at the factory with a dry natural
Note: Use the Cat Methane Program, LEKQ6378 to gas that is within this range.
determine if the fuel is suitable for the particular
engine application.
i03127811
i03127810 Bio-Gas
Sour Gas SMCS Code: 1280-G5
SMCS Code: 1280 Bio-gas is generally classified as gas that is obtained
from these sources:
Many gaseous fuels contain sulfur compounds.
These compounds are primarily composed of • Landfills
hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Gaseous fuels with more
than 0.43 mg H2S/MJ (.45 µg H2S/Btu) or above 10 • Facilities that produce digester gas
ppm are considered to be sour gas. The following
gases are within this category: Although these gases are both the result of organic
decomposition, the compositions are different.
• Some wellhead gases
• Landfill gas Landfill Gas
• Digester gas The decomposition of organic material produces
landfill gas. The composition of landfill gas depends
Required maintenance is increased by the on the materials that are in the landfill. The gas is
introduction of hydrogen sulfide into the fuel. For sour collected through a grid of pipes that are laid out
gas, Caterpillar recommends engine arrangements within the landfill.
for landfill gas.
Landfill gas may contain contaminants that can cause
The use of gases that have hydrogen sulfide can harmful effects on engines:
damage the engine. Products of combustion (water
vapor and sulfur oxides) form sulfurous acid and • Chlorine
sulfuric acid.
• Fluorine
Analyze the gas before use. If the gas has more than
0.43 mg of H2S/MJ (.450 µg of H2S/Btu), treat the gas • Siloxanes
in order to reduce the content of hydrogen sulfide.
For more information, see this Special Publication, • Sulfur
“Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on Engine Maintenance
Costs”. • Water vapor
SEBU6400-05 31
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
Fuel analysis is required in order to provide guidelines Most landfill applications will generate some deposits
for treatment of the fuel. in the combustion chamber and in the turbocharger.
Siloxanes are a major contributor to these deposits.
The sulfur compounds in landfill gas cause the The fuel requires treatment in order to remove
same engine problems as sulfur in sour gas. When the siloxanes. For information on equipment for
landfill gas is used, follow the precautions that are processing landfill gas, refer to the most current
recommended for sour gas. revision level of Special Publication, LEBW4977,
“Gaseous Fuels - Application and Installation Guide”.
Landfills can also contain chlorine and fluorine
compounds in the form of volatile organic compounds Note: The amount of silicon in the fuel can be
and chlorofluorocarbons. When these substances measured with a test that was developed by
are burned in engines, corrosive hydrochloric acid Caterpillar and by Bio-Engineering Services. The
and hydrofluoric acid can be produced. test kit enables a sample of the fuel to be analyzed.
The fuel can also be analyzed for other harmful
Landfill gas can corrode both the equipment that contaminants such as chlorines, fluorines, sulfur, and
handles the gas and the engine. Vapor is produced halides. The Portable Silicon Evaluation Unit (#SI
by combustion. If that vapor condenses in the 110V) is used to process fuel samples on site, and
crankcase, a solution that is potentially corrosive to the Silicon Sample Sets (#SI 20) are the fluid sets
the engine can form. that are processed by the Portable Silicon Evaluation
Unit. The processed fluid sets are then sent to the
Landfill gas and digester gas can contain siloxanes. laboratory for analysis. Details can be obtained from
Siloxanes are formed when silica ions attach to the following address:
the methane hydrocarbon chain. These gaseous
compounds enter the combustion chamber with the Bio-Engineering Services
fuel. This creates deposits in the cylinders. 36 Virginia Street
Southport, Merseyside PR8 6RU England
In addition, calcium from engine oils contributes to Telephone: 44 (0) 1704-539094
deposits. Hence, deposits in the combustion chamber Fax: 44 (0) 1704-501660
are generally a combination of these materials:
silicon, calcium, and some traces of other elements. Note: Caterpillar is not responsible for the
performance or quality of aftermarket products.
Siloxane particles can be abrasive to exhaust valve
faces and to valve seats. This causes the valves to During normal combustion, some exhaust gas is
become pitted and indented. The particles can also forced past the piston rings and into the crankcase.
build up on the valve seat. The buildup can cause The contaminants in this blowby are vented away
guttering of the valves. from the crankcase by positive crankcase ventilation.
The contaminants are diluted and purged.
Deposits also form on the pistons and on the bottom
deck of the cylinder heads. These deposits can The formation of water in the crankcase and in the
increase the compression ratio, which can lead to valve mechanisms can result in an acid solution
detonation and/or preignition. Detonation and/or which allows corrosion to occur. A high jacket
preignition can loosen the deposits. The deposits that water coolant temperature helps to prevent the
are loosened can be trapped between the valve and condensation of water in the crankcase. Engines that
the valve seat. The valve will be held open. Guttering are used for landfill gas have a high temperature
of the valve will result. jacket water cooling system as standard equipment.
The formation of deposits depends on the following

factors:
• Composition of the fuel

• Operating conditions
• Type of lubrication oil
32 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
In order to protect the service life of the engine, it is i01790821

necessary to follow the guidelines for operation and
maintenance that are recommended by Caterpillar. Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on
Engines operating on Landfill gas need to a have
positive crankcase ventilation system to help
Engine Maintenance Costs
decrease acid formations. Landfill gas also requires SMCS Code: 1280
regular, careful maintenance of the spark plugs.
Misfire causes the engine to run rough and the Sour gas refers to fuels that contain more than
cylinder temperatures are reduced. Cooler cylinders 0.43 mg of H2S/MJ (0.450 µg of H2S/Btu). The
allow deposits to build up faster in the combustion following gases are within this category:
chamber, in the exhaust manifold, and in the
turbocharger. Exhaust port temperatures can indicate • Some wellhead gases
the performance of the spark plugs. An exhaust
port temperature that decreases more than 66 °C • Landfill gas
(150 °F) below the average operating temperature
may indicate the misfire of a spark plug. Inspect the • Digester gas
spark plug in accordance with the engine Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Ignition System Spark Sweet gas pertains to fuels that have less than
Plug - Inspect/Adjust/Replace” article. 0.43 mg of H2S/MJ (.450 µg of H2S/Btu). Typically,
propane and processed dry natural gas are in this
Note: For more information on bio-gas, refer to the category.
most current revision level of Special Publication,
LEBW4977, “Gaseous Fuels - Application and Without precautions, maintenance costs are greatly
Installation Guide”. increased by the introduction of hydrogen sulfide
into the engine's fuel. For sour gas, Caterpillar
Digester Gas recommends engine arrangements for landfill gas.
A variety of materials can produce digester gas: The use of gases that have hydrogen sulfide can
damage the engine. Products of combustion (water
• Sewage vapor and sulfur oxides) form sulfurous acid and
sulfuric acid. Sulfur reacts easily with bright metals
Digester gas has properties that are similar to such as copper. Therefore, oil coolers are usually the
the properties of landfill gas. Digester gas usually first components that are affected by the acids. Other
has some sulfur and siloxanes. However, the engine parts that are attacked by the acids include
chlorofluorocarbons that are commonly found the following components:
in landfill gas are not usually found in digester
gas. The same precautions for treatment of the • Valves
fuel and protecting the engine are required. Until
experience proves otherwise, the same maintenance • Valve guides
recommendations are used.
• Piston pin bushings
• Ag Biogas
• Piston rings
Ag Biogas is a methane based fuel created from
an anaerobic digestion process of animal waste • Cylinder liners
or a combination of animal waste and agricultural
products. It does not include landfill, gasifier (syngas) • Exhaust manifolds
or wastewater treatment plant type gas producing
applications. Ag biogas usually has some variable • Aftercoolers
amounts of sulfur, which can reduce maintenance
intervals. Regular maintenance of the product will Analyze the gas before use. If the gas has more than
depend on quality of the fuel. Oil sampling and data 0.43 mg of H2S/MJ (.450 µg of H2S/Btu), treat the gas
trending will determine optimum oil change interval. in order to reduce the content of hydrogen sulfide.
Spark plugs may have reduced life as well based on
the quality of the fuel. Various devices can reduce the content of hydrogen
sulfide. Examples are chemically active filters,
reactive beds, and solutions. The performance of the
devices deteriorates as the reactive chemicals are
depleted. The devices must be serviced or replaced
in order to maintain effectiveness.
SEBU6400-05 33
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
Take the following precautions even if the gas is Take the following precautions even if the gas is
treated in order to reduce the level of hydrogen treated in order to reduce the level of hydrogen
sulfide. This will help to protect the engine against sulfide. This will help to protect the engine against
intervals when the devices for treating the fuel intervals when the devices for treating the fuel
deteriorate. Even brief intervals of operation with deteriorate. Even brief intervals of operation with
high sulfur fuels can damage the engine, unless high sulfur fuels can damage the engine, unless
precautions are taken. precautions are taken.
• Maintain the temperature of the coolant outlet to a • Use an engine configuration that has a fuel
minimum of 110 °C (230 °F). Do not allow the rise system that is designed for sour gas and a positive
in temperature across the engine to exceed 8.3 °C crankcase ventilation system..
(15 °F). A rise in temperature of 5.6 °C (10 °F) is
preferable. • Maintain the temperature of the coolant outlet
to a minimum of 110 °C (230 °F). Lower jacket
Lower jacket water coolant temperatures permit water coolant temperatures permit water vapor
water vapor and hydrogen sulfide to condense on and hydrogen sulfide to condense on the cylinder
the cylinder liners. Higher temperatures will reduce liners. Higher temperatures will reduce this
this condensation. condensation. Do not allow the rise in temperature
across the engine to exceed 8.3 °C (15 °F). A rise
• Establish an oil analysis program in order to ensure in temperature of 5.6 °C (10 °F) is preferable.
that the oil change intervals are not extended
beyond the condemning limits of the oil. The oil • Establish an oil analysis program in order to ensure
analysis will also be able to detect other problems that the oil change intervals are not extended
that may occur. beyond the condemning limits of the oil. The oil
analysis will also be able to detect other problems
that may occur.
i03129864
Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on For additional information on gaseous fuels and on

treatment of the fuel, refer to the following publication:
Engine Maintenance Costs
• Special Publication, LEBW4977, “Gaseous Fuels -
SMCS Code: 1280 Application and Installation Guide”
The use of gases that have hydrogen sulfide can

damage the engine. Products of combustion (water i04127289
vapor and sulfur oxides) form sulfurous acid and

sulfuric acid. Sulfur reacts easily with bright metals
Fuel Filtration
such as copper. Therefore, oil coolers are usually the SMCS Code: 1260; 1280
first components that are affected by the acids. Other
engine parts that are attacked by the acids include
the following components: NOTICE
The customer is responsible for supplying clean,
• Fuel valves dry fuel to the engine.
• Valve mechanisms Fuel filters are no less important than air filters to
protect gas engines from dirt and debris. A proper
• Piston pin bushings fuel filter removes impurities that can damage the
internal components of the engine.
• Piston rings
The gas must be supplied to the engine at a pressure
• Cylinder liners that is acceptable. For optimum operation, use a fuel
filter that is properly sized for the gas pressure.
• Exhaust manifolds
For many gas engines, fuel filters are a provision of
• Aftercoolers the design for the application. These devices are
included in the normal maintenance of the plant.
Various devices can reduce the content of hydrogen Therefore, Cat does not include a standard fuel filter
sulfide. Examples are chemically active filters, as a part of each gas engine. However, fuel filters are
reactive beds, and solutions. The performance of the available from your Cat dealer.
devices deteriorates as the reactive chemicals are
depleted. The devices must be serviced or replaced
in order to maintain effectiveness.
34 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specifications
Note: Use a fuel filter that is designed to capture

a minimum of 99 percent of the particles that are
1 micron in diameter.
Consult your Cat dealer about the requirements for

filtering your fuel.
Table 7
Inlet &
Filter Group 1.0 Micron .01 Micron
Outlet
1 1/4 inch
321-6969 4P4719
NPTF
2 inch NPTF 321-6970 4P4720 140-1125
3 inch NPTF 321-6971 4P4721 140-1126
SEBU6400-05 35
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Specifications
Cooling System Many engine failures are related to the above

conditions: cracking of the cylinder head and/or of
Specifications the engine block, piston seizure, leakage of the water
pump, failure of the water pump, and pitting of the
cylinder liners and cylinder block.
i03614065
These problems can be avoided through proper
General Coolant Information maintenance of the cooling system. Periodically
evaluate the maintenance practices in order to make
SMCS Code: 1350; 1395 sure that the cooling system is properly maintained.
NOTICE
Refer to the engine Operation and Maintenance
Properties of Coolant/Antifreeze
Manual for any coolant information that may be
Coolant/antifreeze is normally composed of three
specific to that application.
elements: water, glycol, and additives. Each element
must meet specific guidelines.
Functions of Cooling System
Water
The cooling systems of modern gas engines are
precisely balanced. The performance of the cooling Water is used in the cooling system in order to
system affects many of the engine components. transfer heat.
Optimum performance can only be obtained by
proper installation and maintenance of the cooling NOTICE
system. Never use water alone without Supplemental Coolant
Additives (SCA) or without inhibited coolant. Water
The engine cooling system is designed to meet alone is corrosive at engine operating temperatures.
specific guidelines. The proper coolant/antifreeze will Water alone does not provide adequate protection
provide the following functions: against boiling or freezing.
• Adequate heat transfer Deionized water or distilled water is

recommended for use in engine cooling systems.
• Compatibility with the cooling system components
such as hoses, seals, and piping
If distilled water or deionized water is not available,
use water with the properties that are listed in Table 8.
• Protection from water pump cavitation
Table 8
• Protection from other cavitation erosion
Caterpillar Minimum Acceptable Water Requirements
• Protection from freezing and from boiling Property Maximum Limit ASTM Test
• Protection from the buildup of corrosion, of sludge, 40 mg/L “D512”,

Chloride (Cl)
and of scale (2.4 grains per US gal) “D4327”
100 mg/L
If a cooling system fails to perform any of the above Sulfate (SO4) “D516”
(5.9 grains per US gal)
functions, the following conditions can occur:
170 mg/L
Total Hardness “D1126”
(10 grains per US gal)
• Overheating
340 mg/L
Total Solids “D1888”
• Overcooling (20 grains per US gal)
Acidity pH of 5.5 to 9.0 “D1293”
• Leaks from hoses, from seals, and from piping
• Cavitation erosion
• Damage from freezing or from boiling
• Plugging of passages for the coolant/antifreeze in
components such as radiators, aftercoolers, oil
coolers, and other heat exchangers
36 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Protection against freezing is reduced if the mixture

NOTICE is greater than 60 percent of ethylene glycol.
Use of water that does not meet the recommendations
for the cooling system will damage the cooling system. Protection against freezing is reduced if the mixture
has more than 50 percent of propylene glycol.
Do not use these types of water in the cooling system:
sea water, softened water that has been conditioned NOTICE
with salt, hard water, and tap water. Do not use propylene glycol in concentrations that ex-
ceed 50 percent glycol because of the reduced heat
Only use water that meets the recommendations for transfer capability of propylene glycol. Use ethylene
the cooling system. glycol in conditions that require additional protection
against boiling or freezing.
If you are not sure about the properties of your water,
consult one of the following sources for a water In order to check the concentration of glycol, use the
analysis: 1U-7298 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degree Celsius)
or use the 1U-7297 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degree
• Caterpillar dealer Fahrenheit). The testers give readings that are
immediate and accurate. The testers can be used
• Local water utility company with ethylene or propylene glycol.
• Agricultural agent Additives

• Independent laboratory Note: Glycol used in finished coolants or in
concentrates is inhibited using appropriate
Glycol additives.
Glycol in the coolant helps to provide protection Additives help protect the metal surfaces of the
against boiling and freezing. cooling system. A lack of coolant additives or
insufficient amounts of additives enable the following
Note: Glycol used in finished coolants or in conditions to occur:
concentrates is inhibited using appropriate
additives. • Corrosion
Most conventional heavy-duty coolant/antifreezes • Formation of mineral deposits
use ethylene glycol. In many applications, propylene
glycol may also be used. In a 50/50 mixture with • Rust
water, ethylene and propylene glycol provide similar
protection against freezing and boiling. • Scale
Use a mixture that will provide protection against the • Pitting and erosion from cavitation of the cylinder
lowest ambient temperature. For a comparison of the liner
protection against freezing, refer to Table 9.
Table 9
• Foaming of the coolant
Antifreeze Protection Many additives are depleted during engine operation.
These additives must be replaced periodically. This
% Mixture Lowest Protective Temperature
can be done by adding Cat Supplemental Coolant
Glycol and Propylene Additive (SCA).
Water Ethylene Glycol
Glycol
50 / 50 −37 °C (−34 °F) −32 °C (−26 °F) Additives must be added at the proper concentration.
Overconcentration of additives can cause the
60 / 40 −51 °C (−60 °F) inhibitors to drop out of solution. The deposits can
enable the following problems to occur:
Note: 100 percent pure glycol will freeze at a
temperature of −23 °C (−9 °F). • Formation of gel compounds
The minimum recommended mixture is 50 • Reduction of heat transfer

percent glycol and 50 percent water. For optimum
performance, Caterpillar recommends a 50/50 • Leakage of the water pump seal
mixture of a water/glycol solution.
SEBU6400-05 37
Maintenance Section
• Plugging of radiators, of coolers, and of small • Always remove the pressure cap in order to fill
passages the cooling system. Leave the pressure cap loose
during the first few minutes of engine operation in
For further information, see this Special Publication, order to allow air to be fully purged.
“Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)” article.
In some applications, it may not be possible to
Requirements for Venting of the install the recommended vent lines. In these cases,
automatic vent lines must be installed. Install an
Cooling System automatic valve that is 0.6 to 0.9 m (2.00 to 3.00 ft)
above the highest point of the cooling system on the
In order to achieve optimum service life for the engine.
water cooled components in the gas engine, the
cooling system must be able to purge air. Air can Note: An automatic valve requires periodic
be introduced into the cooling system by different service. Ensure that the valve is not plugged. If
means: coolant/antifreeze leaks from a valve, correct the
condition immediately. A valve that malfunctions can
• Air can be trapped in the cooling system when the allow air to enter the cooling system after the engine
system is filled or when the system is refilled. is shut down. A vent line is always preferred over an
automatic valve.
• Air that is entrained in the mixture of
coolant/antifreeze can be released by cavitation.
i03613784
• Combustion gas can leak into the cooling system. Coolant Recommendations
For maximum service life of the water cooled
SMCS Code: 1350; 1352; 1395
components, all of the air must be purged from the
water jacket of each component. The presence
of air can allow some of the coolant/antifreeze to General Recommendations
convert into steam. This changes the properties of
the coolant/antifreeze. Removal of the air reduces NOTICE
the possibility of the conversion. Removal of the air Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine
improves the service life of the coolant/antifreeze. damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.
The preferred method for venting of the engine

cooling system is the installation of vent lines. Follow During shipping and storage, the engine must be
these guidelines: protected from damage that can be caused by
freezing of the cooling system. If the engine is
• The vent line must be routed from the highest point shipped to a site with freezing temperatures and/or
of the cooling system on the engine to a point if the engine is stored in a location with freezing
that is higher than any of the engine water cooled temperatures, the cooling system must contain
components. antifreeze that will withstand the lowest ambient
temperature. Frequently check the concentration
• Each component that is in a position which can trap of glycol in the coolant/antifreeze. Ensure that
air must be vented. For example, the turbocharger the concentration is adequate in order to prevent
and the exhaust bypass valve are usually located freezing. Otherwise, the cooling system must be
at the highest points of the cooling system. One completely drained, including pumps and coolers..
line cannot remove the air from both components.
If only one of the components is vented, the For engines in any location, periodically check
other component can still trap air. Both of the the concentration of the additives in the
components must be vented. coolant/antifreeze. Ensure that the concentration is
adequate in order to help prevent corrosion and other
• For each cooling circuit, route the vent line into the harmful conditions.
bottom of the expansion tank.
NOTICE
• The vent line must have a continuous upward Never operate an engine without water temperature
slope. In order to avoid blockage in the vent line, regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
ensure that the vent line is routed in a manner that regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
will avoid trapped fluid. Do not allow any dips in the proper operating temperature. Cooling system prob-
routing of the vent line. lems can develop without water temperature regula-
tors.
38 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Commercial coolants are, as a group, second choice.

NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal) Commercial heavy duty coolant/antifreeze can
per minute to avoid air locks. contain either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
The coolant/antifreeze must contain 200 ppm
(parts per million) silicates to 500 ppm silicates in
After a cooling system has been refilled, monitor the concentrate or 100 ppm to 275 ppm silicates in a
level of the coolant/antifreeze in the expansion tank. 50/50 mix. The coolant/antifreeze must be mixed
Maintain the level above the minimum mark until all with water that meets the properties that are listed in
of the air has been purged from the system. Then the Table in the “General Coolant Information” topic.
maintain the proper level for normal operation. The coolant/antifreeze must also have the correct
concentration of Supplemental Coolant Additive
During normal operation, frequently check the (SCA).
level of the coolant/antifreeze in the expansion
tank. If the level is low, add the proper mixture of
coolant/antifreeze. NOTICE
Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only
For engines in any location, check the concentration meets the ASTM “D3306” specification. This type of
of the conditioner in the coolant/antifreeze according coolant/antifreeze is made for light duty automotive
to the engine Operation and Maintenance Manual, applications.
“Maintenance Interval Schedule”. Obtain an S·O·S
coolant analysis (Level 1) or use the appropriate Use only the coolant/antifreeze that is recommended.
test kit. Ensure that the concentration is adequate
in order to help prevent corrosion and other harmful Acceptable – In applications that do not require
conditions. protection from boiling or from freezing, a mixture of
Cat SCA and water that meets the properties that
To further monitor the cooling system, obtain regular are listed in the “Caterpillar Minimum Acceptable
S·O·S coolant analyses (Level 2) according to Water Requirements” Table in the “General Coolant
the engine Operation and Maintenance Manual, Information” topic is acceptable.
“Maintenance Interval Schedule”.
Note: The preferred coolant/antifreeze and the
Recommended Coolant/Antifreeze acceptable mixture of SCA and water require different
concentrations of SCA. Refer to the “Supplemental
NOTICE Coolant Additive (SCA)” topic.
Do not use Extended Life Coolant (ELC) with Cat Gas
Engines. Table 10 is a list of the coolant/antifreeze that is
recommended for Cat Gas Engines. The service
ELC was not formulated for use in Cat Gas Engines. life of the coolant/antifreeze that is used in Cat
Gas Engines is also listed. In order to achieve
Do not use heat transfer fluids in Cat Gas Engines. this service life, the coolants must be properly
maintained. The maintenance program includes
Use only the coolant/antifreeze that is recommended. S·O·S coolant analysis.
Preferred – Cat Natural Gas Engine Coolant

(NGEC)
Cat coolants have been developed and tested in

order to provide the full performance and service life
that has been designed and built into Cat cooling
systems. Cat NGEC coolant is currently used to fill
Cat gas engines at the factory. This coolant is offered
by Caterpillar dealers for continued use when the
coolant is changed. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
for more information on Cat coolants.
Alternatively, use Cat Diesel Engine

Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) or a commercial
heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze that meets “ASTM
D6210” or “ASTM D4985” specifications.
SEBU6400-05 39
Maintenance Section
Table 10 Commercial SCAs, as a group, are second choice

Recommended Coolant/Antifreeze and Service
additives.
Life of the Coolant/Antifreeze
To ensure that the correct amount of SCA is in the
Coolant/Antifreeze Service Life (1)
cooling system, the concentration of SCA must
Cat NGEC be tested on a scheduled basis. Obtain an S·O·S
Three Years coolant analysis (Level 1) or use a test kit to check
Cat DEAC the concentration of the SCA according to the engine
Commercial Heavy-Duty Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance
Coolant/Antifreeze that Two Years Interval Schedule”.
meets “ASTM D6210”
Commercial Heavy-Duty
Coolant/Antifreeze that One Year
meets “ASTM D4985” Cooling system coolant additive contains alkali.
To help prevent personal injury, avoid contact with
Cat SCA and Water Two Years
the skin and eyes. Do not drink cooling system
Commercial SCA and coolant additive.
One Year
Water
(1) The service life of coolant is also limited by use (service
hours). Refer to the specific engine Operation and Maintenance
Coolant/Antifreeze and SCA
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”.
Note: Mixtures of glycol and water require a lower
concentration of SCA than mixtures of only water and
i03613600 SCA. Mixtures of glycol and water require three to
six percent of SCA.
Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) NOTICE
Do not exceed the recommended six percent supple-
SMCS Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 mental coolant additive concentration.
Recommended Supplemental Test the concentration of the SCA with an S·O·S

Coolant Additive (SCA) coolant analysis (Level 1) or with the 4C-9301
Coolant Conditioner Test Kit.
The use of SCA helps to prevent the following
conditions from occurring: Instructions are provided with the 4C-9301 Coolant
Conditioner Test Kit.
• Corrosion
Note: Cat SCA has a nitrite base. Many commercial
• Formation of mineral deposits types of SCA have a base of phosphate that cannot
be checked with a Caterpillar test kit. If a commercial
• Cavitation erosion of the cylinder liners SCA is used, follow the recommendations for testing
that are provided by the OEM of the product.
• Foaming of the coolant
If a commercial SCA is used, the final mixture
Preferred – Cat Supplemental Coolant Additive of coolant/antifreeze must have 1400 mg/L
(SCA) (82 grains per US gal) or 1200 ppm of nitrites.
Acceptable – A commercial SCA that provides Maintain a concentration level of nitrites in

1400 mg/L (82 grains per US gal) or 1400 ppm of the cooling system that is between 1200 mg/L
nitrites in the final mixture of coolant/antifreeze (70 grains per US gal) and 2400 mg/L
(140 grains per US gal).
Note: A 50/50 concentration of Cat NGEC or of
Cat DEAC does not require a treatment with Water and SCA
an SCA at the initial fill. Commercial heavy-duty
coolant/antifreeze that meets “ASTM D6210” A cooling system that uses a mixture of water only
or “ASTM D4985” specifications may require a and SCA requires more SCA than a cooling system
treatment with an SCA at the initial fill. Read the label that uses a mixture of glycol and water. The mixture
or the instructions that are provided by the OEM of of only water and SCA requires six to eight percent
the product. of SCA.
40 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
Fluid Products for the Cooling

NOTICE System
Do not exceed the recommended eight percent sup-
plemental coolant additive concentration. Table 11
Quantities and Part Numbers of Cat Natural

Test the concentration of SCA with an S·O·S coolant Gas Engine Coolant (NGEC)
analysis (Level 1) or with the 4C-9301 Coolant 3.8 L 19 L 208 L
Conditioner Test Kit. Follow the instructions that come Type
(1 US gal) (5 US gal) (55 US gal)
with the kit, including the addition of SCA if needed.
50% Glycol
233-9797 233-9798 233-9799
50% Water
Excessive Concentrations of SCA
An excessive concentration of SCA can result in the Table 12
formation of deposits. Quantities and Part Numbers of Cat Diesel
Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC)
If the concentration of SCA is greater than
3.8 L 208 L
the recommended level, drain some of the Type
(1 US gal) (55 US gal)
Bulk
coolant/antifreeze. Refill the cooling system with
water and operate the engine in order to fully dilute Undiluted
8C-3684 8C-3686 2P-9868
the mixture. Then, test the concentration again. Concentrate
Repeat this process until the concentration is 50% Glycol
acceptable. 3E-9439
50% Water
40% Glycol
119-5147
i03613361 60% Water
Cooling System Maintenance Table 13
SMCS Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 Quantities and Part Numbers of Cat Supplemental
Coolant Additive (SCA)
Cooling system maintenance has a direct effect 0.47 L 18.9 L 208 L
on engine operation and on the service life of 0.95 L (1 qt)
(1 pint) (5 US gal) (55 US gal)
the engine. Maintain the coolant to the standards
that are recommended in the engine Operation 8T-1589 3P-2044 8C-3680 5P-2907
and Maintenance Manual. Refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Table 14
Schedule”. Follow these guidelines:
Quantities and Part Numbers of Cat Cooling
System Cleaner - Quick Flush
• Use the recommended coolant/antifreeze.
3.8 L 18.9 L 208 L
0.95 L (1 qt)
• Maintain the proper concentration of Supplemental (1 US gal) (5 US gal) (55 US gal)
Coolant Additive. Use the correct method of testing. 4C-4610 4C-4611 4C-4612 4C-4613
• Maintain the protection against freezing.

• Clean the cooling system and refill the
system according to the engine Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
• Consult your Caterpillar dealer about S·O·S

Coolant Analysis.
Note: Cat cleaners can be used in order to clean the

cooling system. Follow the instructions on the label.
Consult your Caterpillar dealer for availability.
SEBU6400-05 41
Maintenance Section
Test Tools for the Cooling System

Table 15
Test Tools for the Cooling System and Function of the Tools
Part Function
245-5829 Coolant/Battery Tester Check the freezing point of the coolant/antifreeze.
4C-9301 Coolant Conditioner Test Kit Check the concentration of the SCA in the coolant.
Test strips for checking the concentration of the SCA in mixtures
4C-9297 Test Strip (Coolant Conditioner)
of glycol and water
164-3310 Infrared Thermometer
164-3320 Infrared Thermometer Gp
(110 Volt AC Adapter) Measure surface temperatures without contacting the surface.
166-9030 Infrared Thermometer Gp
(220 Volt AC Adapter)
i03155761
NOTICE
S·O·S Services Coolant Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
Analysis use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
SMCS Code: 1350; 1352; 1395; 7542-008; 7542 contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incor-
Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that rect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
the engine is protected from internal cavitation and dealers and customers.
from corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability of
the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and Caterpillar S·O·S coolant analysis is a program
from freezing. with two levels. The program is based on periodic
samples. The samples are analyzed. The results
Coolant analysis can be performed at your Caterpillar are reported, and appropriate recommendations are
dealership. Caterpillar S·O·S coolant analysis is an made according to the results.
excellent way to monitor the condition of your coolant
and your cooling system.
S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 1)
The most critical aspect of coolant analysis is
the interpretation of the results. The analyst must A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the properties
be properly trained in order to provide a correct of the coolant that includes the following items:
diagnosis. The analyst must understand several
variables. • Glycol concentration for protection from boiling and
freezing
Different coolants have different formulations and
different condemning limits. Different commercial • Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion
labs may use different methods to test for the
same variable. These other considerations are also • pH
important for interpreting the results of a coolant
analysis: • Conductivity
• The number of hours on the sample • Water hardness
• The equipment that uses the coolant • Visual analysis
• The application of the equipment • Analysis of the odor

Analysts at Caterpillar S·O·S fluid labs are trained The results are reported, and appropriate
to determine the acceptability of coolants. These recommendations are made.
analysts have knowledge of the equipment and
applications. These qualifications enable the analysts
to detect problems before damage occurs.
42 SEBU6400-05
Maintenance Section
S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 2)

A coolant analysis (Level 2) is a comprehensive
chemical evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is
also a check of the overall condition of the inside
of the cooling system. The following services are
provided:
• Full Level 1 analysis

• Identification of the source of metal corrosion and
of contaminants
• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause

corrosion
• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause

scaling
• Determination of possible electrolysis within the

engine cooling system
The results are reported, and appropriate

recommendations are made.
For more information on S·O·S coolant analysis,

consult your Caterpillar dealer.
SEBU6400-05 43
Reference Materials
Reference Information Fuels

Section • Application and Installation Guide, LEKQ7256,
“Fuels, Fuel Systems”
• Application and Installation Guide, LEKQ7260,

Reference Materials “Low Energy Fuels”
i03616240 Lubricants
Reference Material • Data sheet, PEHP0006, “Cat NGEO EL350”
SMCS Code: 1000 • Data sheet, PEHP9574, “Natural Gas Engine
Oil(NGEO EL250)”
The following literature can be obtained through any
Caterpillar dealer. • Data sheet, PEHP0004, “Cat NGEO”
Note: The information that is contained in the listed • Special Publication, PEGJ0035, “Grease Selection
publications is subject to change without notice. Guide”
Consult your local Caterpillar dealer for the most
current recommendations. • Data sheet, PEHP0002, “Cat Advanced 3Moly
Grease” (NLGI grade 2)
Note: Refer to this Special Publication, the respective
product data sheet, and to the appropriate Operation • Data sheet, NEHP6010, “Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease”
and Maintenance Manual for product application (NLGI grades 1 and 2)
recommendations.
• Data sheet, NEHP6011, “Cat Arctic Platinum
Coolants Grease” (NLGI grade 0)
• Data sheet, PEHJ0067, “Cat ELC (Extended Life • Data sheet, NEHP6012, “Cat Desert Gold Grease”
Coolant)” (Worldwide) (NLGI grade 2)
• Special Publication, PMEP5027, “ Cat Label - ELC • Data sheet, NEHP6015, “Cat High Speed Ball
Radiator Label” (25 per package) Bearing Grease” (NLGI grade 2)
• Data sheet, PEHP9554, “Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine • Data sheet, PEHJ0088, “Cat Multipurpose Grease”
Antifreeze/Coolant) (Concentrate)” (NLGI grade 2)
• Special Publication, SEBD0518, “Know Your Miscellaneous

Cooling System”
• Software Program, LEKQ6378, “Methane Number
• Special Publication, SEBD0970, “Coolant and Your Program”
Engine”
• Special Instruction, SEHS9298, “Installation and
Filters Maintenance of Gaseous Fuel Filters”
• Data sheet, PEHP6028, “Cat Ultra High Efficiency • Special Publication, PECP9067, “One Safe
Air Filters” Source”
• Data sheet, PEHP7032, “Radial Seal Air Filters” • Special Publication, SEBF8029, “Index to
Guidelines for Reusable Parts and Salvage
• Data sheet, PEHP9013, “Air Filter Service Operations”
Indicator”
• Special Publication, PEDP9131, “Fluid
• Data sheet, PEHP7046, “Fuel Contamination Contamination - The Silent Thief”
Control”
• Special Publication, AECQ1042, “Caterpillar
• Data sheet, PEHJ0068, “Cat Advanced Efficiency Product Line Brochure”
Engine Oil Filter”
• Special Publication, PEWJ0074, “Cat Filter and
Fluid Application Guide”
44 SEBU6400-05
Reference Materials
• Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar American Petroleum Institute

Dealer Service Tool Catalog” 1220 L St. N.W.
Washington, DC, USA 20005
• Special Publication, PECJ0003, “Cat Shop Telephone: (202) 682-8000
Supplies and Tools” catalog
The International Organization for Standardization
• Special Publication, SENR3130, “Torque (ISO) offers information and customer service
Specifications” regarding international standards and standardizing
activities. ISO can also supply information on the
S·O·S Services following subjects that are not controlled by ISO:
national standards, regional standards, regulations,
certification, and related activities. Consult the
• Special Publication, PEDP7036, “S·O·S Fluids member of ISO in your country.
Analysis Cornerstone”
International Organization for Standardization
• Special Publication, PEHP7052, “Making the Most (ISO)
of S·O·S Services”
1, rue de Varembé
Case postale 56
• Special Publication, PEHP7076, “Understanding CH-1211 Genève 20
S·O·S Services Tests”
Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 749 01 11
• Special Publication, PEHP6001, “How To Take a Facsimile: +41 22 733 34 30
Good Oil Sample”
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.iso.ch
• Special Publication, PEHP7057, “S·O·S Coolant
Analysis”
European classifications are established by the
Counseil International Des Machines a Combustion
Additional Reference Material (CIMAC) (International Council on Combustion
Engines).
The “Engine Fluids Data Book” can be obtained from
the following locations: local technological society, CIMAC Central Secretariat
local library, and local college. If necessary, consult Lyoner Strasse 18
EMA at the following address: 60528 Frankfurt
Germany
Engine Manufacturers Association Telephone: +49 69 6603 1567
Two North LaSalle Street, Suite 2200 Facsimile: +49 69 6603 1566
Chicago, Illinois, USA 60602
E-mail: [email protected]
(312) 827-8700
Facsimile: (312) 827-8737
The “Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

Specifications” can be found in your SAE handbook.
This publication can also be obtained from the
following locations: local technological society, local
library, and local college. If necessary, consult SAE
at the following address:
SAE International
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, PA, USA 15096-0001
Telephone: (724) 776-4841
The “American Petroleum Institute Publication No.

1509” can be obtained from the following locations:
local technological society, local library, and local
college. If necessary, consult API at the following
address:
SEBU6400-05 45
Index Section
Index
A G
Aftermarket Oil Additives ....................................... 14 General Coolant Information ................................. 35

Functions of Cooling System ............................. 35
Properties of Coolant/Antifreeze ........................ 35
B Requirements for Venting of the Cooling
System ............................................................. 37
Bio-Gas.................................................................. 30 General Fuel Information....................................... 28
Digester Gas ...................................................... 32 General Lubricant Information ................................. 6
Landfill Gas ........................................................ 30 Engine Oil ............................................................ 6
Hydraulic Oil......................................................... 6
Lubricating Grease............................................... 6
C
Commercial Oils ...................................................... 9 H

7000 Hour Field Performance Evaluation ............ 9
Coolant Recommendations ................................... 37 Hydraulic Oil .......................................................... 19
General Recommendations ............................... 37 Applications........................................................ 19
Recommended Coolant/Antifreeze .................... 38 Cat Bio HYDO Advanced (Hydraulic Oil) ........... 20
Cooling System Maintenance................................ 40 Cat HYDO Advanced 10 (Hydraulic Oil) ............ 19
Fluid Products for the Cooling System............... 40 Commercial Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil .......... 21
Test Tools for the Cooling System...................... 41 Commercial Hydraulic Oils................................. 20
Cooling System Specifications .............................. 35 Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on Engine Maintenance
Costs.............................................................. 32–33
D
I
Dry Natural Gas (Pipeline)..................................... 30
Important Safety Information ................................... 2
E
L
Engine Oil ................................................................ 6
Engine Oil and Bio-Gas Fuels.............................. 8 Lubricant Specifications........................................... 6
Engine Oil and Sour Gas Fuels ........................... 8 Lubricating Grease ................................................ 21
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis................................. 8 Cat Advanced 3Moly Grease ............................. 22
Cat Arctic Platinum ............................................ 24
Cat Desert Gold Grease .................................... 23
F Cat High Speed Ball Bearing Grease ................ 25
Cat Multipurpose Grease ................................... 22
Field Evaluation of Commercial Oil ......................... 9 Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease ..................................... 23
Criteria for the Evaluation .................................. 10 Cat White Assembly Grease.............................. 22
Guidelines for the Use of A Proven Lubricant In Grease Application Charts ................................. 26
Other Engines (Interchanging) ......................... 12
Operating Conditions for the Field Performance
Evaluation .......................................................... 9 M
Responsibilities ................................................... 11
Foreword ................................................................. 5 Maintenance Section ............................................... 6
Literature Information........................................... 4
Maintenance ........................................................ 4
Safety................................................................... 4 O
Fuel Effects on Maintenance Costs....................... 29
Fuel Filtration......................................................... 33 Oil Change Interval (and Oil Sampling) ................. 15
Fuel Specifications ................................................ 28
Propane ................................................................. 29
46 SEBU6400-05
Index Section
Re-refined Base Stock Oils ................................... 14

Reference Information Section .............................. 43
Reference Material ................................................ 43
Additional Reference Material............................ 44
Coolants............................................................. 43
Filters ................................................................. 43
Fuels .................................................................. 43
Lubricants .......................................................... 43
Miscellaneous .................................................... 43
S·O·S Services................................................... 44
Reference Materials .............................................. 43
S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis .......................... 41

S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 1)....................... 41
S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 2)....................... 42
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis .................................. 16
Corrosive Gaseous Fuels .................................. 16
S·O·S Services Oil Analysis Guidelines............. 17
Silicon Containing Gases................................... 17
Sour Gas ............................................................... 30
Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)................... 39
Recommended Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) ............................................................... 39
Synthetic Base Stock Oils ..................................... 14
Table of Contents..................................................... 3
Wellhead Gas ........................................................ 29

Product and Dealer Information
Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section “Product Identification Information” in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual.
Delivery Date:
Product Information
Model:
Product Identification Number:
Engine Serial Number:
Transmission Serial Number:
Generator Serial Number:
Attachment Serial Numbers:
Attachment Information:
Customer Equipment Number:
Dealer Equipment Number:
Dealer Information
Name: Branch:
Address:
Dealer Contact Phone Number Hours
Sales:
Parts:
Service:
©2010 Caterpillar Cat, Caterpillar, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow” and the Power edge Printed in U.S.A.
All Rights Reserved trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks
of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.

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SEBU6400-05

Cat Gas Engine Lubricant, Fuel, and

Important Safety Information

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

When replacement parts are required for this

Failure to heed this warning can lead to prema-

Fuel Specifications ................................................ 28

Cooling System Specifications ............................. 35

Reference Information Section

Foreword Refer to the applicable Operation and Maintenance

Extended Engine Oil Drains and Warranty

Aftermarket Products and Warranty

Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the many

Furthermore, Caterpillar does not authorize the use of

General Lubricant Information Engine oil performs several functions:

Cat natural gas engine oils have been developed

Due to the significant variations in the quality and

• Cat Natural Gas Engine Oil (NGEO) EL350

Cat natural gas engine oils are formulated with the

Commercial Oils Field Evaluation of Commercial

Engine for the Evaluation – The owner must

Operation and Maintenance – Daily operation and

To provide assistance with the Field Performance

Table 2 Oil that has viscosity index of 95 or more contains

Table 3 • Oil condition, oil contamination, and wear metal

Oil Change Interval

The standard oil change interval for a Cat gas

In some applications, the oil drain may need to

Oil contamination tests are performed in order to

Because of the specialized nature, all S·O·S Services

TAN and TBN results combined with the normal

Note: S·O·S Services oil analysis for all bio

Silicon Containing Gases

Note: Most oil analysis programs do not detect

Hydraulic Oil Cat HYDO Advanced 10 is a combination of premium

Note: Cat oil availability will vary by region.

Note: Cat HYDO Advanced 10 can be used in

If Cat oils cannot be used, commercial biodegradable

Commercial oils that meet the Cat BF-2 specification

Note: Oil meeting the Cat BF-2 specification should

Hammer Grease Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease exceeds the NLGI

Grease Application Charts

N/R = Not Recommended

Type of Cat Grease

Type of Grease (continued)

Service Life refers to the percent of change after

Green (Environmentally) Friendly means that the

Corrosion protection is the resistance to salt water

Water washout resistance refers to roll stability with

For additional performance data on these greases

Fuel Specifications Each commercial fuel gas is a mixture of gases.

• Ignition timing Propane is transported to a site as a liquid. The liquid

The High Heat Value (HHV) is a measurement of the • 95 percent propane

Fuel Effects on Maintenance The higher exhaust temperatures tend to reduce

SMCS Code: 1280

There are many sources of the fuel that is used in

The site may have equipment such as scrubbers, i03616061

The formation of deposits depends on the following

• Composition of the fuel

In order to protect the service life of the engine, it is i01790821