Mrs.

Ratih English Lesson

NAME : __________________________
CLASS : VIII - DATE : 2019
DEGREE OF COMPARISONS
Degree Comparison is grammatical category that associated with comparison of adjective and adverb.
There are three form of comparison.
– Positive Degree
– Comparative Degree
– Superlative Degree
I. Positive degree is to state that something or someone is in the same condition like the others

to be+as+adjective+as
Example :
• The man as tall as the pole
• The boy as short as the table
II. Comparative Degree is to state that something or someone is more than the others.
1) The comparative form is usually made by adding “-er” to the adjective.

to be+comparative+than
Example :
• The tree is taller than the man
• The car is heavier than the bike
2) If an adjective has three syllables or more, then the word “more” is used.
Example :
 Rina is more beautiful than Nia.
 Rio’s notebook is more expensive than Adi’s notebook.
* the word than is often used to compare two things or people.
III. Superlative Degree is to state superlative that is something or someone is even more than the others.
1) The comparative form is usually made by adding “-est” to the adjective.

to be+the superlative
Example :
 He is the strongest one
 That house is the largest than the others
2) If an adjective has three syllables or more, then the word “most” is used.
Example :
 Albert Einstein was the most intelligent person in history.
 Some people think that Russian is the most difficult language.

Some common adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative form that you have to learn:
Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
bad worse worst
good better best
little less least

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LATIHAN PERTEMUAN 1

Complete the sentences with comparative degrees.

1. Of the three coffee grinders, I like the Armenian best. I find it *elegant*
2. Sofia is the *large* city in Bulgaria.
3. Of the two spa hotels, the Bankya Spa Palace is *friendly*
4. Debu’s album is *good* than Rocket’s album.
5. The Lom river is *shallow* than the Iskar River.
6. The cobbled streets in Old Town in Veliko Tarnovo are *narrow* than the streets in Old Town in Plovdiv
7. Turkish coffe is *popular* in Bulgaria than in Turkey.
8. English is *easy* than German.
9. This is the *tender* meat I have ever eaten.
10. Vera is *smart* than Mila.
Types of rooms: Types of room:
Choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, or D. Standard and VIP Standard, Deluxe,
Room rate starts from Penthouse
1. Look at the pictures Rp. 250.000,- Room rate starts
Facilities: from Rp. 450.000
• Swimming pool Facilities:
• Garden Restaurant • Swimming pool
• Indoor Restaurant • Garden
• Playground Restaurant
• Parking area • Indoor
Backpack A Backpack B • Convention Restaurant
Rp. 375.000,- Rp. 260.000,- • Fitness center
• Parking area
Backpack A is … than backpack B. • Convention
A. expensive • Shopping arcade
B. most expensive
C. more expensive
D. the most expensive
2. Look at the pictures!

3. Moon Hotel has … rooms than Sun Hotel.

A. few
Junaedi’s pencils Anang’s pencils B. more
Junaedi’s pencils are … than Anang’s pencil. C. fewer
A. few D. fewest
B. fewer 4. The room rate of Sun Hotel is … than of Moon
C. fewest Hotel.
D. a fewer A. more expensive
B. expensive
Read the brochures. Then, complete the sentences. C. cheaper
SUN HOTEL MOON HOTEL D. cheap
Number of room: 200 Number of room: 300

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5. The facilities of Moon Hotel are … than of Sun is …(11) than Rahmat. Rahmat likes outdoor
Hotel. activities, but Dadang doesn’t. So, Rahmat’s
A. fewest skin is …(12) than Dadang’s skin. Dadang
B. fewer always passes the math tests. Rahmat
C. much sometimes fails in the math test. So Dadang is
D. more …(13) at math than Rahmat. Both Dadang and
6. Moon hotel has … room types than Sun Hotel. Rahmat like to collects comics. Dadang has 25
A. much comics and Rahmat has 30 comics. So, Rahmat
B. little has …(14) comics than Dadang.
C. more
D. fewer 10.
The following pictures are for questions 4 – 5. A. tinier
B. heavier
C. smaller
D. slimmer
11.
A. taller
B. fatter
Scooby Puffy Brownie C. bigger
Age : 3 years Age: 5 years Age: 1 year D. shorter
Weight: 6 kg Weight: 5 kg Weight: 4 kg 12.
A. fairer
7. Brownie is … than Puffy.
B. whiter
A. younger
C. darker
B. heavier
D. lighter
C. bigger
13.
D. older
A. the best
8. Scooby is … than Brownie.
B. better
A. slimmer
C. good
B. heavier
D. worst
C. thinner
14.
D. older
A. many
9. Puffy is … than Brownie.
B. more
A. smaller
C. much
B. heavier
D. the most
C. thinner
15. Dog’s album is ….(bad) than Cat’s album.
D. younger
A. badest
The following text is for questions 10 – 14. Read and
B. bader
complete the blanks.
C. worse
Dadang and Rahmat are twins. They look the
D. worst
same, but they have some differences.
Dadang is 39 kg, but Rahmat is 47 kg. so,
Rahmat is …(10) than Dadang. Rahmat is 160
cm tall, but Dadang is 163 cm tall. So Dadang

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NAME : __________________________
CLASS : VIII - DATE : 2019
LINGKING WORDS
Lingking words are words that link one part of a sentence with another.
Because, why, so connect words for reasoning or cause and effect.
Although and but connect words that are different and do not normally go together.
And, but, so connect two independent sentences. And and but can connect two noun phrases.
Because, although connect a dependent clause and an independent clause.

Examples :
 I’m happy because today is my birthday.
 I want to tell you why I’m late today.
 I woke up late so I arrived to school late too.
 Although he is a rich person, he isn’t proud of himself.
 He is a famous film star, but he is humble.

LATIHAN PERTEMUAN 2
1. We buy fruit … vegetables at the grocery store. C. why
A. although D. because
B. why 7. The weather was cold … windy.
C. and A. but
D. but B. and
2. We are tired … we still want to continue the work. C. because
A. but D. although
B. and 8. … she can’t come to the meeting is still a mystery.
C. because A. But
D. although B. Why
3. Salma phoned her friend Lia, … she wasn’t at C. Although
home. D. Because
A. because 9. … you have finished your homework, you can help
B. why me make dinner.
C. and A. But
D. but B. Why
4. The house is warm … comfortable. C. Because
A. and D. Although
B. but 10. The weather was very sunny … rather cold.
C. because A. but
D. although B. and
5. … you’re my best friend. I’ll lend you my new bike. C. because
A. But D. although
B. Why 11. I’m older than Ana … younger than Jack.
C. Because A. and
D. Although B. but
6. There were several cars … trucks in the street. C. because
A. but D. although
B. and 12. We like going shopping … visiting museums.
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A. but C. Because
B. and D. Although
C. because 17. I sat down … I was feeling tired.
D. although A. but
13. I will tell her … I was late this morning. She must B. and
know my reason. C. because
A. why D. although
B. but 18. … we arrived late, we missed the beginning of the
C. and film.
D. because A. But
14. Some of my toys are dirty … a bit broken. B. Why
A. why C. Because
B. but D. Although
C. and 19. I will take an apple … it is the only fruit in the
D. because bowl.
15. I switched on the TV, … there were no interesting A. but
programs on. B. why
A. but C. because
B. and D. although
C. because 20. The car is very old … still very reliable.
D. although A. and
16. … Grandpa is old, he’s still very fit. B. but
A. But C. because
B. And D. although

SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple past tense
 The purpose of simple past tense is to talk about things that happened in the past.
 The word was and were are the simple past forms of the verb be.
o Mom was angry when she saw the broken vase.
o You were nasty to me.
o It was six o’clock when we got home.
o Anis and I were in the garden.
 The form is;
o Positive

Subject + to be (was, were) + adjective

I
He
was
She
It happy.
You
We were
They
o Negative

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Subject + to be (was, were) + not + adjective

I
He was not
She (wasn’t)
It happy.
You
were not
We
(weren’t)
They
o Question

Verb to be (was, were) + subject + adjective

I
Was he
she
it happy.
you
Were we
they

 Verb in past form

o The simple past tense is usually made by adding –ed to the verb.
 I opened the door and looked inside.
 She laughed when I told her the joke.
 We walked to school yesterday.
o If a verb ends in e, just add d to make the simple past tense.
 Who closed all the windows?
 We lived in that house when I was a baby.
 She smiled when she saw me.
o If a verb ends in y, change the y to i before adding –ed.
 I carried my mom’s shopping bag.
 We hurried to the station to catch the train.
 Dad tried to help to help me with my homework.
o With some short verbs that end in a consonant, you must double the consonant before adding –ed.
 I climbed over the fence and ripped my shirt.
 The stranger grabbed my arm.
 He slammed the door and walked off angrily.
 Irregular verb
Remember that the simple past tense of most verbs is made by adding –ed at the end: look becomes looked. Notice
that the simple past tense of these common irregular verbs is quite different.
Irregular verb Simple past tense
Break Broke
Bring Brought
Catch Caught
Do Did
Get Got
Have Had

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 The simple past tense of other irregular verbs does not change at all.
Verb Simple past tense Example
cost cost I bought a new CD. It cost twenty dollars.
hit hit She hit the ball into a neighbour’s garden.
hurt hurt I hurt my leg when I jumped off the wall.
put put The tea tasted horrible because I put too much sugar in it.
read read Dad read us a story last night.

With sometimes, often, always, usually, never, occasionally (adverbs of frequency). These adverb usually go
before the present simple verb.
o The students sometimes visit the museum.
o We always wash our hand

Past continuous Tense / Past Progressive Tense

 Past continuous tense is used to talk about things that were happening in the past and had not stopped
happening.
 To make the continuous tense, use was or were and a verb that ends with ing, for example:
o I was reading a novel.
o Alice was painting a flower.
o They were all singing at the party.
o The children weren’t listening to the teacher.
o We were looking for our cat, Missy
 You can also use the past continuous tense to say what was happening when something else happened, for
example:
o Arif was doing his match homework when his phone rang.
o Dad was washing the car when I got home.
o When I saw Lastri, she was crying in the park.
o We were all enjoying the music when the power went out.
o What were they doing when the guests came?
 The form is;
o Positives

Subject + to be (was, were) + (verb + -ing)

o Questions

To be (am, is, are) + subject + (verb + -ing)

o Short answer
I I
she she
was wasn’t
he he
Yes, It No, It
we we
you are you weren’t
they they

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o Negatives

 The word was and were are the simple past forms of the verb be.

LATIHAN PERTEMUAN 2
Choose the correct answer by crossing out A, B, C, or D.
1. Tina : What were you doing when I called you? A. Left C. leave
Nova : … B. Leaving D. to leave
A. I was taking a bath 6. Did you … your grandparents last week?
B. I was doing fine. A. Visit C. visited
C. I didn’t call you. B. To visit D. visiting
D. I was glad. 7. Where … you last night? I was looking for you.
2. The girls were dancing Gambyong when the A. Did C. are
visitors … into the hall. B. Was D. were
A. Come C. coming 8. Last year the Independence Day celebration was
B. Came D. to coming fun. We … a lot of great competitions.
3. The people were … soundly when the earthquake A. To have C. having
happened. B. Have D. had
A. Slept C. sleep 9. I … the letter two days ago. Have you received it?
B. To sleep D. sleeping A. Sending C. to send
4. The cat was chasing the mouse when it … the B. Send D. sent
vase. 10. They didn’t come to the party yesterday because
A. Break C. broke we didn’t … them.
B. Broken D. breaking A. Invite C. invited
5. Diana … the house last night. B. Inviting D. to invite

NAME : __________________________
CLASS : VIII - DATE : 2019
QUANTIFYING DETERMINERS
Much, many, a lot of
Examples:
 We don’t have much time.
 Are there many students in the hall?
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 There are a lot of trees in this school.

1. Much – with uncountable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
2. Many – with plural countable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
3. A lot of – with plural countable nouns, usually in positive sentences but we sometimes use a lot of in questions
and negative sentences.
4. To ask about quantity, we use:
a. How much + uncountable noun
Example : How much milk did you buy?
b. How many + plural countable noun
Example: How many students are there in the bus?
5. In short answers, we can use much or many without a noun:
a. Do you have any…?
i. Yes, but not much/many.
ii. No, not much/many
A few, a little
Examples:
 There are a few glasses in the cupboard.
 I’d like a little milk in my tea, please.
 Do you have any potatoes? Yes, we have a few.
 Do you have any homework to do? Yes, a little.
1. A few + plural countable noun.
2. A little + uncountable noun
3. In short answers, no nouns are necessary after a few or a little.
 Examples:
o Do you have any money? Yes, I have a little.
o Are there many people on the beach? Yes, there are few.

LATIHAN PERTEMUAN 3
1. We have … time to play. We must study to 6. I don’t have breakfast before school but I drink …
prepare ourselves for the final test. milk.
A. A lot of C. much A. A lot of C. A little
B. A little D. a few B. A few D. many
2. There’s … rice left. It won’t be enough for all of us. 7. How … students are there in the classroom?
A. A little C. A few A. Much C. Many
B. A lot D. many B. Some D. any
3. Does the teacher give you … homework? 8. How … money do you have?
A. A lot of C. A few A. Much C. Many
B. Many D. some B. Some D. any
4. There’s … ice cream in the fridge. You can have it 9. The soup tastes awful because I put too … salt in
as much as you like. it.
A. A lot of C. A few A. Many C. Much
B. Many D. any B. Little D. few
5. … students are absent today. 10. The coffee is bitter. I must put … sugar in it.
A. A little C. A few A. Some C. many
B. Much D. any B. A few D. any
11. Do you read … good books?
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A. Some C. Much 16. Hurry up! We only have … time before the train
B. A little D. A lot of leaves.
12. I usually receive a lot of emails from my fans, but I A. A lot of C. A little
only got … B. A few D. much
A. Many C. Much 17. We saw … beautiful scenery when we went to
B. A few D. A little Pontianak.
13. There aren’t … car parks in the center of A. Much C. Some
Semarang University. B. A little D. any
A. Many C. Much 18. There are a … shops near the school.
B. A few D. A little A. Any C. Few
14. Eating out is expensive here. There aren’t … cheap B. Little D. many
restaurants. 19. It’s very quiet. There aren’t … people here today.
A. Any C. Much A. Many C. Much
B. A few D. A lot of B. A few D. A little
15. Malang has … good zoos. 20. There are … expensive new flats next to the river.
A. A lot of C. A little A. Any C. Much
B. Much D. any B. A little D. A lot of

Complete the sentences using a few or a little.

21. I always take … books with me to read on a trip.
22. Can I have just … milk, please?
23. I saw … swans in the lake.
24. “Is there any shampoo in the bathroom?” “Yes, there’s ….
25. The gardener plants … flowers in the garden.
26. I only put … sugar in my tea because I know sugar is bad for my teeth.
27. I have … ideas about where we are going to go on the next holiday.
28. She is on diet. She only eats … meat.
29. The film is good, but only … people come to watch it.
30. There is only … jam in the jar.

NAME : __________________________
CLASS : VIII - DATE : 2019
Language Function

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 Asking for approval

o Is that all right?
o Do you think…?
 Refusing and giving permission
o Yes, certainly
o I’m afraid I can’t let you stay until night
 Expressions to invite others
o Would you like to …?
o Shall we …?
WH- Questions
 Study the following examples.
 Who ate the apple?
 Whom dis you meet at the post office?
 What made you cry?
 When did you see him?
 Where did you buy the dress?
You can use WH- to build a question.
 Who is used for subjects.
 Whom is used for objects.
 Who and Whom are used if the subject and object of the sentence are living things.
 What is used to ask the subject or object of a question.
 What is used if the subject or object is not a living thing.
 When is used to ask about time.
 Where is used to ask about place.

RECOUNT
 Social function :
o To give the audience a description of what occurred and when it occurred
o To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining
 Characteristic of Recount Text

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 A recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to
entertaining or informing the reader.
 Orientation tell who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it
happened.
Example : Last night, I read an article about adolescence in a magazine.
 Events (event 1 and 2) tell what happened and in what sequence.
Example : After I finished reading the article, I remembered my own adolescence; To divert my
emotions, I took many extra curricular activities.
 Reorientation consist of optional-closure of events/ending.
Example : I was able to control my emotions and to have a place where I could express my creativity in
positive ways.
 The features are including Who? Where? When? Why? Noun or pronoun, and past tense.
Examples : I, at home, last night, a magazine, I took…

LATIHAN PERTEMUAN 4
Last night, I read an article about adolescence in a magazine. I learned that it was a time of change
between childhood and adulthood.
After I finished reading the article from the magazine, I remembered my own adolescence. I was
fourteen at that time. I felt very emotional about everything. But I tried to learn more about myself. I tried to
discover what I wanted to do,a nd what kind of people I wanted to be.
To divert my emotions, I took many extra curricular activities. I took piano lessons on Mondays. On
Tuesday, I joined an English course. Then on Wednesday and Thursday, I had extra science and math lesson.
Fridays, it was my time to play basketball with my friends. Finally, I spent most of my weekends with my family.
I was able to control my emotions and to have a place where I could express my creativity in positive
ways.

Answer the following questions based on the text.

1. Where did the writer find out about adolescence?
2. What is adolescence?
3. Is adolescence a period of physical growth only?
4. How old was the writer when he experienced adolescence?
5. How did it make him feel?
6. What did the writer do to divert his emotions?
7. When did the writer spend the days with his family?
8. Did the writer benefit from the activities?

Botanical Garden
I went to a botanical garden. It was large, landscaped parks where plants were grown for scientific purposes
and for public display. People could stroll down flowers bordered paths or sat on benches and admired the beautiful
plants. Most of the plants were labelled with their popular as well as their scientific names.
In greenhouses, long low buildings made of glass and artificially heated; the more delicate plants were
cultivated.
One of the greatest botanical gardens in the world today is the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, England. It is
commonly known as Kew Gardens. One of the largest botanical gardens in the United States is the New York
Botanical gardens, Bronx, New York, ehich contains 13,000 species varieties of plants.

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1. What are botanical gardens? They are large, A. Round seat C. equilateral seat
landscaped parks where … are grown. B. Short seat D. long seat
A. Trees C. plants 5. What is a greenhouse? It is a long, low building
B. Shrubs D. vegetables made of … and atificially heated.
2. What are botanical gardens used for? All the A. Stone C. bricks
answers are correct, except … B. Glass D. wood
A. For camping 6. The delicate plants are cultivated. One of the
B. For scientific researches following is not the meaning of delicate
C. Fr scientific purposes A. Fine C. tender
D. For public display B. Soft D. harsh
3. What are most of the plants labelled with? All the 7. Where is the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew?
answer are correct, except… A. In Europe C. In England
A. With their scientific names B. In West Europe D. In East Europe
B. With their popular names 8. Where is the botanical garden in West Java?
C. With their unfamiliar names A. Bandung Botanical Garden.
D. With their familiar names B. Bogor Botanical Garden.
4. What is a bench? It is a/an … made of wood or C. Sukabumi Botanical Garden.
stone. D. Lembang Botanical Garden.
Last Sunday morning, Bob and I went cycling. He is my younger brother. We started from home at
5.15. We went cycling to the Marunda Beach that located about 1 kilometer from our house. We rode over
the Marunda factory zone to reach the beach. Many people went cycling too. We arrived at the beach half
hour later. We saw many people at the beach. There was a “No swimming” warning board at the beach but
some children swam there, ignoring the sign. The rubbish was everywhere so it looked very dirty. Mangrove
trees grew on the right side so they made the scenery look beautiful.
After taking arrest for about fifteen minutes, we decided to go home because the sun started to shine
brightly. Although we were very tired, Bob and I felt happy because we seldom spent time together.

9. The text above tells us about … 11. The writer went cycling with her …
A. Spending time at the beach. A. uncle C. people
B. Cycling to the beach. B. cousins D. brother
C. The beautiful scenery at the beach. 12. “The rubbish was everywhere so it looked very
D. The people at the beach. dirty.” (paragraph 2)
10. What time did they arrive at the beach? The underlined word refers to …
A. At five fifteen C. At six fifteen A. the board C. the factory
B. At fifteen to six D. At half to six B. the beach D. the rubbish
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Dela : … our new teacher? B. Congratulations D. I’m sorry
Andi : I think she is a very good teaacher. She is 15. Nana : … another cup of tea, please?
veru nice and explains the lessons very well. Waitres : yes, of course.
A. Have you seen A. Do you think
B. Do you like B. Would you
C. May I have C. Can you
D. What do you think about D. May I have
14. Leo : Mum, I have won the chess competition. 16. The person … you met this morning was my uncle.
Mother : … A. Who C. that
A. Of course C. Sure B. Whom D. which

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17. Ucok : … do you live, Putra? 19. Donita : … will you come to my house?
Putra : I live at Salon Makmur Sentosa No. 62. Dikdik : At 7 p.m.
A. Why C. When A. Who C. When
B. Who D. Where B. Why D. Where
18. Alan : … did you see in that house last night? 20. Elsa : … did eat my apple on the table?
Mike : I saw a shadow there. Keke : I did.
A. What C. Whom A. Where C. Whom
B. Who D. Where B. Who D. What

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