Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide (H S) From Wastewater Using Chemical Oxidation and Red Mud-A Comparative Study

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) FROM
WASTEWATER USING CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND RED

MUD- A COMPARATIVE STUDY
PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 40S_BE_0427
COLLEGE : K.L.ES DR M S SHESHGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY, BELAGAVI
BRANCH : DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GUIDE : PROF. SATEESH N. HOSAMANE
STUDENTS : MR. NAIHAL S. BAGEWADI
MS. ANUSHA M. GARCHINMATH
MS. JAYALAXMI SAUNSHI
MR. ALLARD M. MUDGAL
OVERVIEW:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S),is a colorless gas with characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs, a
gas detectable in very low concentrations and notable for both its toxicity and its ability to
corrode various materials used in sewer and treatment plant construction, is a major source of
odor in wastewater treatment systems.H2S in wastewater is a serious issue in the dairy,
pharmaceuticals, iron and steel, sugar, paper and pulp manufacturing industries H2S gas which is
poisonous, corrosive, and flammable. Possesses health associated problems to respiratory
system, central nervous system, various types of skin diseases etc. Traditional sanitary sewer
and waste water treatment design practice has not fully acknowledged the importance of
corrosion and odor control, as evidenced by widespread occurrence of sulfide and odor control
problems throughout all sanitary sewers and waste water treatment facilities. Hydrogen sulfide
is extremely hazardous to public health and environment. As the concentration of H2S increases
in the water, it becomes more harmful for the people living around. This waste water can be
converted to H2S free water by treating with Red mud and chemical oxidants. The problem have
great impact on various industries where large amount of waste water is generated. Groundwater
concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are generally less than 1 ppm; however, measured sulfur
concentrations in surface and waste waters have ranged from slightly less than 1 to 5 ppm.
Hydrogen sulfide limit by central pollution control board
• For industrial area = 80mg/m3
• For residential rural and other areas = 60mg/m3
• For sensitive area = 15mg/m3
The objectives of this project on removal of Hydrogen sulfide from wastewater is as

follows:
1. Preparation of standard H2S solution
2. Calibration of standard curve for H2S.
3. Measuring various parameters like pH, temperature, time, dosage and correlating them
with H2S concentrations.
4. Selection of chemicals for the oxidation of H2S present in water
5. Comparing the performance of different chemicals and red mud to test their activity for
the removal of H2S.
6. Testing the efficiency of the chemicals and red mud to reduce H2S, and provide economic
feasibility.
7. Optimization of removal of H2S will be analyzed by using response surface methodology
Methodology:
The method applicable to remove Hydrogen sulphide from wastewater is chemical oxidation.
The chemical oxidants preferred are:
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE:
Generally, 6% of the peroxide is reacted within 15 to 150 minutes, with the reaction
completed in 180 TO 210 minutes. Peroxide also reacts with other components of wastewater
that exhibit an oxygen demand such as BOD and ammonia nitrogen. For this purpose an
additional amount of H2O2 must be added to the required amount needed for H2S so that the
demand of the other oxygen-requiring substances may be satisfied.
pH < 8.5: H2O2 + H2S S + 2H2O
pH > 8.5: 4H2O2 + S2- SO42- + 2H2O
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE:
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) may be considered a liquid form of chlorine, kept in
solution by the incorporation of caustic Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Throughout this study a
12% concentration of NaOCl was utilized. It is used to oxidize H2S and organic leaving a
byproduct of Hydrogen Sulfate (H2SO4) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
H2S + 4 NaOCl H2SO4 + 4 NaCl
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE:
5% KMnO4 was employed to oxidize H2S as well as other organic odors in a wastewater
sample. It is available in crystalline form and can be added to the system in its dry form or in a
concentrated solution prepared onsite. There is a fast reaction between H2S and KMnO4.
3H2S + 2KMnO4 3S + 2H2O + 2KOH + 2MnO2
RED MUD:
Red mud is used as adsorbent. Red mud of about 1 gm, 2 gm, 3gm and so on, was used to
check the absorbance of H2S and the dose was increased and experiment was repeated
Levels of H2S gas are measured by Spectrophotometeric method:
CONSTRUCTION OF CALIBRATION CURVE:

A series of labeled 10mL volumetric flasks were arranged. 1.5mL of 0.0002M Mn(III)
solution was added to each flask. A known but various volumes, 0.1- 0.7 mL of standard sodium
sulphide (20µg mL-1 ) solutions were added to each flask and the solutions were kept aside for
about 5 min to ensure the completion of reaction. Then, 1.0 mL of standard o-tolidine (0.0001M)
solution was added to each flask and the solution in each one of them was diluted to the mark
with water. The solutions were mixed well and kept aside for about 10min. The absorbance of
each solution was measured at 455 nm against water.
0.5
0.45
0.4
Absorbanace at 470nm
0.35
0.3
0.25
y = 0.311x - 0.011
0.2
R² = 0.993
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Concentration of H2s in PPM
Fig 1: Calibration graph for the determination of Hydrogen sulphide under optimized experimental
condition.
Peristaltic pump can be used to supply chemicals through distinct phases.

Measurement of pH, temperature, time and dosage of wastewater.
Samples taken is monitored and the reagents are added for the solids to settle.
Experiments will be conducted by using Red mud and removal efficiency is compared with
chemical oxidation method.
RESULTS:
EXPERIMENTAL
1. Hydrogen peroxide is found to be more efficient than other 2 chemicals to remove H2S.
The removal efficiency is 100% for contact period of 120 min. As the dosage was
increased the time of removal was decreased.
2. Sodium Hypochlorite has removal efficiency of 91% for contact time period of 150 min.
To improve the efficiency some other parameters like pH and temperature should be
considered.
3. Potassium permanganate has removal efficiency of 81.6% with contact time period of
165 min and is less efficient than the above chemicals.
4. Red mud acts as a good adsorbent with the removal efficiency of 100%. As the dose of
red mud was increased, the surface area and adsorbing capacity increased, as it contains
40% of NaOH.
Response surface methodology
It is a Statistical method for optimization of process. The above experiments were
optimized by using Central composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface
Methodology(RSM). The experiments were statistically verified and the model equation is
developed which is used to predict percentage removal of H2S by using chemical oxidation and
red mud.
Expected outcome of the project:
We have successfully completed chemical oxidation method for the removal of H2S (100%). We
found that the chemical methods are relatively costlier since the costs of chemicals involved in
the process are relatively high.
Our basic objective was to show removal of H2S with economic feasibility, therefore, red
mud is a waste produced from alumina industry, it is better option than chemical oxidation
method. We try to develop economical process to remove H2S by using red mud. Optimization
process will be shown in detail for developing further process. Removal of H2S can be
successful by treatment using chemical oxidation, and Red mud. The comparison of the
efficiencies of oxidants and reducing the concentrations of H2S from water.
Application of the project:

This project helps to remove H2S from various industrial waste water , controls the
pollution reduces human associated diseases related to central nervous system ,breathing
problems, respiratory system, hematological system. It can be applicable to both small and large
scale industries.

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REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) FROM

WASTEWATER USING CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND RED

PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 40S_BE_0427

COLLEGE : K.L.ES DR M S SHESHGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

The objectives of this project on removal of Hydrogen sulfide from wastewater is as

pH < 8.5: H2O2 + H2S S + 2H2O

pH > 8.5: 4H2O2 + S2- SO42- + 2H2O

H2S + 4 NaOCl H2SO4 + 4 NaCl

3H2S + 2KMnO4 3S + 2H2O + 2KOH + 2MnO2

Levels of H2S gas are measured by Spectrophotometeric method:

CONSTRUCTION OF CALIBRATION CURVE:

Peristaltic pump can be used to supply chemicals through distinct phases.

Application of the project:

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