Section 3 2 2 TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS

VOLUME 2 SECTION 3.2.
2 PAGE 1 OF 18
GTC 643/2014
QATAR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION - PHASE 12 - SUBSTATIONS
TITLE:- TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS Revision: 0
SECTION 3.2.2 – TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
SECTION 3 2 2 TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS

TECHNICAL AFFAIRS
Electrical Projects Dept.
VOLUME 2 SECTION 3.2.2 PAGE 2 OF 18
GTC 643/2014
CONTENTS
PAGE
T 191. 19T TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
19T 19T 3
T 191.1Reference Documents .......................................................................................... 3

19T
T 191.2 General requirements .......................................................................................... 3

19T
T 191.2.1 Requirements for all substations 19T 3
T 191.3 Air Insulated Substations ................................................................................... 12

19T
T 191.3.1 19T General Design Requirements

19T 19T 12
T 191.3.2 19T Insulation requirements
19T 19T 13
T 191.3.3 19T Substation Electrical and Safety clearances
19T 19T 14
T 191.3.4 19T Movement of conductors
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.5 19T Application of horizontal clearance
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.6 19T Conductors entering the substation
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.7 19T Substation equipment adjacent to the perimeter fence or wall
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.8 19T Busbars, Connections and Structures
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.9 19T Movement of Vehicles
19T 19T 15
T 191.3.10 Earthing of Substation Conductors
19T 19T 19T 15
T 191.4 Gas Insulated Substations ........................................................................... 16

19T
T 191.4.1 19T General Design Requirements

19T 19T 16
T 191.4.2 19T AIS connections
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.3 19T Gas Zones
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.4 19T Portable maintenance earthing devices
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.5 19T SF 6 gas service connections
19T R R 19T 17
T 191.4.6 19T Pressure/density indication
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.7 19T Bursting discs and explosion vents
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.8 19T Cable Testing
19T 19T 17
T 191.4.9 19T Primary Injection of CTs
19T 19T 18
T 191.4.10 Location of Secondary Equipment
19T 19T 19T 18

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1. TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
This specification sets out the general requirements for the design and engineering of Transmission
substations for use on the KAHRAMAA system with highest system voltages of 245kV, 145kV, 72.5kV
and 36kV. The document covers open terminal (AIS) and gas insulated substations (GIS) and is
intended for use with new sites but where appropriate the principles set out may be applied to extensions
and refurbishment projects.
1.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

- Health and Safety documents as listed in Section 3.2 - General Technical
Requirements
- IEC 60071 – Insulation co-ordination
- IEC 60694 - Common clauses for High Voltage Switchgear and Control
Gear Standards
- IEC 60685 - Calculation of the effects of short circuit currents
- IEC 60815 - Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted

conditions
- IEC 60865 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1:

Definitions and calculation methods
- IEC 60517 - Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages

of 72.5 kV and above
- BS 7354 - Code of Practice for Design of High Voltage Open Terminal

Substations
- IEC 60529 - Specification for degrees of protection provided by

enclosures
- State of Qatar (MEW) Regulations for the Installation of Electrical Wiring,

Electrical Equipment and Air-conditioning Equipment.
- State of Qatar (MEW) Rules, Regulations and Code of Practice for

Design & Installation of Air Conditioning, Heating, Ventilation and
Refrigeration (ACHVR) Systems for Government Buildings
1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.2.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SUBSTATIONS
The substation arrangement and layout shall be as shown on the tender drawings included in the enquiry
documentation. These drawings are intended to show the basic requirements to be satisfied:-
- switching arrangement

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- location of bus bars
- site location, site access and available area
- line terminations
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to prepare a detailed layout showing the manner in which the
various items of equipment offered can be accommodated to best advantage within the available area.
In preparing the designs, the Contractor shall consider the safety of KAHRAMAA personnel and others
employed in the operation and maintenance of the substation, together with the safety of third parties
who may approach the extremities of the substation. The contractor shall also demonstrate the
adequacy of the proposed design by calculation where required.
The arrangement shown on the tender drawings may be modified as necessary to accommodate the
various items, provided the basic principles are maintained.
The Tenderer is at liberty to offer substation arrangements based on significantly different principles
where it is considered that these offer economies or technical advantages. It is emphasized, however,
that the Tenderer’s main offer should comply with the principles shown in the tender drawings, other
arrangements being submitted solely as alternatives to the main offer.
1.2.1.1 Compliance with the Laws and Statutes of Qatar
It is the responsibility of the Tenderer to ensure that any offer made is compliant with the laws and
statutes in force at the time of tendering. Any changes occurring between the date of tender and the
date of contract award will be dealt with in post-tender discussions.
1.2.1.2 Design Life of Substations
The structures, buildings and primary electrical equipment shall have a design life of 40 years.
Secondary systems such as protection and control equipment shall have a minimum design life of 15
years.
1.2.1.3 Environmental
The substation and equipment used therein shall be designed to limit the environmental impact to a
minimum and all statutory requirements applicable in the territory shall be complied with. Particular care
shall be applied in the design of the substation to prevent the contamination of the ground and
watercourses by oil or other liquid contaminants. Where gases are used in equipment or for other
purposes care shall be taken to limit the release of “greenhouse” gases to a minimum. In particular SF 6
shall not be deliberately released to atmosphere during construction, testing or maintenance.
Where equipment contains large amounts of flammable material, care shall be taken to limit the spread of
fire to adjacent equipment or buildings. Where specified in the schedules large power transformers shall
be fitted with fire protection systems designed to suppress and extinguish fires in transformer
compounds, limit the damage to the transformer and ensure that adjacent transformers are protected
against the spread of fire. The system proposed should be suitable for the particular conditions in the
territory.
Care shall be exercised in the overall design of the installation and in the selection of plant and
equipment to minimize the environmental impact of the substation.

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1.2.1.4 Outage Constraints
Unless otherwise agreed by KAHRAMAA the design of the substation shall permit installation, extension,
operation and maintenance with one section of busbar and one circuit only out of service. The number
and type of extension bays required are indicated on the schedule of equipment for each substation.
1.2.1.5 Plant and Equipment Identification
It shall be possible to clearly identify any plant, equipment, isolation device and earthing device for
operation and maintenance purposes. Within any substation the identification system shall uniquely
mark all necessary equipment.
The markings used shall be durable and remain legible for the lifetime of the equipment.
The identification system shall include but not be limited to:
- Circuit breaker, disconnector, earth switch mechanism boxes, busbar
sections, current and voltage transformers
- Bus bar sections, current transformers and voltage transformers
- Pressure gauges or indicators and associated pipe work
- Valves
- Control handles switches or push buttons
- Points of isolation for secondary systems
- Cabinets, cubicles and kiosks
The identification of switchgear bays shall follow the following principles:

- The following designation letters shall be used to identify the voltage
level of the switchgear:
G – Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 400kV
- D – Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 220kV
C – Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 132kV
B – Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 66kV
A – Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 11kV
- E - Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 33 kV
- H - Equipment operating at a nominal voltage of 22 kV
-
- When viewed from the local control position, the section of busbar to the
left of the Bus Section position shall be identified as Section 1 and circuits
connected to Section 1 shall be identified by odd numbers following the
voltage identification letter. The busbar section to the right of the Bus
Section shall be identified as Section 2 and circuits connected to Section 2
shall be identified by even numbers following the voltage identification
letter.

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- The second number of the reference shall represent the function of the
bay and when taken with the voltage letter, the sequence number form the
bay reference
- Feeders shall be identified by the functional descriptor

–--0--, a 220kV feeder bay connected closest the Bus Section on
Section 1 shall be identified as D10--, with the circuit breaker being
designated D100
- Bus Sections shall be identified by the functional descriptor

--2--, 220kV Bus Section 1 bay being identified as D12— and the
Bus Section 1 circuit breaker being designated D120
- Bus Couplers shall be identified by the functional descriptor

--3--, 220kV Bus Coupler 1 bay being identified as D13-- and the
Bus Coupler 1 circuit breaker being designated D130.
- Transformer HV circuits shall be identified by the functional

descriptor 1--, the 220kV side bay of 220/66kV Transformer No 1
being identified as D11— and the Transformer 220kV circuit
breaker being designated D110.
- Transformer LV circuits shall be identified by the functional

descriptor 8--, the 66kV side bay of 220/66kV Transformer No 1
being identified as B18— and the Transformer 66kV circuit breaker
being designated B180.
1.2.1.6 Access for Substation Operation
It shall be possible to gain safe access to the control point and locking-off point of any device that is used
by operations staff during their normal duties without the use of portable access equipment. Road access
shall be provided to all outdoor air-conditioning plant for ease of repair and maintenance. All operational
access shall be suitable for use by a person working unaccompanied.
1.2.1.7 Maintenance Requirements
It shall be possible to gain safe access to any device that requires in-situ maintenance by maintenance
staff during their normal duties from ground level, fixed access platforms or using portable access
equipment where required. Similarly, any device that requires disconnection and removal for off-site
maintenance or for replacement shall be readily accessible to both personnel and lifting equipment where
required.
Adequate space shall be provided to allow access for maintenance equipment, mobile access platforms,
and mobile cranes to any substation equipment that may need to be maintained. The substation
surfaces provided shall be suitable for movement of such equipment and where heavy plant items need
to be moved suitable roads shall be provided. Access roads shall also be provided within the substation
from the Main Gate to substation main buildings, relay rooms and outdoor air handling equipment.
1.2.1.8 Cranes and Lifting Equipment

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Fixed cranes are not required for outdoor “Air Insulated” installations but care shall be exercised in the
design of the installation to allow access for lifting the largest factory assembled sub-component of any
equipment without requiring the shut down of adjacent circuits.
Overhead cranes, capable of lifting the largest shipping unit of switchgear shall be provided in each of
the switchgear buildings of GIS substations.
1.2.1.9 Facilities
As a minimum the following facilities are to be provided at the site constructed and finished in accordance
with Civil Technical Schedule
1.2.1.9.1 Toilets
A durable well-ventilated easily cleaned and maintained environment shall be provided incorporating
toilets, wash-hand basins and showers.
1.2.1.9.2 Workshop and Storeroom
A clean air-conditioned environment shall be provided to facilitate the disassembly, repair and rebuilding
of substation components, devices or sub-assemblies. The room air conditioning shall exhaust directly.
Re-circulation of the air shall not be permitted.
1.2.1.9.3 Control Room
A clean air-conditioned environment shall be provided to accommodate the operator workstation,

maintenance workstation, printers associated with the DCS for transmission and distribution circuits and
the cable distributed temperature sensing terminal. The room shall also accommodate facilities for the
preparation and issue of safety documentation and the storage of site drawings and documents. The
room shall have a stable raised access (computer) floor to be used for cable management.
1.2.1.9.4 Protection Relay Room
A clean air-conditioned environment shall be provided to accommodate protection and substation control
equipment installed in freestanding cubicles arranged in a logical sequence. The room shall have a
stable raised access (computer) floor to be used for cable management.
1.2.1.9.5 Telecommunications equipment room
A clean air-conditioned environment shall be provided to accommodate telecommunications equipment

installed in freestanding cubicles and wall mounted boxes for the termination of communications circuits.
The room shall have a stable raised access (computer) floor to be used for cable management.
1.2.1.9.6 LV Services room
A clean air-conditioned environment shall be provided to accommodate the LVAC Distribution board, the
DC distribution board, 110 VDC battery chargers and UPS equipment, together with associated building
services distribution boards.
1.2.1.9.7 Battery rooms
A clean ventilated and pressurized environment, segregated from other subsystems, shall be provided to
accommodate battery equipment. The floors and walls shall be finished to prevent deterioration or
damage resulting from discharges or spillage of the battery electrolyte.

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1.2.1.9.8 Gas Insulated Switchgear room
A clean, air-conditioned, exhausting to atmosphere environment shall be provided to accommodate

switchgear equipment. The room shall be sized to accommodate the GIS (including spare bays),
associated control cubicles and air handling equipment whilst allowing unimpeded operational and
maintenance access to all equipment. Sufficient space shall be provided for lay down during
maintenance. The room shall incorporate a traveling crane capable of maneuvering to lift and
transporting any item or equipment group requiring installation or removal on-site.
1.2.1.9.9 Metal clad Switchgear Room
A clean, air-conditioned, exhausting to atmosphere, environment shall be provided to accommodate

switchgear equipment. Air delivered to the switchgear room shall not be returned to the air conditioning
plant. The room shall be sized to accommodate the switchgear, associated The room shall be sized to
accommodate the switchgear, associated control cubicles and air handling ducts whilst allowing
unimpeded operational and maintenance access to all equipment.
1.2.1.10 Interlocking
The applicable recommended interlocking facilities of IEC 60517 shall be provided, together with
additional interlocking as specified by Kahramaa. Padlocking to the requirements of this specification
shall be provided for operational and maintenance security.
1.2.1.10.1 Philosophy
All disconnecting and earthing devices within the substation shall be interlocked in a manner that ensures
that they always operate safely. The system employed shall satisfy two distinct categories:
a. Operational interlocking. Interlocking associated with normal system operation and
switching and intended to ensure that unsafe switching actions are prevented. Such
interlocking shall be achieved by electrical means in a manner that permits the equipment
to perform any safe operation. Contacts used for interlocking shall be directly driven
auxiliary contacts of the main device.
b. Maintenance interlocking. Interlocking associated with a series of switching operations

whose purpose is to render the equipment or sections of the substation safe for access
and maintenance by personnel. Such interlocking shall be achieved by mechanical
interference type interlocks.
1.2.1.10.2 Principles
The following assumptions shall be made:

a. Disconnectors are capable of switching the capacitive currents of associated connections.
b. Disconnectors have neither load making nor breaking capacity.
c. Disconnectors are not capable of making or breaking transformer magnetizing current.
d. Disconnectors are not suitable for parallel switching conditions unless specifically rated for
such duty in accordance with IEC 62271-102 (previously covered in IEC 61128).

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e. It shall not be possible to operate any earth switch unless the point of application is
disconnected from all possible sources of supply, and the operating devices of the
disconnectors providing the points of isolation are locked in the open position. Where one
of the points of isolation is remote, the isolation of that remote supply will be confirmed by
other means, e.g. by monitoring the VT secondary output voltage and a suitably inscribed
warning label shall be fitted to the earth switch operating device.
f. It shall not be possible to operate any disconnectors if an associated earth switch is

already closed except where special maintenance provisions have been made.
g. Where the load-breaking device is situated remote from a disconnector and cannot be fully
interlocked the disconnector operating mechanism shall carry a suitably inscribed warning
notice.
1.2.1.10.3 Particular Interlocks
Interlocking Between 66kV and Remote 11kV Circuit Breakers of Transformer Feeders
The transformer 11kV circuit breakers shall be prevented from closing unless the 66kV circuit breaker at
the supply substation has been closed. Tripping of the transformer 66kV circuit breaker, for whatever
reason including manual tripping, shall cause tripping of the transformer 11 kV circuit breakers.
Interlocking to Prevent Bus Section and/or Bus Coupler Opening during On-Load Transfers
At double busbar substations the interlocking scheme shall prevent the opening of Bus Coupler and Bus
section circuit breakers from manual control inputs during on-load transfers whilst any pair of busbar
disconnectors are in any position other than one disconnector fully open the other disconnector fully
closed. Protection trips to Bus Section and Bus Coupler circuit breakers should not be inhibited.
1.2.1.11 Current Transformers
1.2.1.11.1 Ratings
The required quantities, locations, sequence, ratio, rating and class of the current transformers are a
function of the circuit application. The requirements for each application are given in the application
documents included in the relevant equipment specifications.
1.2.1.11.2 Secondary Isolation
Current transformer secondary shorting and disconnecting links shall be provided in a position secure but
readily accessible position for testing purposes.
1.2.1.12 Voltage transformers
1.2.1.12.1 Ratings
The required quantities, locations, sequence, ratio, rating and class of the voltage transformers are a
function of the circuit application. The requirements for each application are given in the application
documents included in the relevant equipment specifications.
1.2.1.12.2 Secondary Isolation
Voltage transformer secondary links shall be provided in a position readily accessible to operations staff
from ground level or fixed access platform.

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1.2.1.13 Substation Auxiliary Cabling
Substation auxiliary cables between substation buildings, relay rooms, marshalling points and primary
equipment shall be installed in cast concrete trenches or cable tunnels on purpose made corrosion
resistant racking. The use of buried cable ducts is acceptable for routes to individual equipments and
short lengths of direct buried armoured cable may be acceptable provided the location of such cables is
clearly recorded.
Where cables emerge from trenches or ducts, care shall be taken to eliminate tripping hazards and cable
trays or racks used above ground shall be designed and installed so as to avoid dangerous edges or
projections.
To limit the risk to personnel and equipment from smoke and corrosive fumes all auxiliary cabling used
indoors shall be of a low fume, zero halogen type.
1.2.1.14 Substation Secondary Equipment
1.2.1.14.1 Substation Control
Control facilities supplied and installed in the substation control/relay room under this Contract shall
provide all necessary facilities for the safe and effective control of the plant and equipment being
supplied under this Contract.
The design, architecture and performance requirements for the Substation Control System are set out in
Technical Specification and the substation specific aspects are set out in the Schedule of Quantities.
The functions of the Substation Control System shall co-ordinate with the local and supervisory control
functions to provide a secure integrated system for the operation of the substation.
The control hierarchy shall be in order of priority:-
• Supervisory control via SCADA
• Substation control from the substation control room
• Plant level control (normally for maintenance operation of the plant)
Selected power operated equipment shall be operable from the supervisory level: power operated
equipment shall be operable remotely from the control room: all equipment shall be operable from its “on-
plant” control device. It shall not be possible for more than one system to be in operation simultaneously.
Facilities for selection of “remote” or “local” control shall be provided on site adjacent to the equipment
being controlled. The status of the selection shall also be indicated on the substation control HMI and at
the supervisory control level.
Facilities for selection of “supervisory” or “remote” control shall be provided on the substation control HMI
for each circuit. The status of the selection shall also be indicated at the supervisory control level.
Facilities for the indication of the status of all switching and selection shall be provided for all equipment
required for the normal operation of the substation. This should include as a minimum:
• the position of circuit breakers, disconnectors and earthing switches
• the position of “secondary system” selection devices such as “Main Protection 1 IN”
• the position of “auxiliary system” selection devices such as “LVAC on Standby”
Alarm equipment as specified in the Schedules shall be provided in the control room to indicate the
operation of: -
• the main and back up system protections

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• operation of the equipment alarms including those on the power transformers,

switchgear and auxiliary supplies
• all other alarms which are required for the satisfactory operation of the complete
installation.
1.2.1.14.2 Substation and Circuit Protection Arrangements
Protective relay systems shall be supplied and installed in the substation control/relay room under this
Contract and shall provide all necessary facilities for the effective protection of the plant and equipment
being supplied under this Contract.
The design, architecture and performance requirements for the Protection and Metering System are set
out in Technical Specification and the substation specific aspects are set out in the Schedule of
Quantities.
The required protection arrangements are a function of the circuit application. The requirements for each
application are given in the application documents included in the relevant equipment specifications.
1.2.1.14.3 Arrangement of Cubicles
All supervisory control interface equipment, remote control, alarm, protection and instrumentation
facilities shall be located within the main plant building, and mounted on cubicles arranged in suites
according to their function i.e. control and instrumentation, relay, metering, etc.
Within the suites, the control facilities for each circuit or busbar shall be grouped together and each group
shall be located in a logical sequence following the architecture of the substation primary circuits.
1.2.1.14.4 Substation Earthing and Lightning Protection
The substation shall be provided with an earthing system in accordance with the requirements of
KAHRAMAA Technical Specification
1.2.1.14.5 Substation Auxiliary Supplies
1.2.1.14.6 Low Voltage DC Systems
Low Voltage DC systems supplied for substations shall be in accordance with the KAHRAMAA Technical
Specification.
The detailed requirements of the DC system shall be specific to each installation and shall be as
indicated on the single line diagram for each site.
1.2.1.14.7 Low Voltage AC Systems
Low Voltage AC systems supplied for substations shall be in accordance with the KAHRAMAA Technical
Specification.
The detailed requirements of the AC system shall be specific to each installation and shall be as
indicated on the single line diagram for each site.
1.2.1.15 Switching Arrangements
To meet the overall operational requirements of the KAHRAMAA system several switchgear
configurations are used at each voltage to meet security and availability standards. The configurations
include: -
Sectioned Double Busbar (SDB)

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Sectioned Single Busbar (SSB)

Transformer feeder (TF)
These configurations are used in combination with different voltage levels to define a complete
substation with the interconnections between voltage levels provided by power transformers of the
appropriate ratio, impedance and rating.
Within each substation configuration there are several standard circuit configurations that may be
grouped to form a complete switchgear arrangement for a particular substation. The standard circuit
configurations are set out in the application documents attached to the Technical Specification.
The particular configuration and switchgear arrangement for each substation is determined by
KAHRAMAA System Planning Department and is set out in the Scope of Work section of the enquiry.
1.2.1.16 Equipment Ratings
To ensure long-term suitability of equipment and switchgear installations are rated to take into account
the projected development of the KAHRAMAA system. The minimum values given are those required
after any de-rating factors (from Standard IEC testing conditions) associated with the climatic conditions
prevalent in the territory. The contractor shall demonstrate by reference to type test information and
calculation or by re-testing at the required ambient temperature that the equipment offered is suitable for
the minimum site rating required.
1.2.1.16.1 Voltage Ratings
The required voltage ratings are given in the relevant equipment technical schedules.
1.2.1.16.2 Rated Short Circuit Withstand Current and Time
The required ratings are given in the relevant equipment technical schedules.
1.2.1.16.3 Rated Continuous Current
The required continuous current ratings are a function of the circuit application. The values for each
application are given in the application documents included in the relevant equipment specifications.
1.3 AIR INSULATED SUBSTATIONS
1.3.1 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The substation design should be such as to limit the number of levels of conductors and to ensure that
the consequences of a failure of one set of high level conductors including earth wire conductors are kept
to a minimum. All materials and equipment for use in the substation shall be suitably rated to meet the
site conditions specified in the schedules.
All gantry type structures supporting conductors shall include facilities for ready access to all insulator
sets. There shall be permanently attached climbing devices with guard-rails and access to high level
beams shall not be possible without proper authorization. Safety screens shall be provided between
adjacent circuits to maintain the specified safety clearances and to prevent accidental access to live
circuits.
Vehicle access to permit the transport of major switchgear equipment shall be provided. This shall be
achieved without the need to de-energize adjacent circuits or busbars. Access for vehicles that requires
the de-energization of circuits shall be kept to a minimum.
Each substation shall be adequately protected against direct lightning strikes, either by the use of spikes
or earth wires located on the substation structures: the use of spikes is preferred. The height, location,
and number of spikes or earth wires shall be such as to protect all equipment installed within the

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substation to a failure rate of shielding from direct lightning strikes of not greater than 0.1 per cent per
annum.
Where the connection to the substation is by overhead line, overhead line conductors will be terminated
either at the substation gantry structures or to anchor blocks adjacent to the overhead line terminal
towers. The overhead line conductors complete with tension insulators, line tee off clamps, and
compression fittings (bimetallic where necessary) shall be supplied and erected under a separate
contract.
Where specified in the Schedules, the overhead earth wire will be extended into the substation and the
substation gantry structure shall be arranged to receive this. Otherwise the earth conductor will be
terminated at the overhead line terminal tower.
Where line traps are to be located within the substation, these should preferably be mounted integrally
with the coupling capacitor. Should this be impracticable then the use of post type insulators or
suspension mounting can be used.
Where disconnectors are of the pantograph type, the contact arrangements shall cater for conditions of
maximum wind loading coincident with either the maximum or minimum ambient temperature and shall
conform to the requirements of IEC 62271-102 (previously covered in IEC 60129).
The primary electrical connections in the substation shall be designed to withstand the combinations of
atmospheric, geophysical and electromagnetic forces to which it is subjected at the particular location.
The insulators, structures and equipment terminals supporting the connections shall not be subject to
forces exceeding their design values and all primary connectors used for the attachment or jointing of
conductors must capable of withstanding the forces applied. The effects of short circuits shall be
calculated in accordance with the requirements of IEC 60865. The contractor shall declare the
combinations of forces used as the basis for design of the connections and their supporting structures.
1.3.2 INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
All external insulation shall be porcelain, of good quality, dimensionally accurate and rated to suit the
application. The external creepage distance shall be based on 35mm/kV of highest phase-to-phase
system voltage and the design shall comply with the recommendations of IEC 60815.

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TITLE:- TRANSMISSIN SUBSTATIONS Revision: 0
1.3.3 SUBSTATION ELECTRICAL AND SAFETY CLEARANCES
The minimum clearances used in the setting out of substations shall be based on the definitions given in BS 7354: 1990 Section 5 and the dimensions
shall be those set out in “Table 4. Clearances: International practice”, unless otherwise stated. Where practicable, the values defined for vertical
clearance for safety shall be used in all directions
Electrical Clearances for use in KAHRAMAA substations

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rated BIL SIL Basic electrical Safety working clearance Safety working Insulation height (m) Phase-to-Phase
Voltage kV kVp kVp clearance (m) (m) clearance (m) clearance (m)
(Pedestrian access)
(Phase to earth) (Vertical) (Horizontal)
A B A B A B A B
36 170 ------- 0.32 2.8 1.8 2.4 0.32
72.5 325 ------- 0.63 3.1 2.1 2.4 0.63
145 650 ------- 1.3 3.7 2.7 2.4 1.40
245 950 750 1.7 1.9 4.1 4.3 3.1 3.3 2.6 2.4 2.8
* *
420 1425 1050 2.6 3.4 5.3 6.4 4.3 5.4 2.7 3.9 4.6
Note:
A: Clearances appropriate to “conductor structure” electrode configuration.
B: Clearances appropriate to “rod structure” electrode configuration.
* - IEC 60071-1 Amendment 1 Table A.3

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1.3.4 MOVEMENT OF CONDUCTORS
The design of the substation shall ensure that the clearances specified are maintained under all
conditions of movement of conductors due to wind, short circuit or other external influences. Where
necessary additional insulated supports shall be provide to control movement but their influence on
substation availability and reliability must be evaluated.
1.3.5 APPLICATION OF HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE
Wherever possible the vertical design clearance set out in the above table shall be applied in all
directions. In any design where this practice has not been followed, the application of horizontal
clearance is to be identified on the drawings submitted for approval.
1.3.6 CONDUCTORS ENTERING THE SUBSTATION
Where uninsulated conductors cross the substation perimeter fence or wall, care shall be taken to
ensure that statutory clearances are not infringed and that care is taken to maintain clearances to street
lighting furniture adjacent to the line entry.
1.3.7 SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT ADJACENT TO THE PERIMETER FENCE OR

WALL
Safety working clearance shall be maintained between high voltage equipment and the substation fence
(wall).
1.3.8 BUSBARS, CONNECTIONS AND STRUCTURES
The system of conductors connecting high voltage equipment, including supports, structures, insulators
and the high voltage equipment itself shall be designed to withstand the maximum force that may be
applied to it during its lifetime.
The design of busbars, connections and structures shall be generally as set out in BS 7354: 1990
Section 3, with parameter values appropriate for the KAHRAMAA system. These parameters are set out
in Section 3.2 of the enquiry document. Alternative methods for the design of busbars connections and
structures will be considered by KAHRAMAA where it can be shown that such methods offer a
technically compliant design. In all cases supporting calculations must be provided.
1.3.9 MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES
The design of the substation shall permit the safe movement of vehicles up to 2.4 meters high, within the
substation on designated routes. Lockable height barriers shall be installed at all entrances to the
substation to prevent uncontrolled access of vehicles exceeding the maximum allowable height.
Adequate ground bearing pressure shall be provided on all designated routes and other locations within
the substation where it is necessary for vehicles to be maneuvered such that any underground
installation is unaffected by such movements.
1.3.10 EARTHING OF SUBSTATION CONDUCTORS
Sufficient facilities, designed to permit the application of fixed or fully rated portable earthing devices for
the safe maintenance of substation equipment shall be provided.
Fixed earthing switches shall be provided at each circuit entry into the substation and on each section of
busbar.

TECHNICAL AFFAIRS
GTC 643/2014
The application of portable earthing equipment shall be considered and where a conductor configuration,
angle of approach or size prevents the direct application of a portable earth clamp, a supplementary
connection facility shall be provided. Provision shall also be made for the connection of the earth end of
the portable earth at each location noting that several leads may be required to achieve a fully rated
connection.
1.4 GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS
1.4.1 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The layout for the substation shall be such that all necessary repair and maintenance tasks may be
performed with the minimum interference and disruption to other equipment or systems.
The direction of cable entries shall be considered in the layout. In all cases, cable reservations shall be
provided on at least two sides of the any switchgear building.
The internal substation primary connections shall be designed to minimize the risk of failure due to
atmospheric or third party interference. The choice of interconnection method shall take into account the
continuous current rating, route, reliability, availability and cost effectiveness in determining the most
suitable arrangement.
Where the particular substation requires that provision be made for the future installation of additional
circuits, the design shall include for the installation of all facilities, services and civil works in the future.
Where practical considerations require the installation of such facilities, services and civil works at the
initial construction stage the contractor shall advise the client.
Wherever possible, equipment and techniques that reduce or eliminate interference with commissioned
equipment, in order to extend the substation or make use of spare bays, shall be used
The layout shall consider the operational and maintenance activities required, noting that by careful
selection of the equipment, the application of condition monitoring and a design that minimizes external
influences, maintenance burdens may be significantly reduced.
The sequence of bays and the position of the switchgear shall be such that adequate cable reservations
for all voltage levels are available and that the number of cable crossings is minimized. In deciding on
the sequence of GIS bays the impact of adjacent bays on maintenance accessibility, the provision of
future bays and the electrical performance of the GIS have been considered.
The substation equipment shall be installed in a logical arrangement that minimizes cabling to be
installed between the substation equipment.
All large, oil-containing equipment shall be located together and a common oil management system for
the site, with short straight couplings between bund area and an underground oil tank, shall be provided.
The substation shall be protected against the damaging effects of substation oil fires. If the use of a
water spray system is selected it will be necessary to make provision for high volume water storage and
the associated control and pumping equipment.
Passive fire protection between all oil containing equipment and between oil containing equipment and
other essential substation equipment shall be provided. Any separating walls between the transformer
cells and adjacent equipment shall be fire rated. Where transformers are installed in cells, any wall
facing the transformer cells shall also be fire rated and where practicable doors and windows shall be
eliminated.
The power transformers shall be positioned to minimize exposure of third parties to risks from the
substation equipment, particularly oil fires and environmental hazards such as noise and vibration.
The arrangement of substation equipment and buildings shall reduce visual impact on the surrounding
area. The site shall be surrounded by a four meters high perimeter wall with suitable architectural
treatment to ensure that the substation blends into the surroundings. The majority of electrical
equipment shall be screened from view either by indoor installation or by the presence of the perimeter
wall.

TECHNICAL AFFAIRS
GTC 643/2014
Facilities to ease installation and routine maintenance when required shall provided but the overprovision
of facilities that are required to be used infrequently should be avoided. Where possible facilities that
can be provided from external sources by the use of transportable equipment should be considered.
1.4.2 AIS CONNECTIONS
Where Air Insulated connections are used within a GIS substation the design requirements set out in
Clause 1.3 shall be applied.
1.4.3 GAS ZONES
The switchgear shall be segregated into independent gas zones such that the maintenance of any
device incorporated into a gas zone does not contravene the requirements of Clause 1.2.1.3 and 1.2.1.4.
Consideration shall be given to the time required to evacuate and refill the largest gas zone, should
access be required, using commercially available gas handling plant and storage equipment.
1.4.4 PORTABLE MAINTENANCE EARTHING DEVICES
The location and method of application shall be agreed with KAHRAMAA before the final design is
approved.
1.4.5 SF6 GAS SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The gas service connection for each gas zone shall be readily accessible with out the use of special
access equipment.
Filling points shall be fitted with self-sealing valves that are compatible with KAHRAMAA’s existing gas
handling equipment and capable of being locked or protected from unauthorized access.
A diagram showing the arrangement of the gas servicing system shall be displayed at the LCC or at the
central gas management station.
1.4.6 PRESSURE/DENSITY INDICATION
Facilities for the indication of gas pressure or density in each gas zone shall be provided. Systems
offering facilities for the remote indication are preferred. The equipment shall be permanently installed
and shall be readable from the substation floor or fixed access platforms.
1.4.7 BURSTING DISCS AND EXPLOSION VENTS
Bursting discs and explosion vents shall be positioned to direct gas and debris away from normally
accessible areas and minimize danger to personnel.
1.4.8 CABLE TESTING
Where high voltage cables are terminated directly into gas insulated enclosures provision shall be made
to allow the high voltage testing of cables. The requirements of the switchgear are set out in Technical
Specification.
The layout of the substation shall be such that adequate clearance around the test connection for the
application of the required test voltage is available.

TECHNICAL AFFAIRS
GTC 643/2014
1.4.9 PRIMARY INJECTION OF CTS
Facilities shall be provided which allow comprehensive primary injection testing of current transformers
with the minimum of interference with the rest of the switchgear.
1.4.10 LOCATION OF SECONDARY EQUIPMENT
The secondary equipment associated with the gas-insulated switchgear shall be installed in suitable free-
standing cubicles in the switchgear room. The cubicles shall be positioned to correspond to the
switchgear layout such that an operator standing the cubicle of a particular bay would have the
corresponding switchgear immediately behind. The requirements of the switchgear are set out in
Technical Specification

TECHNICAL AFFAIRS

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VOLUME 2 SECTION 3.2.

TITLE:- TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS Revision: 0