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    CPE615-Lecture 8 Industrial Hygiene

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    Naufal Rafif Lupiko
    The document discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including identifying potential workplace hazards, evaluating employee exposure levels through monitoring and sampling, and controlling hazards through environmental and personal protective controls. It provides examples of calculating time-weighted average exposure levels and mixture exposure limits to determine if employees are overexposed. The goal of industrial hygiene is to safely handle toxic chemicals through properly applying hazard identification, exposure evaluation, and exposure control principles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CPE615-Lecture 8 Industrial Hygiene

    Uploaded by

    Naufal Rafif Lupiko
    79 views17 pages
    The document discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including identifying potential workplace hazards, evaluating employee exposure levels through monitoring and sampling, and controlling hazards through environmental and personal protective controls. It provides examples of calculating time-weighted average exposure levels and mixture exposure limits to determine if employees are overexposed. The goal of industrial hygiene is to safely handle toxic chemicals through properly applying hazard identification, exposure evaluation, and exposure control principles.

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    The document discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including identifying potential workplace hazards, evaluating employee exposure levels through monitoring and sampling, and controlling hazards through environmental and personal protective controls. It provides examples of calculating time-weighted average exposure levels and mixture exposure limits to determine if employees are overexposed. The goal of industrial hygiene is to safely handle toxic chemicals through properly applying hazard identification, exposure evaluation, and exposure control principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views17 pages

    CPE615-Lecture 8 Industrial Hygiene

    Uploaded by

    Naufal Rafif Lupiko
    The document discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including identifying potential workplace hazards, evaluating employee exposure levels through monitoring and sampling, and controlling hazards through environmental and personal protective controls. It provides examples of calculating time-weighted average exposure levels and mixture exposure limits to determine if employees are overexposed. The goal of industrial hygiene is to safely handle toxic chemicals through properly applying hazard identification, exposure evaluation, and exposure control principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Faculty of Chemical Engineering

    Universiti Teknologi MARA

    Industrial Hygiene

    Process Safety - CPE615


    Introduction
    • Industrial hygiene: a science devoted to the
    identification, evaluation, and control of occupational
    conditions that cause sickness and injury.

    Process Safety - CPE615


    • Typical activities involving industrial hygiene:
    • monitoring toxic airborne vapour concentration,
    • reducing toxic airborne vapours through the use of
    ventilation,
    • selecting proper PPE to prevent worker exposure,
    • developing procedures for the handling of hazardous
    materials,
    • monitoring and reducing noise, heat, radiation, etc.
    Introduction

    • Three phases in any industrial hygiene project:


    ▪ Identification: determination of the presence or possibility
    of workplace exposure.

    Process Safety - CPE615


    ▪ Evaluation: determination of the magnitude of the exposure.
    ▪ Control: application of appropriate technology to reduce
    workplace exposures to acceptable levels.
    • Toxic chemicals can be handled safely when principles
    of industrial hygiene are appropriately applied.
    Identification
    • During the
    identification step,
    the potential
    hazards and

    Process Safety - CPE615


    methods of contact
    are identified and
    recorded.
    Data required for hazard
    identification

    Process Safety - CPE615


    Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
    • One of the most important references used during an
    industrial hygiene study involving toxic chemicals is the SDS.
    • SDS lists the physical properties of substance that may be
    required to determine the potential hazards of the substance.
    It also can be used to develop a strategy for proper control

    Process Safety - CPE615


    and handling of the chemicals.
    • SDS available from:
    • The chemical manufacturer
    • A commercial source
    • A private library developed by the chemical plant
    SDS
    example

    Process Safety - CPE615


    Source:
    https://www.chaffey.edu
    /environmental_health_
    safety/MSDS.shtml
    Evaluation

    • The evaluation phase determines the extent and


    degree of employee exposure to toxicants and
    physical hazards in the workplace environment.

    Process Safety - CPE615


    • A direct method for determining worker exposures is
    by continuously monitoring the air concentrations of
    toxicants on-line in a work environment.
    • Continuous monitoring is not the usual situation
    because most facilities do not have the necessary
    equipment available.
    Evaluation
    • The more usual case is for intermittent samples to be
    obtained, representing worker exposures at fixed
    points in time.

    Process Safety - CPE615


    • If we assume that the concentration Ci is fixed (or
    averaged) over the period of time Ti, the TWA
    concentration is computed by:

    C1T1 + C2T2 + .... + CnTn


    TWA = ………………….(1.1)
    8 hr
    Evaluation
    • If more than one chemical is present in the workplace,
    we assume that the effects of the toxicants are
    additive.
    • The combined exposures from multiple toxicants with

    Process Safety - CPE615


    different TLV-TWA is determined from the equation:
    n


    Ci
    ………………….(1.2)
    i =1
    (TLV − TWA )i
    Where,
    n is the total number of toxicants
    Ci is the concentration of chemical i with respect to the other toxicants
    (TLV-TWA)i is the TLV-TWA for chemical species i.
    Evaluation
    • If the sum in equation 1.2 exceeds 1, then the workers
    are overexposed.
    • The mixture TLV-TWA can be computed from

    Process Safety - CPE615


    n

    C
    i =1
    i
    (TLV − TWA )mix = n
    ………………….(1.3)

    Ci
    i =1
    (TLV − TWA) i

    • If the sum of the concentrations of the toxicants in the


    mixture exceeds this amount, then the workers are
    overexposed.
    Example 1
    Air contains 5 ppm of diethylamine (TLV-TWA of 10
    ppm), 20 ppm of cyclohexanol (TLV-TWA of 50 ppm)
    and 10 ppm of propylene oxide (TLV-TWA of 20 ppm).

    Process Safety - CPE615


    What is the mixture TLV-TWA and has this level been
    exceeded?
    Answer:
    Use eq 1.3, (TLV-TWA)mix = 25 ppm
    The total mixture concentration = 35 ppm EXCEED
    OR
    Use eq 1.2, you get 1.40 which is bigger than 1.
    So, exceed TLV-TWA
    Example 2
    Determine the 8-hr TWA worker exposure if the worker
    is exposed to Turpentine vapours as follows:
    Duration of exposure (hr) Measured concentration

    Process Safety - CPE615


    2 110
    2 330
    4 90

    Answer:
    Use eq 1.1, TWA = 155 ppm
    Because TLV-TWA of turpentine is 100 ppm, the
    worker is overexposed.
    Example 3
    Determine whether the following noise level is
    permissible with no additional control features:
    Noise Level (dBA) Duration (hr) Maximum Allowed (hr)

    Process Safety - CPE615


    85 3.6 No limit
    95 3.0 4
    110 0.5 0.5

    Answer:
    Use eq 1.2, the sum = 1.75 Exceed 1.0
    Employees in this environment are required
    to wear ear protection
    Example 4
    Determine the TLV for a uniform mixture of dusts
    containing the following particles:
    Type of dust Concentration TLV (mppcf)

    Process Safety - CPE615


    (wt%)
    Nonasbestiform talc 70 20
    Quartz 30 2.7

    Answer:

    Use eq 1.3, TLV of mixture = 6.8 mppcf


    Control
    • After potential health hazards are identified and
    evaluated, the appropriate control techniques must
    be developed and installed.

    Process Safety - CPE615


    • This requires the application of appropriate
    technology for reducing workplace exposures.
    • The two major control techniques:
    ▪ Environmental Control
    ▪ Personal Protection
    Control
    • Environmental Control
    ▪ Enclosures
    ▪ Ventilations
    ▪ Wet Methods (to minimise contamination with dusts)

    Process Safety - CPE615


    ▪ Good Housekeeping
    • Personal Protection (last line of defense)
    ▪ Safety glasses
    ▪ Face shields
    ▪ Aprons
    ▪ Space suits
    ▪ Ear plugs

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