ABYC P-21 July, 2017 Machinery Division Standard ® Control Systems Project Technical Setting Standards for Sater Boating Committee The ABYC Standards and Technical Information Reports for Small Craft are the product of a consensus of representatives of government, industry and public sectors. Its intended solely as a guide fo aid manufacturers and the marine community in the design, construction, equipage and maintenance of small erat ABYC reviews each standard at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or withdrawn. ABYC welcomes any written comments on the Standards and Technical Information Reports ABYC P-21 MANUAL HYDRAULIC STEERING SYSTEMS © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc.P21 m7 CONTROL SYSTEMS PROJECT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Richard Kolb, Chair Eric Johnson, Vice Chair Wiliam Diekie Walter Laird Daniel Ostrosky Brian Dudra David Marlow Jason Richards Dwight Escalera Robert Newsome Niel Schueller This ist represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of ABYC or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. This standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards, The Project Technical Committee that approved the standard was balanced to ensure that individuals from competent land concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. This standard, which is the result of extended and careful consideration of available knowledge and experience on the subject, is intended to provide minimum performance requirements, ABYC's Project Technical Committee meetings are open to the public. All contact regarding standards activity, inerpretations, or meeting attendance should be directed to the ABYC Technical Department at [email protected] ABYC and its committees do not “approve", ‘certify’, of “endorse” any item, construction, or proprietary device, REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATIONS Upon written request, the Control Systems PTC will render an interpretation of any requirement of the standard. The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. Requests should be presented to the PTC in a manner in which they may be answered in a yes or no fashion. The committee reserves the night to reconsider any interpretation when or if additional information which might affect, it becomes available to the PTC. Persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the Committee for reinterpretation (©2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc.aia 22 213 2nd 215 218 27 218 21.9 2110 aaa P.21 MANUAL HYDRAULIC STEERING SYSTEMS Table of Contents PURPOSE SCOPE REFERENCES: DEFINITIONS. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. MATERIALS OUTBOARD ENGINES AND STERNDRIVES STEERING SYSTEM INSTALLATION STEERING SYSTEM TESTING. (OWNERS MANUAL AND COLLATERAL LITERATURE. FIGURE 1 - Engine Mounted Steering Tube. FIGURE 2 - Tit Axis Location for Through Tilt Axis Steering FIGURE 3 - Typical System Schematic FIGURE 4 - Steering Wheel and Helm Shaft Fits FIGURE 5 - Steering Wheels. FIGURE 6 - Steering Helm Impact Test Fixture, FIGURE 7 - System Torque Example. FIGURE AP.1A - Outboard Engine Connection - Side View. FIGURE AP.1B - Outboard Engine Connection - Plan View. FIGURE AP.1C - Outboard Engine Connection - Top View. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT P21 717 © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc.P21 717 P.21 MANUAL HYDRAULIC STEERING SYSTEMS Based on ABYC’s assessment of the existing technology, and the problems associated with achieving the goals of this standard, ABYC recommends compliance with this standard for all boats, associated equipment, and systems manufactured after July 31, 2018 21.1 PURPOSE This standard is a guide for the design, construction, and installation of remote manual hydraulic steering systems, {and their major components, 212 SCOPE This standard applies to engine mounted and boat mounted remote manual hydraulic steering systems used with single, twin, tiple and quadruple engine installations of outboard engines over 20 horsepower (14.9 kW) per outboard engine, as well as single and twin engine inboard, sterndrive, and water jt drives. EXCEPTION: Devices covered under ABYC H-30, Hydraulic Systems, NOTE: In all steering systems, the hydraulic portions of the system must comply with relevant sections of this standard. 21.3 REFERENCES The following references form a part ofthis standard. Unless othenwise noted, the atest version of the referenced standards shall apply. 21.3.1 ABYC - American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc., 613 Third Street, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403, Phone: (410) 990-4460. Fax: (410) 990-4466. Website: wr, abycinc.or ABYC H-5. Boat Load Capacity ABYC H-30, Hydraulic Systems ABYC P-17. Mechanical Steering Systems ABYC P-22" Steering Wheels ABYC S-12, Outboard Engine, Transom, and Engine Well Dimensions 21.32 CFR - Code of Federal Regulations and other government publications. May be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Information, PO Box 371854, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954, Phone: (202) 512-1800. Fax: (202) 512-2104, Website: www access, qpo gov An excerpted edition of the CFR is also available from ABYC, Inc. 33 CFR 183 21.3.3 SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. Phone: (724) 776-4870. Fax: (724) 776-0790. Website: wiv sae.010 ‘SAE J517 JUNQS, Hydraulic Hose ‘SAE 11047 JUNSO, Tubing - Motor Vehicle Brake System Hydraulic ‘SAE J1273 OCT96, Selection, installation, and Maintenance of Hose and Hose Assemblies 21.4 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this standard, the folowing definitions apply 21.4.1 Boat mounted steering system - a steering system in which the reactionary forces of the output hydraulic Steering device are resisted by the boat. 21.42 Burst pressure - the pressure at which the system exceeds the ultimate strength of the weakest hydraulic Component resulting in a release of hydraulic ud, (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 1P21 77 2143 Component interface - a mechanical or hydraulic interface at 2 point in the steering system where a Connection is made between components that are not supplied as part of the same assembly kit, eg. if hydraulic lines are ot shipped as part ofthe steering ki, there is an interface between the helm and hydraulc lines, and between the output deviee and hycrauic lines, 21.431 Hydraulic interface - an interface between two or more hydraulic components where force and mation are transmitted by hydraulic fu. 214.32 Mechanical interface - an interface where force and motion are transmitted mechanically. 21.4.4 Component proof pressure - the pressure rating for helms, lines, fittings and output devices which at this pressure the component performs as intended, 21.4.5 Component working pressure - the pressure equivalent to one-half of the component proof pressure, 21.4.8 Drag link link rod or link arm) - a mechanical device used in a steering system by which the force of the output device is transmitted to the steering arm in either a boat mounted or engine mounted steering system. 21.47 Engine mounted steering system - a steering system in which the reactionary forces of the output hydraulic steering device are resisted by the propulsion device. 21.4.8 Helm displacement - output volume of hydraulic fluid moved per helm revolution 21.4.9 Hydraulic helm - a mechanism, exclusive of the steering wheel or other steering means, through which ‘operator input force is converted to hydraulic pressure and flow. 21.4.10 Manual hydraulic system - a steering system which utlizes @ hydraulic helm to convert operator steering inputs into hydraulic pressure and flow to actuate an output device with no additional energy source, 21.4.11 Minimum retained system performance - system capabilly after test(s) such that at least 90% of the tengine steering arm travel normally available each side of the mid-position may be attained by exertion of no more than 20 foot-pounds (27 Newton-meters) of torque at the helm through the wheel or other control device. This criterion does not define steering system performance while a boat is underway, but is intended to provide quantitative limits for design and testing purposes. 214.12 Operating temperature range -O°F (-18°C) to 170°F (77°C), 21.413 Output device - a hydraulic cyinder, rotary actuator, or other device that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into force on, and movement of, the steerable device. 214.14 Rate of steering response - the ratio of output movement to input movement 21.4.15 Steering system - an assembly, that includes all components necessary to transmit remote manual effort to the rudder andior steerable thrust 21.4.15.1 Boat steering system - an assembly that includes all components necessary to transmit remote manual effort to the rudder, sterndrive, waterjet dive, or outboard engine. 21.4.15.2 Engine steering system - an assembly that includes all components necessary to transmit remote manual effort from the boat steering system to steerable thrust. 21.4.16 Storage temperature range - 40°F (-40°C) to 185°F (85°C) 214.17 System design peak pressure 214.171 _ For Single and Twin engines: the greater ofthe pressures generated by the application of ether 1233 foot. pounds (1672 Newton-meters) system torque applied to the steering axis (or axes) of the outboard engine(s), inboard, stemdrive, of waterjet drive(s), or a single tangential load of 100 lbs. (445 Newtons), or system relief pressure if relief activates during application of a 100 pound (445 Newtons) load atthe steering wheel rim or handgrip with the maximum ciameter wheel specified forthe helm, © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 2P21 717 21.4.172 For Triple and Quadruple Outboard engines: the greater ofthe pressures generated by the application of tither 2466 foot-pounds (3344 Newton-meters) system torque applied to the steering axes ofthe outboard engines, or a single tangential load of 100 Ibs. (445 Newtons), or system relief pressure if relief activates during application of a 100 pound (445 Newtons) load atthe steering wheel rim or handgrip withthe maximum clameter wheel specified forthe helm. 21.418 System proof pressure - the pressure attained by a system if equipped with an activated pressure reli device, or a single tangential load of 100 lbs. (445 Newtons) at the steering wheel rim or handgrip with the maximum diameter wheel specified forthe helm 21.4.19 System relief pressure - the pressure at which the relief device activates. 21.4.20 System torque - the total, additive, combined torque applied to the outboard engine(s) axis (or axes) that is resisted by the component(s) of the steering system (see FIGURE 7) 21.4.21 System working pressure - the pressure equivalent to one-half of the system proof pressure. 21.422 Multiple engine installation - two, three, or four outboard engines, normally used simultaneously for a boat's main propulsion, controlled by a common steering system. 21.4.23 Twin engine installation - two inboard, sterndrive, or waterjet drive engines, normally used simultaneously for a boat's main propulsion, controled by a common steering system. 21.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 21.5.1 The manufacturers of steering and control systems andlor components for such systems shall provide information about the equipment to include, at @ minimum, the following: 215.11 For installers 21.5.1.1.1 installation instructions, and 215.112 — testprocedures, 215.12 For owners and operators; 215.121 operating instructions, 21.5.12.2 cautions and warnings, 21.5.12.3 maintenance procedures, and 21.5.1.2.4 trouble shooting guidelines. 21.52 For boats with outboard engines, the boat steering system shall be complete to the interface point as defined in ABYC P-17, Mechanical Steering Systems, for connection to the drag link supplied with the engine, of provide an altemative means to connect the output device to the engine such that the loading magnitude and offset are consistent with the tiler arm’s intended purpose. In all other boats, the steering system shall be complete to the output connection point, 21.53 All threaded fasteners whose integrity affects operation of the system such that separation or loss of the fastener would cause sudden loss of steering without warning shall be provided with a locking means. EXCEPTION: Hydraulic fitings 21.5.4 Threaded fasteners whose integrity affects operation of the system such that separation or loss of the fasteners would cause sudden loss of steering without warning, and that may be expected to be disturbed by instalation or adjustment procedures, shall be referenced by instructions for correct assembly, and 21.541 shall be locked by a device whose presence is determined by visual inspection, or by feel, following ‘assembly, or (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 3P21 77 21.542 _ shall incorporate integral locking means, provided the fastener cannot be omitted or substituted without making the system inoperable. EXCEPTION: Hydraulic fitings NOTES: 1. Selfocking nuts with plastic inserts that create mechanical plastic interference or component ‘manufacturer applied thread locking means meet the requirements of P-21.8.4 and its sub-sections. 2. Loose lock washers, distorted thread nuts, or lquid adhesives do not meet the requirements of P- 21,54 and its sub-sections. 21.5.4.3 Devices that use plain threaded jam nuts to permit adjustments shall be designed so that total Separation of parts, or other complete loss of steering, will net accur should they loosen, NOTE: Connection fittings, including ‘quick disconnect’ fitings, relying solely on @ spring or springs for connection integrity, do not meet the requirements ofthis section. 21.55 Hydraulic system components shall not be installed in areas where the operating temperature exceeds 170°F re), 21.56 Storage Temperature Range - All materials used in construction ofthe system and its accessories shall be Capable of withstanding an ambient temperature of ~40°F (-40°C) to 185°F (85°C) NOTE: It is not intended to require operation at these temperatures, but is included to determine that the system will withstand the stipulated storage temperatures. 21.57 All components including, but not limited to, hydraulic lines and fitings, input and output devices, shall be Selected to have a component proof pressure rating no less than the proof pressure rating on the hydraulic helm as indicated by the manufacturer of the helm (see FIGURE 3). 21.58 Components shall have a burst pressure that is no less than the system design peak pressure throughout the normal temperature range and expected burst pressure variation due to manufacture, instalation, environmental exposure, and service loading, or two times component proof pressure whichever is greater. 21.59 Hydraulic lines and fitings shall be selected in accordance with steering equipment manufacturers instructions, and in consideration ofthe guidelines of SAE J1273 OCT96, Selection, instalation, and Maintenance of Hose ‘and Hose Assemblies. NOTE: Flareless fitngs are not recommended above 500 psi system working pressure, 2159.1 __ Hydraulic quick connect fitings whose integrity affects operation ofthe system such that separation or loss Of the connection would cause sudden loss of steering without warning shall incorporate a two stage integral locking ‘means for connection integrity. 21.5.10 The hydraulic steering system, including any pressure relief devices, shall not allow more than 17 degrees of Steering movement about the steering axis of the steerable device, inating at the center and within 13 degrees of center, Under shock load applied tothe steerable device equivalent to system design peak pressure. NOTE: The shock movement requirement is based on an impulse load applied tothe steerable device, and resisted by the steering system with peak amplitude equivalent fo atleast design peak pressure and with at least one-half design peak pressure acting for a duration of at least one-half second. 21.5.1 Steering systems shall cause the steerable device to commence movement about its steering axis at its rate Of steering response when no greater than four percent of the fll range of steering movement ofthe steering wheel or handgrip i imparted tothe steering wheel or handgrip. 21.5.12 Steering systems shall not cause the operator o re-grip the steering whee! or handgrip more frequently than once every 30 seconds due to postion dif of 1/4 turn or more ofthe steering whee! or handgrip relative to the position of the steerable device © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 4P21 717 21.5.13 Component interfaces and hardware shall be capable of withstanding the forces generated by the system ‘operating at system design peak pressure. 21.514 A means shall be provided to prevent the sudden loss of steering synchronization in multiple engine installations that are not mechanically connected 21.5.15 Steering systems and components shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in 1.10. 218 MATERIALS 21.6.1 Materials used in hydraulic systems shall be galvanically compatible or suitably plated to minimize corrosion 21.6.2 Copper base alloys shall be separated from aluminum with a galvanic barier, such as 300 series stainless Steel, or shall be protected from exposure. 21.63 _Matetials used in hydraulic systems shall be resistant to deterioration by the specified hydraulic fluid and by ‘ther liquids or compounds with which the material may come in contact under normal marine services, e.g. grease, lubricating oil, common bilge solvents, and salt and fresh water. 21.64 _ Plastics and elastomers that may be exposed to sunight shall be designed to resist degradation by ultraviolet radiation, Reference SAE J517 JUN95, Hydraulic Hose, and SAE J1047 JUNO, Tubing - Motor Vehicle Brake System Hydraulic 21,7 OUTBOARD ENGINES AND STERNDRIVES 21.7.1 The steering stops on the outboard engine shall permit at least 30 degrees of angular movement either side of center, 21.7.2 Outboard engines shall incorporate the applicable dimensional requirements indicated in FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 2, and 21.721 shall provide space for connection of steering components as indicated in the appendix FIGURE AP.1A FIGURE AP.4B , and FIGURE AP.1C 21.7.3 The outboard engine(s) steering system shall be designed so that, with any combination of engine tur and tit there shall be no damaging interference between the engine(s), its accessories and the boat, provided the engine(s) and the boat are in accordance with the requirements of ABYC S-12, Outboard Engine. Transom,and Engine Well Dimensions. Appropriate writen information and installation instructions shell be provided, clearly indicating the type of steering systems) that should be used with outboard engine(s), NOTE: Use of transom accessories, such as engine lit plates, andior boats that do not comply with ABYC ‘$-12, Outboard Engine, Transom. and Engine Well Dimensions, may result in damaging interference. 21.7.4 Outboard engines shall be designed so that the geometry will ensure that a static load of 750 Ibs. (9306 Newtons) applied atthe steering aim connection point normal to the steering arm in its plane of operation, throughout the maximum steering arc, will not result in steering output device loading greater than those specified in ABYC P-17, Mechanical Steering Systems, 21.7.5 The steering arm of the engine shall be provided with a 38-24 UNF thread, or a plain hole of 0.380 - 10.390 inch (8.6 - 8.8mm) in diameter, at the connection point. 21.7.8 __Stemdrives shall be designed with proper geometry to ensure that a torque of 500 foot-ibs. (878 Newton- meters) applied about the sterndrive steering ax’s will not result in steering component loading greater than that specified in ABYC P-17, Mechanical Steering Systems. 21.8 STEERING SYSTEM 21.8.1 Engine mounted steering systems shall incorporate the dimensional requirements indicated in FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 2, (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 5P21 77 21.82 Steering systems with the end of the output device co-axial with the engine mounting steering tube shall ‘meet the mechanical interface requirements of ABYC P-17, Mechanical Steering Systems. 21.8.3 Boat mounted steering systems and engine mounted steering systems for outboard engine installations. Shall meet the requirements of P-21,7.3. 21.8.4 _ Installation instructions for steering helms shall include recommendations for the maximum diameter, and deepest dish wheel that may be used with the helm (see FIGURE 5). 21.8.5 The maximum diameter and deepest dish wheel information shall be permanently marked on the helm assembly tobe visible when the helm is installed with the wheel removed, 21.8.6 Component Markings 21.861 The hydraulic helm shall be marked by the manufacturer with the system proof pressure to be visible at the front of the helm with the steering whee! installed, or at the back of the installed helm adjacent to the hydraulic line connection location, 21.862 Output devices shall be marked by the component manufacturer with the component proof pressure rating, 21.8.7 The manufacturer's requirement for the hydraulic uid shall be permanently and legibly displayed adjacent to the fling location ofthe system or on the cap. 21.8.8 Steering systems and components shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified inP-21.10 21.8.9 Plastic and elastomers that may be installed in engine compartments shall be designed to resist ‘degradation by ozone. 21.9 INSTALLATION 21.9.1 Hydraulic lines shall be of sufficient length to permit installation of the output device for single or multiple engine installation on those boals designed for multiple outboard engine instalations 21.92 Hydraulic lines shall accommodate the full range of intended trave! without interference with the mechanical interface requirements of an outboard engine steering system per ABYC S-12, Outboard Engine, Transom, and Engine Well Dimensions, including the full range of tt and trim. 21.93 Metallic hydraulic ines shall be installed as required in ABYC H-30, Hydraulic Systems. 21.9.4 Hydraulic lines shall be routed so that the ambient temperature does not exceed the operating temperature range specified for the hydraulic lines used 21.9.4.1 There shall be no joints or connections in hydraulic lines directly over exhaust system components or high temperature manifolds. 21.9.5 Hydraulic lines shall be installed with as few bends as practicable, Bends shall have as large a radius as practicable, and the radius shall not be smaller than the manufacturer's recommended minimum, 21.951 The manufacturer recommended bend radius shall be provided on product or in supporting literature. NOTE: Hydraulic ines and component ports/itings should be cappedl/plugged unti the hydraulic lines ‘and components are fully interconnected to prevent contamination. 21.9.6 Hydraulic lines shall be selected and routed to avoid any stretching, crushing, restricted movement, kinking, or chafing, 21.9.7 Hydraulic lines shall be routed to avoid any contact with sharp edgesiscrews, 21.98 Outboard steering systems, where the hydraulic lines must reciprocate with the steering cylinder, shall use flexible hydraulic hose, and shall not use rigid tubing atthe cylinder connection © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 6P21 717 21.9.9 Ifthe hydraulic ines pass through the side of an outboard engine well, and below the static flat plane, the line penetrations shall be provided with a boot or other means to minimize water ingress. See Title 33, CFR, 183.35(b)(1), and ABYC H-5, Boat Load Capacity. 21.9.10 Ball joints used to connect the steering system to the steerable device shall be installed so that total loss of Steering does not occur ifthe ball separates axially from its socket NOTE: A fat washer larger than the socket bore can meet this requirement. 21.9.11 Steering wheels and helm shafts shall be selected to fit each other. Steering wheels shall meet the Fequirements of ABYC P.22, Steeving Wheele, Current fit configurations are shown in FIGURE 4. 21.10 STEERING SYSTEM TESTING 21.101. Installed Proof Tests - These tests are intended to verity the integrity and function of each steering system as installed in each boat. Tests shall be performed upon onginal installation, when system component changes are made, and when servicing resuils in the disconnection/teconnection of mechanical or hydraulc interfaces, 21.10.11 Each installed steering system shall withstand a proof pressure test at each hard over position without leakage, disconnection, or permanent deflection of system components. The tests shall be conducted as follows: 21.10.1.1.1 A sufficient tangential force shall be applied to the steering wheel rim to cause the hydraulic steering System including the output device to experience system proof pressure for @ minimum duration of 60 seconds during ‘which time all hydraulic, mechanical and component interfaces shall not leak. 21.10.2 System Application Tests - These tests are intended to qualify the application ofa steering system installed in '8 particular mode! of boat rigged with intended output devices, 21.10.21 Installed steering systems shall complete two fll cycles from hard over to hard over during which all moving Components are inspected to confim that no interference or restriction of moving components is present through the full range of travel 21.102.1.1 For outboard engine and sterndrive installations, the requirements of P-21,7.3 shall be confirmed by testing under all combinations of tim, tit, elevation, and steering angle 21.1021.1.1 During this test, installed systems shall demonstrate that no interference between the output device, the steerable device, tiebar, transom, or adjustable engine It plate, splashwel, or other surfaces and 21.102.1.1.2 no stretching, crushing, restricted movement of hydraulic lines, kinking of lines, or chafing of lines ‘against bukhead/splashwell entry points or any other contact point. 21.10.2.2 Installed steering systems shall be tested for conformance to the steering response requirements of 1.5.11 21.1023 Installed steering systems shall be tested for their conformance to the steering regrip requirements of P- 21.5.12. This test shall verify the ability to maintain course. 21.103 Steering System Components Tests 21.10.3.1 Steering system components shall withstand loads in either direction resulting from system design peak pressure, applied to the helm and transmitted to the rudder, sterndrive, water jet drive, or outboard engine, without leakage or permanent deformation of any system component. 21.10.3.2 Steering system components shall withstand a static pressure test at system design peak pressure at the upper and lower limits of the component operating temperature range for their locations. 21.10.3.3 When equipped with the largest diameter and deepest dich steering wheel for which the helm is rated, heim assemblies shall incur no loss of operating function after the following tests. (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 7P21 77 21.10.3.3.1 Axial Load Test - A 150 pound (668 N) push-pull in a direction parallel tothe axis of the steering shaft for ten cycles at a duration of five seconds per loading shall be applied, at any single location distributed over not ‘more than four inches (102 mm) of the 21.10.3.8.1.1 steering wheel rim, or 21.10:3.3.12 handgrip of an external spoke steering wheel, or 21.10.3.3.1.3 handgrip atthe point of maximum leverage on other steering devices, 21,10.3.32 Tangential Load Test - A 100 pound (445 N) load in each direction shall be applied for ten cycles at a uration of five seconds per loading: 21.10.3.32.1 at any pointon the steering wheel rim and tangentially in the plane ofthe steering wheel rim, or 21.103.32.2 atthe center point of any handgrip of an external spoke steering wheel and tangentially in the plane of mation, of 21.10.3.32.3 atthe point of the maximum leverage on other steering devices in the plane of motion at any point ints total steering range. 21.10.3.33 Steering helms shall withstand a single impact energy of 120 foot pounds (163 Nm), at any location fon the rim ofthe steering wheel, without deformation that would cause loss of minimum retained system performance (see FIGURE 6) 21,103.34 Steering helms shall withstand a single impact energy of 200 foot pounds (271 Nm), at any location ‘on the rim ofthe steering wheel without separation of the helm or separation of wheel from helm (see FIGURE 6), NOTE: Steering helms that pass the requirements of P-21.10.3.3.4 and can demonstrate minimum retained system performance are understood to meet the requirements of P-21.10.3.3.3. 21.10.34 In multiple engine applications, where steerable devices are connected, the connection rods) and end fittings shall withstand an axial load of 2,000 Ibs. (8896 N), in tension and compression, without failure. 21.10.35 Cyclic Load Test - Hydraulic helms, component interfaces, lines, valves, and output devices shall ‘withstand a cyclic load applied to the helm and resisted by the steerable device, without causing separation, bursting or failure to meet minimum retained system performance and without requiring additional fui. 21.10.3.5.1 During this test the system speed shall be governed by the output device. 21,103.52 A cycle is defined by helm movement to cause extension of the output device in one direction followed by immediate helm movement reversal to cause output device extension in the opposite direction, 21.10.3.53 The output device shall travel at a rate equivalent to its full range of motion in one stroke direction in three to nine seconds. 21,103.54 Test Loads 21.103.54.1. For Single and Twin engines, the output device shall travel through no less than 80 percent of its Stroke range for 50,000 cycles under a continuous load equivalent to at least 235 ft Ibs. (318.7 Nm) of system torque about the steering axis (or axes) of the steerable device(s) in each direction 21.10.3542 For Triple and Quadruple Outboard engines, the output device shall travel through no less than 80 percent of its stroke range for 50,000 eycles under a continuous load equivalent to at least 470 f-Ibs, (837 4Nm) of system torque about the steering axes of the steerable devices in each direction, NOTE - if two output devices (hydraulically plumbed in parallel) are used in the application of a triple or quadruple engine steering system, then the 2 output devices would share the system load of 470 ft Ibs, resulting in each output device contributing 235 ft. bs of the total system torque 21.10.3.55 Immediately following the 50,000 cycles the system shall complete one cycle at fullrange of motion at {80% of system proof pressure. © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 8P21 m7 21.11 OWNERS MANUAL AND COLLATERAL LITTERATURE 21.11.1 For installation manual requirements see P-21.5.1.1 21.44.2 — For owner's manual requirements see P-21.5.1.2 FIGURE 1 - Engine Mounted Steering Tube ores: 1. Tube may be threaded an equal length on both ends or reversible for port steering installations. 2. All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise noted. FIGURE 2 - Tit Axis Location for Through Tilt Axis Steering & STEERING Axis, ——ol C STEERING ARM t TILT AXIS 1.0" MIN 2.38" MIN. MATING SURFACE NOTE: All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise noted. (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 9P21 77 FIGURE 3 - Typical System Schematic FIGURE 4 - Steering Wheel and Helm Shaft Fits SPLINE SHAFT AND STEERING WHEEL HUB tet | - 1 4 i 138. Zw ist Ww ' } V ose ' 009 ‘isnt en 2058 No. ot Pc 6 Pressueangle 45° Pach Dia, 552 Tooth Thoiness @ P.O. 0580-0565, © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 10 o10MN, Caasance Dameraipich 29.58 No ot ten ie Pressure angle 7 552 teco- onsFIGURE 4 - Steering Wheel And Helm Shaft Fit (con't) ‘TAPERED SQUARE SHAFT AND STEERING WHEEL HUB : 4 i 718 Ye re = — casencom, ' oo ae we ene 1 “x owitore AT ‘TAPERED SHAFT AND STEERING WHEEL HUB 8 hepato Se j 1 1 1 I S Pao Looe » ot # a7 rh NOTE: All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise noted, P21 717 mec. tt = oe it STEERING SHAFT AND WHEEL Fir STO-TAPERED 5a nest SS _t tet R at tearing shaft and wnee ft STD 1.00 IncnFoat taper (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 1P21 77 FIGURE 5 - Steering Wheels oIsH: WHEEL LEVEL LINE ‘STANDARDS DIA. |S MINUS 2” ©2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 12P21 717 FIGURE 6 - Steering Helm Impact Test Fixture \ 1 an) ~o L a ‘ oor s5* ! | 1 1 h ' w D= 9026 inches) 280.15 (meters) W176 (pounds) W= 80 (kg) L = Deos0 (tect) £080 (meters) h=D-L (feet) = L (meters) |= Impact Energy (oot pounds) "5 Impact Energy (Nem) = Win) = W OL) 1= Wh) = WO) neuweui7s N= v80 \ h ' b foot pounds inches Nm meters 120 825, 163 0210 200 1375 an 0.360 FIGURE 7 - System Torque Example © 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 13P21 77 APPENDIX FIGURE AP.1A - Outboard Engine Connection - Side View NOTE: All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise noted. ©2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, ne. 14P21 717 FIGURE AP.1B - Outboard Engine Connection - Plan View “= 2000 Max GSEE NOTE 3 a MIN COWLING ACCESS ooh MIN CSEE NOTE 2) T T ) at, ee p-— see sre % us | a 1. Maximum tle thickness. or steering hooks in the case of bolt-or-tilers, is stated at the mounting hole. Thicker sections at a distance of ¥ 1/2 inch (3.8 cm) from the mounting hole towards the axis of rotation will not interfere with the tiller connection 2. Surface that manufacturer's link arm or drag link attaches to must be flat over the width of the tiller. 3. Top and bottom surfaces must be flat over a minimum of 1 1/4 inch (3.2 cm) section centered on the tiller at the ‘mounting hole section, 4. Area required for access of bolvhnut to mounting hole in tle 5. All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise noted, (© 2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 6P21 77 FIGURE AP.1C - Outboard Engine Connection - Top View Origin and Development of P-21, Manual Hydraulic Steering Systems ‘ABYC first published P-21 in 1989. The standard was reaffirmed in 2003 and revised in 2012. The 2017 edition is the work of the Control Systems Project Technical Committee, [ABYC technical board rules provide that all reports, including standards and technical information reports, are advisory only. Their use is entirely voluntary. They represent, as of the date of publication, the consensus of| knowledgeable persons, currently active in the field of small craft, on performance objectives that contribute to small boat safety The American Boat & Yacht Council assumes no responsibilty whatsoever forthe use of, of failure to use, standards Jor technical information reports promulgated by it, thelr adaptation to any processes of a user, of any consequences lowing therefrom. Prospective users of the standards and technical information reports are responsible for protecting themselves against liabilty or infringement of patents ‘The American Boat & Yacht Council standards and technical information reports are guides to achieving a specific level of design or performance, and are not intended to preclude attainment of desired results by other means. ©2017 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 16