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    Two Pairs of Archimedean Circles in The Arbelos

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    Dũng Nguyễn Tiến
    This document presents two theorems about constructing pairs of circles congruent to the famous Archimedean twin circles found in an arbelos. Theorem 1 shows that circles with diameters from the orthogonal projections of a point onto the tangents of one of the arbelos circles are congruent to the Archimedean circles. Theorem 2 constructs congruent circles through the intersection points of lines from vertices of the smaller arbelos circles with midpoints of arcs of the larger circles.

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    Two Pairs of Archimedean Circles in The Arbelos

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    Dũng Nguyễn Tiến
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    This document presents two theorems about constructing pairs of circles congruent to the famous Archimedean twin circles found in an arbelos. Theorem 1 shows that circles with diameters from the orthogonal projections of a point onto the tangents of one of the arbelos circles are congruent to the Archimedean circles. Theorem 2 constructs congruent circles through the intersection points of lines from vertices of the smaller arbelos circles with midpoints of arcs of the larger circles.

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    This document presents two theorems about constructing pairs of circles congruent to the famous Archimedean twin circles found in an arbelos. Theorem 1 shows that circles with diameters from the orthogonal projections of a point onto the tangents of one of the arbelos circles are congruent to the Archimedean circles. Theorem 2 constructs congruent circles through the intersection points of lines from vertices of the smaller arbelos circles with midpoints of arcs of the larger circles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views2 pages

    Two Pairs of Archimedean Circles in The Arbelos

    Uploaded by

    Dũng Nguyễn Tiến
    This document presents two theorems about constructing pairs of circles congruent to the famous Archimedean twin circles found in an arbelos. Theorem 1 shows that circles with diameters from the orthogonal projections of a point onto the tangents of one of the arbelos circles are congruent to the Archimedean circles. Theorem 2 constructs congruent circles through the intersection points of lines from vertices of the smaller arbelos circles with midpoints of arcs of the larger circles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Forum Geometricorum

    Volume 14 (2014) 201–202.


    FORUM GEOM
    ISSN 1534-1178

    Two Pairs of Archimedean Circles in the Arbelos

    Dao Thanh Oai

    Abstract. We construct four circles congruent to the Archimedean twin circles


    in the arbelos.

    Consider an arbelos formed by semicircles (O1 ), (O2 ), and (O) of radii a, b,


    and a + b. The famous Archimedean twin circles associated in the arbelos have
    ab
    equal radii a+b (see [2, 3]).
    Let CD be the dividing line of the smaller semicircles, and extend their common
    tangent P Q to intersect (O) at Ta and Tb .
    Theorem 1. Let A and B  be the orthogonal projections of D on the tangents
    to (O) at Ta and Tb respectively. The circles with diameters DA and DB  are
    congruent to the Archimedean twin circles.

    A

    B
    D

    Ta
    P
    M

    Tb

    A O1 O C O2 B

    Figure 1

    Proof. Let the tangents at Ta and Tb intersect at T . Since OT is the perpendicular


    bisector of Ta Tb , it intersects the semicircle (O) at the midpoint D of the arc Ta Tb
    (see [3, §5.2.1]). Since O1 P , OM and O2 Q are parallel, and O1 P = OO2 = a,
    O2 Q = O1 O = b,
    a b a2 + b2 2ab
    OM = ·O1 P + ·O2 Q = =⇒ DM = OD −OM = .
    a+b a+b a+b a+b
    Publication Date: September 2, 2014. Communicating Editor: Floor van Lamoen.
    202 T. O. Dao

    Now, ∠DTa T = ∠DTb Ta = ∠DTa Tb . Therefore, Ta D bisects angle T Ta Tb .


    Similarly, Tb D bisects angle T Tb Ta , and D is the incenter of triangle T Ta Tb . It
    follows that DA = DB  = DM , and the circles with DA and DB  are congruent
    to the Archimedean twin circles. 
    Remark. The circle with DM as diameter is the Archimedean circle (A3 ) in [2]
    (or (W4 ) in [1]).
    Theorem 2. Let A1 A2 and B1 B2 be tangents to the smaller semicircles with A1 ,
    B1 on the line AB and A1 A2 = a, B1 B2 = b. If H and K are the midpoints
    of the semicircles (O1 ) and (O2 ) respectively, and A = CH ∩ A1 B2 , B  =
    CK ∩ B1 A2 , then the circles through C with centers A and B  are congruent to
    the Archimedean twin circles.

    H B2
    A2

    A B 

    A1 A O1 C O O2 B B1

    Figure 2

    Proof. Clearly, ∠A CA1 = ∠HCO1 = 45◦ . Since B1 B2 = O2 B2 = √ b,


    ∠B2 B1 O2 = 45◦ , √ the lines CA and √
    B1 B2 are parallel. Also, B1 O2 = 2b.
    Similarly, A1 O1 = 2a, and A1 B1 = ( 2 + 1)(a + b). Therefore,
    √
     A1 C ( 2 + 1)a ab
    CA = B1 B2 · =b· √ = .
    A1 B1 ( 2 + 1)(a + b) a+b
    ab
    Similarly, CB  = a+b . Therefore, the circles through C with centers A and B 
    are congruent to the Archimedean twin circles. 

    References
    [1] C. W. Dodge, T. Schoch, P. Y. Woo and P. Yiu, Those ubiquitous Archimedean circles, Math.
    Mag., 72 (1999) 202–213.
    [2] F. M. van Lamoen, Online catalogue of Archimedean circles,
    http://home.kpn.nl/lamoen/wiskunde/Arbelos/Catalogue.htm
    [3] P. Yiu, Euclidean Geometry, Florida Atlantic University Lecture Notes, 1998, available at
    http://math.fau.edu/Yiu/Geometry.html

    Dao Thanh Oai: Cao Mai Doai, Quang Trung, Kien Xuong, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
    E-mail address: [email protected]

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