An Annotated Bibliography: Edited by Gilad Meron

P
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An Annotated Bibliography
Edited by Gilad Meron
csd
Center for Sustainable Development
P
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Annotated Bibliography of Public Interest Design
Edited by Gilad Meron
The following bibliography is intended for the student

of Public Interest Design, and meant to function as an
introductory reader, providing key articles and texts that are
foundational to the practice of Public Interest Design.
It is structured semi-chronologically, such that subsequent

readings build off of one another in order to provide both a
history and evolution of community-based practices in the
fields of architecture, planning, and design.
This bibliography was created as a supplement to the

2012 Public Interest Design Summer Program Final Report.
P
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CONTENTS
4 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

6 INTRODUCTION
8 PART 1: PREDECESSORS TO PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN
12 PART 2: THE EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
16 PART 3: THE BIRTH OF COMMUNITY DESIGN CENTERS
20 PART 4: PEDAGOGIES OF PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN
24 PART 5: EMERGING AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
28 PART 6: PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN
32 REFERENCES FOR ALL TEXTS INCLUDED
40 ADDITIONAL LIST OF PID RELATED TEXTS
CONTENTS 5
INTRODUCTION
Why This Bibliography Was Created

“I think this may be the moment that design has waited for, that design has needed… the next
generation of designers… who can be the pioneers of an entirely new way of designing for the
public good, at a scale and a pace that we’ve never seen before.”
– John Cary
As Public Interest Design grows steadily towards professional legitimization, there exists a
significant concern which is rarely addressed; the education of the movement’s future leaders.
Despite rising trends and growing demands by students and recent graduates, there remain very
few formal academic opportunities for education and training in Public Interest Design.
This is not merely the result of a lack of academic programs. It has become increasingly clear
that there are critical gaps in the development of pedagogy, curricular materials and educational
resources. This void not only limits opportunities for students to learn, it also limits opportunities
for instructors to teach. The following annotated bibliography aims to address this gap by
compiling the first ever ‘Bibliography of Public Interest Design.’
It is my hope that this bibliography can help work towards two goals. First, to provide young eager
students with the resources to educate themselves in the history, theories, ethics and practices of
Public Interest Design. Second, to provide instructors with a large compilation of relevant books,
articles and texts that can be used to begin building courses in Public Interest Design. I hope this
bibliography will spur on further related works, help to better integrate Public Interest Design
into university education, and most of all, help prepare the movement’s future leaders to begin
“designing for the public good at a scale and pace that we’ve never seen before.”
Gilad Meron
INTRODUCTION 7
PART ONE:
PREDECESSORS TO
PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN
Spatial Politics, Civic Activism and
Progressive Reform

Part One aims to provide a background in the history
of spatial politics in America, the policies and plans
that set the course for early city planning, and the
development of civic practices in American urbanism.
Each of these led to important milestones that helped
lay the foundation for socially-oriented practices in
architecture, planning and design.
Community and The Politics of Place [1]

Author: Daniel Kemmis
To Read: Chapters 1-7 (Pages 3-108)
“Thinking about politics in historical terms is second nature, but we tend to be more dubious of the
proposition that political culture may be shaped by its place and that places shape our politics.”
Through a study of what truly constitutes ‘the public’, Kemmis unpacks the history of political
culture in America and its underlying assumptions of man’s communal tendencies. He argues that
our founding fathers’ theories of community and public space were the underlying principles of our
Constitution, which have in turn led to “a political culture entirely irrelevant of place.” Highlighting
the contradictory philosophies upon which our country was built, Kemmis illustrates how these
theories are flawed, and yet continue to dominate the contemporary policies that guide community
development. His analysis is particularly relevant today as architects and designers increasingly
advocate for the importance of public spaces as a means to build a ‘civil society’ and ‘socially just’
cities.
Further Related Reading:

• Chapter 11: Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community- Chantal Mouffe [2]
• Perspectives on Neighborhood and Community- Robert J. Chaskin [3]
• Bowling Alone- Robert Putnam [4]
PART ONE 9
Poverty and Social Science in the Era of Progressive Reform [5]
Author: Alice O’Conner
To Read: Chapter 1 (Pages 25-54)
“At the end of the nineteenth century social investigators set out to bring new scientific understanding
to the problem of poverty… a ‘social ecology’.”
O’Conner investigates the origins of social science in America, explaining why and how it evolved in
the way it did and what this meant for its role in guiding much of the country’s early urban planning.
She meticulously unpacks the evolution of research, specifically surveys and mapping, and their
increasing role in reform movements of the time. Her analysis highlights the critical influence
of progressive modes of thought in significantly altering the approach to “the poverty question.”
O’Conner takes a comprehensive look at the key theories and figures that would eventually lead to
The Chicago School and its mission to develop “a new kind of social science.” O’Conner seamlessly
weaves together some of the most foundational theories that have influenced many of the major
urban planners of the twentieth century.

• Arguments for and against planning- Richard Klosterman [6]
• The Tragedy of the Commons- Garrett Hardin [7]
• Chapter 4: From Slum to Ghetto: 1900-1925- David Ward [8]
Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning [9]
M. Christine Boyer
To Read: Chapter 1-3 (Pages 3-56)
“As the American City expanded as a place of production and consumption, it simultaneously
deteriorated as a place for human life.”
In the first three chapters in her book on American city planning, Boyer weaves together the multitude
of social, political, economic, historical, cultural, psychological, environmental, and infrastructural
contexts that gave rise to American city planning and she describes how each played a role in its
development. By examining the various power structures at play in early American cities, Boyer
reveals how moral and ethical decisions were continuously neglected in favor of those that would
benefit a capitalistic consumer-driven economy. She is a harsh but honest critic of the early years
of the planning profession, illustrating its complete failure in planning cities in multiple respects.
The book provides a crucial historical framework for understanding current problems in cities and
offers insights into how cities can be planned and designed to be more livable and sustainable.

• Chapter 1: The Greatest Grid: Plan of New York 1811- Edward K. Span [10]
• Chapter 8: Planning in the United States Since 1945- Peter Hall [11]
• Chapter 1: Frederick Law Olmstead, The City Beautiful Movement- William Wilson [12]

The Death and Life of Great American Cities [13]
Jane Jacobs
To Read: Introduction (Pages 5-34) (and the rest of book if you have time)
“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they
are created by everybody.”
The Death and Life of Great American Cities is arguably the single most influential book on American
urban planning. The book attacks the fundamental beliefs of 1950’s modernist urban developers and
their top-down urban renewal policies. Jacobs advocates for bottom-up grass roots neighborhood-
based urban revitalization projects that favor mixed-use development, pedestrian-oriented streets,
and smart density. Jacobs’ work represents a crucial shift in the theory and practice of urban
planning towards a more ‘humanistic management of cities.’ Beyond its influential content, the
book has long been praised as a literary masterpiece and an absolute must-read for students of
urban planning, policy, architecture, community development, and city government.

• The Role of Civic Environmentalism in the Pursuit of Sustainable Communities- Julian Agyeman
and Briony Angus [14]
• Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning- Paul Davidoff [15]
• A Ladder of Citizen Participation- Sherry R. Arnstein [16]
Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life [17]

Paul and Percival Goodman
To Read: The Whole Book
“When people are personally happy it is astonishing how they make do with improbable means.”
In this landmark text brothers Paul and Percival Goodman explore the many intricacies of the world’s
cities. The book focuses on the underlying values and purposes behind planning and urban design
through the lens of community impact. The book examines three types of societies, one centered
on consumption, one on creative actions, and one on social equity, liberty and justice. Goodman
advocates for young adults to engage in public service in return for certain societal gains, both moral
and tangible. Praised by Lewis Mumford as a book that “stands in a class by itself,” Communitas is
a foundational text for understanding the roots of Public Interest Design.

• Looking backwards- Edward Bellamy [18]
• What is a City- Lewis Mumford [19]
• The Metropolis and Mental Life- Georg Simmel [20]
PART ONE 11
PART TWO:
THE EMERGENCE OF
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Federal Policy, Local Government
and Regional Economics

Part Two aims to describe in greater detail the
economic and social policies that led to the demand
for, and birth of community development in America.
Together these readings provide an understanding of
how the design and planning of our infrastructure as
well as our entire built environment are inherently
both socially and politically charged, and thus have the
potential to be used as a means towards social justice.
Chapter 3- Swimming Against the Tide: A Brief History of Federal Policy in Poor Communities [21]
Alice O’Conner
“Community development is America’s response to poverty, but its meaning remains notoriously
hard to pin down… what does the historical record have to say to this movement?”
This highly critical analysis of the evolution of federal policy in poor communities exposes seven key
downfalls of our country’s community development policies. Alice O’conner details how and why
various internal contradictions have led to a federal policy that inherently works against itself. She
emphasizes that these seven factors are not merely the product of seemingly unchangeable forces,
but are ingrained in the very process of policy making. Pointing out the impacts of socio-economic
forces, she argues that our federal policy has been held captive by shifting political intentions that do
not have any vested interest in sustainable change. O’conner’s rhetoric weaves together numerous
influential critiques and provides an important backdrop for understanding modern community
development policy in America.

• The Subjective Necessity of Social Settlements- Jane Adams [22]
• Chapter 2: The Search for Regional Balance in America- John Freidman and Clyde Weaver [23]
• Privatizing the Welfare State- Nicole Marwell [24]
PART TWO 13
Fiscal Equity [25]
Myron Orfield
To Read: Entire section on Fiscal Equity in American Metropolitics (Pages 85-112)
“The amount of revenue a local government can generate depends largely on the value and types of
land uses within its jurisdiction, and this is a vicious cycle… rich jurisdictions grow richer, while poor
ones are locked into a cycle of decline.”
Myron Orfield provides an excellent examination of local government finance, highlighting its
socioeconomically discriminatory impacts on land use, zoning jurisdictions and citizen participation.
He describes the inherently fragmented nature of most local governments and the inefficiencies they
lead to. Orfield explains how the land-tied finance system leads to fiscal zoning; a practice which
precipitates ever-increasing disparity and ultimately results in zero sum game, pitting adjacent
towns and regions against one another in a competition to attract high tax payers. Orfield explains
how finance systems lead directly to disparities in infrastructure, basic public services, and social
welfare. By unpacking the inner workings of government finance, the article provides and important
perspective on sustainable community development and regional planning.

• Twentieth Century Land Use Planning- E. Kaiser & D. Godschalk [26]
• The Need for a New Vision for the Development of Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas- A. Davis [27]
• The NeoLiberal City- Jason Hackworth [28]
The Urban Process Under Capitalism: A Framework for Analysis [29]

David Harvey
To Read: Whole Article (Pages 101-131)
“The problem is then, to discover how capital flows into the construction of the built environment
and to understand the contradictions inherent in this process.”
In this article acclaimed Marxian analyst and distinguished professor David Harvey expertly
presents Marx’s Capital (all three volumes) as a framework to explain how capitalism inherently
controls urban processes. Drawing on theories from seminal economists such as Adam Smith and
John Maynard Keynes, he analyzes the inner workings of a capitalist economy, from the local to
the global. He highlights the inherent contradictions of capitalism in urban places, its relationship
with the built environment, and the resulting societal impacts. Harvey illustrates the underlying
operational structures of urban capitalism from the perspective of labor, production, and class
struggle. His perspective on economics and its role in the structuring of urban space is a crucial
economic framework for any designer attempting to create a social impact in an urban region.

• The City as a growth Machine- Harvey Molotch and John Logan [30]
• Gentrification, the Frontier, and the Restructuring of Urban Space- Neil Smith [31]
• The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City- Michael Porter [32]

CDCs and the Changing Context for Urban Community Development [33]
Michael Frisch and Lisa J. Servon
To Read: The Whole Article
“The purpose of this paper is to lay out the changes in community development since 1992 and how
they have effected the environment in which CDCs work.”
Michael Frisch and Lisa Servon provide a detailed account of the evolution of community development
corporations over the past 15 years (circa 2006). They describe the ‘maturation’ of the field,
highlighting the bifurcation between organizations adopting a systems approach and those without
the means to transition towards professionalization. An extensive literature review along with a
review of major policy changes relevant to the field provides crucial context for understanding recent
changes in CDCs. Finally the article points to key gaps in current research and emphasizes the
critical importance of merging place-, community-, and policy-based strategies. This piece provides
a comprehensive view of current transformations within the field of community development and
raises key questions about where and how the field with evolve in the near future.

• Road to Renewal- Richard Geddes [34]
• Community Empowerment Strategies- Peter Dreier [35]
• Where do we go from here?- Michael Rios [36]
Making Equity Planning Work [37]

Norman Krumholz and John Forester
To Read: The Whole Book
“From 1969 to 1979, the city of Cleveland was the site of a quiet but important experiment… a group
of professional planners, working for the city, devoted themselves to serving the needs of the poor.”
During Norman Krumholz’s decade-long tenure as the head of Cleveland’s city planning staff
he brought to practice an experiment in equity planning; working and advocating for the urban
neighborhoods that were most neglected and under-served by the traditional planning process.
Krumholz presents multiple case studies, providing in depth accounts of how he and his staff were
able to sustain their equity-based practice through three different mayoral administrations, and
ultimately, have a lasting impact on urban policy in Cleveland. John Forester explores the implications
of this work in the second half of the book, pointing out key lessons for planners, urban designers,
policy makers, and city management officials. The book offers a rare look into the work of a pioneer
planner who worked tirelessly for social justice and public equity and persevered through adversity.

• Policy Analysis as Critical Listening- John Forester [38]
• Chapter 2: The Negotiator’s Dilemma- David Lax and James Sebenius [39]
• Four Potential Disconnects in the Community Planning Process- Carolyn Loh [40]
PART TWO 15
PART THREE:
THE BIRTH OF COMMUNITY
DESIGN CENTERS
Civil Rights, Social Activism and
Value-Based Practices

Part Three aims to present some of the seminal work
in the theory, ethics and history of community design.
This section serves to chronicle of the emergence of
Community Design Centers, as well as the ideological
shifts that led to their rapid growth. This shift opened
the door for the birth of “value-based practices”
in design, which have come to define the work of
Community Design Centers nationwide.
Pedagogy of the Oppressed [41]

Paulo Freire
“Making real oppression more oppressive through the realization of oppression is essential because
it acts as the motivation to engage in the innate struggle for humanization.”
In this seminal text, Paulo Freire addresses humankind’s central problem, the struggle for
humanization, described as “the yearning of the oppressed for freedom, justice and humanity.”
In response he proposes a ‘pedagogy of the oppressed’; a process by which the oppressed build
critical awareness from within, and through education are able to empower themselves to take
action towards liberation. Through this process, communities build stakeholder support from within,
thus ensuring a sustained bottom-up commitment to the long-term success of a project. Such
self-led initiatives exemplify Freire’s conviction that all individuals and communities have within
themselves the capacity to create positive social change in the world around them. This practice of
facilitating internal leadership and ownership has become the hallmark of contemporary community
development and participatory planning.

• Moral Man & Immoral Society: Chapters 1-3 - Reinhold Niebuhr [42]
• Man’s Search For Meaning- Victor Frankl [43]
• Theory of Moral Sentiments- Adam Smith [44]
PART THREE 17
1968 Keynote Address at the AIA National Convention [45]
Whitney M. Young Jr. – Executive Director of The National Urban League
To Read: The Whole Speech
“You [architects] are not a profession that has distinguished itself by your social and civic
contributions to the cause of civil rights. You are most distinguished by your thunderous silence and
your complete irrelevance.”
In 1968, Whitney M. Young Jr. delivered a monumental speech at the AIA National Convention, which
many would argue was the spark for Community Design Centers and the first ever call to action for
Public Interest Design. Young’s speech touched upon the moral fiber of Americans and the history
of the country’s racism and ambivalence towards those in need. Focusing his argument on the built
environment, Young illustrates how architects, as a profession, have done nothing to fight for justice
or equality, despite their immense influence and capacity. Although this speech was given nearly 45
years ago, it is still (shockingly) relevant and strikes a chord with anyone claiming to use design or
architecture to work in the public’s best interest.

• Design’s Invisible Century- Thomas Fisher [46]
• Broken Windows- James Q. Wilson [47]
• Community Design- Mark Francis [48]
Community Design: Idealism and Entrepreneurship [49]

Mary C. Comerio
To Read: Whole Article (p.227-243)
“Community design is something that exists in the tension between professionalism and social
idealism… it is client-, process-, and value-specific, and guided by principles of empowerment.”
With the goal of creating a framework for evaluating community design, this article tackles three
key aspects of the practice; ideas and movements that led to its birth, history and evolution of the
practice, and a survey of its current state. Mary Comerio provides a well-documented chronicle
tracing community design from its roots in the social and political activism of the 1960’s to its
emergence as a recognized approach in urban planning and finally to its ‘entrepreneurial phase’
of the 1980’s categorized by a shift from reactive advocacy-based work to proactive development-
focused work. Following a brief commentary on the current state of community design (circa 1984),
Comerio offers critical and pragmatic suggestions for its maturation as a new area of professional
practice.

• Recent Trends in Community Design- Zeynep Toker [50]
• Progressive Community Design- Ann Forsyth and Tom Angotti [51]
• Dilemas in a General Theory of Planning- H. Rittel and M. Webber [52]

Tuning Established Models [53]
Various Authors; From: Good Deeds, Good Design - Edited by Bryan Bell
To Read: Chapter 2: Tuning Established Models + Afterward (Pages 58-98 + 230-236)
“Our mission is to get these architecture students out to deal with the social and physical issues of
a community… the fact that we end up building houses, that is the homework.” [Sam Mockbee]
Good Deeds Good Design, which is one of the first publications of the Public Interest Design
Movement, brings together numerous essays and case studies, highlighting a variety of methods,
practices and approaches that seek to actively address the task of “designing for the 98% without
architects.” Although the entire book is worth reading, Chapter 2 contains four key essays; a history
of Community Design Centers, the evolution of Habitat for Humanity (HFH), a case study of HFH
within a student design/build, and a detailed account of Community-Based Building Centers in
India. Taken together, these four touch upon many of the critical aspects of design activism and
the resulting practice of ‘citizen architecture,’ as Samuel Mockbee put it (see Mockbee’s piece in
chapter 4 of this volume). The Afterward, by Jason Pearson, concludes the book with a bold essay
suggesting a new way to define these socially oriented practices.

• Archepreneurs- Chris Krager [54]
• Design and Empowerment: 20 years of Community Architecture- Mary Commerio [55]
• Designing for Social Change- Andrew Shea [56]
A Useful Practice [57]

David Perkes
To Read: Whole Article (Page 64-71)
“Values form a boundary around the activities of a practice, and that boundary defines the degree of
separation between a practice and its social context.”
In this essay, Perkes explains how the boundaries of the traditional architecture profession tend to
separate the architect from the community and foster a practice guided by profits. He explains the
importance of incorporating values into practice and illustrates their impact in guiding the work of
a studio towards ‘a useful practice’. Perkes describes his work leading the Gulf Coast Community
Design Studio (GCCDS) and their alternative value-based approach to practice, one aimed at
addressing the needs of a community. This essay highlights GCCDS’s guiding values of service,
proximity and experience, and their ability to translate these values into a financially sustainable
long-term community-based practice. Perkes emphasizes three critical aspects of GCCDS’s
process; direct engagement with the community, continued involvement of the community, and an
approach of working with, not for the community.

• Design As If Community Matters- Mark Torrey [58]
• ‘Making Policy Public’ + ‘Communication as a Tool for Empowerment’- MAS Context [59]
• Can Architecture Save Humanity?- Kriston Capps [60]
PART THREE 19
PART FOUR:
PEDAGOGIES OF
PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN
Design/Builds, Community Design Studios,
and Participatory Action Research

Part Four aims to explore theories of community
engaged design education by surveying some of
the pedagogies of Public Interest Design. These
include design/builds, community design studios and
participatory action research. Through related readings,
this section also explores what the future of design
education might be as public interest practices become
increasingly relevant in the professional world.
Experience and Education [61]

John Dewey
To Read: Chapters 1-6 (Pages 17-72)
“The trouble with traditional education is that educators do not consider the powers and purposes of
those taught. Democratic arrangements promote a better quality of educational experience.”
In this book, preeminent educational theorist John Dewey clearly and succinctly lays out his
philosophy of education. He supports a shift from ‘traditional’ to ‘progressive’ education, the
later being uniquely attuned to the role of experience in education. He particularly advocates for
recognizing and responding to the larger physical, psycho-social and historic frameworks in which
education is inextricably embedded. Dewey provides the foundation upon which many socially-
oriented pedagogies were built, including participatory planning, community design, and public
interest architecture. Although much of this volume reads as intended for educators and other
theorists, it is a crucial piece for students as well as a means to arm themselves in advocating
for experiential education, and is particularly relevant in the context of architecture, design and
planning education.

• Pragmatism (The original Eight Lectures)- William James [62]
• Chapter 2: Pedagogy of the Oppressed- Paulo Freire [63]
• Calling For A Global Service Design Corp- John Cary [64]
PART FOUR 21
Teaching Design For Change [65]
TED Talk by Emily Pilloton- July 2010
To Watch: The Whole Video (16 min)
“If designers became teachers we could actually teach design within public schools, and not design-
based learning like building a rocket in physics class, but actual design thinking coupled with real
construction skills and all put towards a local community purpose.”
Emily Pilloton, founder of the Nonprofit Design Firm Project H, speaks about her efforts in a rural
school and her wish for designers to become educators. The public school is typical of small-town
schools, hurt by rapid economic and social downturns in rural America. Her firm, Project H, was
invited to revitalize the education system through design. They utilize three principles; design for
education, redesign education itself, and design as education. Their flagship program, Studio H,
is a direct effort to use design as a bridge between education and community revitalization. She
proposes a model for a new generation of designers who are not consultants, but teachers “charged
with growing creative capital within the next generation.” Her inspiring speech provides a radical
new model for how design can be practiced in the public interest and truly have a social impact.

• What are you going to do with that?- William Deresiewicz [66]
• Design Agency- Jane Androski and Emily Sara Wilson [67]
• Commencement Speech at Minnesota College of Design- John Cary [68]
Principles of Engagement: (Mis)Understanding the Community Design Studio [69]

Kathleen A. Dorgan
To Read: Whole Article

“Documented university-community collaborations have found that service learning can lead
students to develop lifelong habits of taking action in the public interest.”

This article provides an overview of the benefits and challenges to universities, faculty, students and
communities taking part in university-based community-design projects. Kathleen Dorgan presents
key factors and suggests an ethical and practical framework for the planning, management, and
evaluation of community design studios. Through numerous precedents she highlights critical
prerequisites and approaches, which provide a brief but efficient overview of community design
pedagogy. Dorgan emphasizes the impacts of successful studios on both the communities and
students involved, leading both towards transformational change.

• Studio at Large: Building Communities at Home and Abroad- Sergio Palleroni and
Christina Merkelback [70]
• The Yale building Project: The First 40 Years- Richard Hayes [71]
• Making a Difference in Response to Hurricane Katrina- John Foreseter et. all [72]

GIS Use in Community Planning: A multidimensional Analysis of Empowerment [73]
Sarah A. Elwood
To Read: Whole Article (Pages 905-922)
“GIS tends to foster changes that are simultaneously empowering and disempowering at different
scales of interaction, and for different social groups.”
Geographer Sarah Elwood’s research examines the social and political implications of Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) in communities, specifically the often-veiled tendency of the technology to
lead to disempowerment and marginalization among certain socio-economic groups. By analyzing
the ways in which this can occur and the populations that are most often disproportionately
affected, Elwood develops a conceptual framework to guides the use of GIS in urban planning and
neighborhood revitalization. This framework is especially relevant as GIS becomes an increasingly
prevalent and accessible tool for non-professionals. The article provides an important perspective,
critically examining the implicit biases of GIS in community design work and its larger implications
on social politics and city-level planning decisions.

• Claiming Public Space- Peter Aeschbacher and Michael Rios [74]
• Bostonography- Andy Woodruff and Tim Wallace [75]
• The Image of the City- Kevin Lynch [76]
Participatory Action Research from the Inside [77]

Ken Reardon, John Welsh, Brian Kreiswirth, and John Forester
To Read: Pages 71-88
“We’re arguing that this way of doing research produces more reliable, useful, and powerful insights
into the nature of social life, and has the possibility to positively impact important social problems.”
In an interview, Reardon seamlessly explains the processes, factors and actions required of
successful community development. Through an in-depth case study of his work in East St. Louis,
Reardon describes the P.A.R. process, from conception/initiation to integration/establishment,
then to formation/facilitation, and finally to continued support/long term stability. He discusses the
theories that students of community design should be familiar with, and he highlights how and why
engaging in this type of work can be a more valuable educational experience than classroom-based
learning. He presents a well developed and nuanced model showing how students can successfully
engage in community development processes, integrating both experience and education. Reardon
interweaves anecdotes and real-world examples, showing us why such work can result in a deeply
meaningful and unparalleled sense of personal and professional accomplishment.

• Designing with an Asset-Based Approach- Amanda and Seth Hendler-Voss [78]
• Enhancing Family and Community through Interdisciplinary Design- S. Quraeshi [79]
• Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning- Henry Sanoff [80]
PART FOUR 23
PART FIVE:
EMERGING AREAS OF
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Pro-Bono Design, Humanitarian Design,
Public Interest Design and more

Part Five aims to explore the many emerging areas of
practice in the professional design fields. This section
presents writings and case studies from a variety of
methodological perspectives including; Pro-Bono
Design, Humanitarian Design, Public Interest Design
and most importantly, examples of for-profit firms that
have successful built financially stable practices rooted
in responding to social issues and civic challenges.
Can This Profession Be Saved? [81]

Thomas Fisher
To Read: Whole article (pages 44-49 + 84)
“[Quoting Peter Rowe, “The very idea of what constitutes architecture practice requires substantial
expansion.”] How should the profession respond to this statement? One way is to look to the
professions of medicine, law, and engineering.”
Prominent Public Interest Design advocate Thomas Fisher (Dean of Minnesota’s College of Design
and former President of ACSA) wrote this pioneering piece in 1994, well before Public Interest Design
had congealed into the movement it is now becoming. In it he clearly identifies six barriers to the
profession, all of which are still highly relevant; the recession, technology, clients, ‘professional turf’,
professionalism, and education. Drawing upon precedents set by medicine, law and engineering, he
proposes three new ‘models of action’ that the architectural profession as a whole might adopt as a
means to ‘save itself.’ This article signifies the first formal piece directly addressing what has since
been dubbed “architecture’s identity crisis.”
Further Related Readings:

• Ethics for Architects: 50 Dilemmas of Professional Practice- Thomas Fisher [82]
• Architecture’s Internship Requirement Needs a Redesign- John Cary [83]
• Architectural Alchemy- Eric Naslund and John Sheehan [84]
PART FIVE 25
Design Like You Give a Damn (1 & 2) [85]
Cameron Sinclair and Kate Stohr
To Read: Volume 1: Introduction + 100 Years of Humanitarian Design (Pages 11-55) [85-A] +
Volume 2: Financing Sustainable Community Development (Pages 48-73) [85-B]
“The physical design of our homes, neighborhoods, and communities shapes every aspect of our
lives. Yet too often architects are desperately needed in the places where they can least be afforded.”
In volume one, Cameron Sinclair provides a history of Architecture For Humanity (AFH); initial
intentions and unexpected growth, hard lessons learned, and insights into the practice of humanitarian
design. Kate Stohr provides a detailed account of the responses to natural disasters worldwide
over the past 100 years, citing key figures and developments in humanitarian design. In the second
volume Stohr provides a brief history of funding models accompanied by a meticulously detailed 27-
page table of all private, public-private, and public/municipal funding sources for community-based
design. Together, these three readings provide a history of humanitarian design, a contemporary
view of the field, and a framework to continue these efforts. In addition, the two volumes present
over 150 case studies documenting the work of AFH.

• Altruism, Architecture, and Disaster- Christopher Hawthorne [86]
• Beyond Shelter: Architecture and Human Dignity- Marie J. Aquilino [87]
• Humanitarian Design vs. Design Imperialism: Debate Summary- Design Observer [88]
You Shall Know Our Velocity [89]

Dave Eggers
To Read: The Whole Book (Trust me, it’s worth it, he’s a great author)
“There is a chance that everything we did was incorrect, but stasis is itself criminal for those with
the means to move and the means to weave communion between people.”
Dave Eggers’ thought provoking novel provides a unique window into the pragmatic issues of
humanitarianism in the modern world. You Shall Know Our Velocity tells the story of two friends’
adventure around the world in less than a week to give away $32,000 in cash. Uncomfortable with
owning money they feel they do not deserve, the two decide to travel the globe and distribute the cash
to those who are most deserving. The duo soon realize this task presents numerous moral, ethical
and logistical challenges and is not at all what they thought it would be. Eggers touches on various
powerful themes of poverty, social justice and equity in a novel that in many ways exemplifies the
Millennial Generation’s struggles with the world and their desire to save it. This critically acclaimed
book reflects many of the common moral and ethical dilemmas of humanitarian design.

• Once Upon a School: TED Talk- Dave Eggers [90]
• To Hell With Good intentions- Ivan Illich [91]
• Three cups of Deceit: How Greg Mortenson, humanitarian hero, lost his way- John Krakauer [92]

The Power of Pro Bono: 40 Stories about Design for the Public Good [93]
John Cary, Majora Carter and Public Architecture
TO READ: VI-33 + 260-281
“The dozens of projects we have collected are tangible examples of how spaces can enrich lives, and
together demonstrate the impact and value of pro bono design.”
John Peterson, Founder of Public Architecture, offers a succinct and powerful preface, which
touches upon some of the most important questions surrounding pro bono design such as; the need
for selfish interests, the value of pro bono work, pro bono’s place in the profession, and why we must
invest in. John Cary’s introduction “Architecture as Social Art” provides a cross section of Pro Bono
Design, shedding light on its various myths, providing examples and explanations of its impact,
which are further explored in the 40 stories. Cary’s outro “How To Pro Bono” describes the pro bono
process for nonprofits, designers and funders, and serves as a practical guide for all three groups
in understanding why and how to enter the process.

• ”Architect, Meet Your Non-Profit” Booklet- Public Architecture [94]
• Design Act: Socially and Politically Engaged Design Today- Magnus Ericson and
Ramia Maze [95]
• Design with the other 90%: Cities- Cynthia E. Smith [96]
Empowering Architecture: The Butaro Hospital, Rwanda [97]

MASS Design Group
To Read: The Whole Book (its mostly pictures)
“If Architecture ignores socio-political factors, architects fail to rethink the role of architecture in
serving society and empowering people.”
MASS Design Group’s first project, the Butaro Hospital in Rwanda, has set a new standard for
Humanitarian Design and Public Interest Architecture. This book describes in detail, how the Butaro
Hospital addresses a critical need for healthcare, strategic community development, and socio-
economic improvement, all within the cultural context of Rwanda. The architects explain their
methods, strategies and approaches, and thus provide a model of their process. MASS is proving
to be a pioneer in a new type of architectural practice focused on social justice, public health,
and human equity. MASS (which stands for Model of Architecture Serving Society) was founded to
demonstrate the ability of architecture and design to improve people’s lives, and to be an example
for how designers can rethink their role in the world.

• MASS Design Group Case Study: How Can Architects Help?- J. Wickersham & B. Camacho [98]
• MASS Design Group: Our Approach- MASS Design Group website [99]
• Building for Social Change- March 2012 issue of Architectural Record [100]
PART FIVE 27
PART SIX:
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
AND URBAN DESIGN
Crowd-Sourced Solutions, Guerilla Interventions,
and the Legal Rights of Public Space

Part Six aims to offer contemporary pieces on the
changing nature of urban design and the growing
prevalence of crowd-sourced mechanisms for planning
and governance. This final section provides a view
of current tactics and conceptual frameworks being
employed by planners (both professional and renegade),
and attempts to highlighting emerging trends in civic
activism and participatory urban design.
Massive Change [101]

Bruce Mau, Jennifer Leonard, and the Institute Without Boundaries
To Read: Introduction + Chapter 1- Urban Economies (Pages 1-45)
“Massive Change is not about the world of design; it’s about the design of the world.”
In this new cult-classic among young designers, Bruce Mau’s studio examines how our ever evolving
global information-based economy is allowing for new ways in which designers can play key roles
in shaping the future of the world and act as civic leaders. The book’s tone embodies Buckminster
Fuller in his experiment “to contribute to changing the world and benefiting all humanity.” Its content
is structured in terms of “design economies,” exploring how all aspects of the built environment
are part of systems of exchange, rather than mere processes of design. The introduction and first
chapter are particularly relevant for Public Interest Design, highlighting both the unprecedented
opportunities and challenges that cities present to designers in our modern world.

• Chapter 2: Cities People and Language- James C. Scott [102]
• WorldChanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century- Alex Steffen [103]
• Chapter 2: How to Study Urban Political Power- John H. Mollenkopf [104]
PART SIX 29
Taking Place: Rebar’s Absurd Tactics in Generous Urbanism [105]
Blaine Merker
“On a sunny October day in 2005 Rebar paid a curbside parking meter in downtown San Francisco
for two hours and built a park within the white lines of the parking space…”
In this chapter of ‘Insurgent Public Space’ Rebar co-founder Blaine Merker begins by telling the
story of the first Park(ing) experiment, the viral spread of the guerilla concept, and the evolution into
Park(ing) Day. The second half of the chapter explains how Park(ing) epitomizes Rebar’s approach
to design, which they term ‘tactical urbanism’ or “the use of modest or temporary revisions to urban
space to seed structural environmental change.” Rebar believes that there is a deep underlying
relationship between the physical environment and its organizational structures. They employ
tactical urbanism as a means to challenge the organizational structures that determine what is
socially and legally acceptable within the public realm, and thus use design as a tool for shifting the
collective cultural mindset. Although tactical urbanism is not a new idea, its exponential growth and
impact in recent decades makes it a critical piece of theory for public interest design.

• Invisible Zagreb- Damir Blazevic [106]
• The New French Hacker-Artist Underground- Jon Lackman [107]
• Parklets: Experiments in Urban Public Space- Gilad Meron and Katie Mays [108]
Spontaneous Interventions: Design Actions for the Common Good [109]

Documenting the U.S. Pavilion of the Architecture Exhibition at the 2012 Venice Biennale
August 2012 Issue of Architect Magazine
“Spontaneous Interventions celebrates a movement for democratic change in cities… these small
but powerful works multiply and coalesce a just and sustainable city; a city of all its communities.”
Spontaneous Interventions compiles all 124 projects exhibited at the U.S. Pavilion at the 2012
Venice Architecture Biennale, titled ‘design actions for the common good.’ Collectively, this diverse
assemblage of projects provides something of a sourcebook of tactics, techniques and methods
for informal citizen-led urban interventions. Littered with forward-thinking essays from leading
designers, theorists and educations, this volume excites critical reflection on both the interventions
profiled and the implicit conceptual approaches to each urban transformation employed. Much like
the 2011 Latrobe Prize, ‘Spontaneous Interventions’ represents another major milestone for the
recognition, professional legitimization and proliferation of Public Interest Design.

• Tactical Urbanism Vol.2- Mike Lydon [110]
• What a Bunch of Legos Can teach Us About Civic Participation- Alex Gilliam [111]
• Beyond Zuccotti Park- Robert Shiffman (et. all) [112]

Rethinking Protest: A Designer’s Role in the Next Generation of Collective Action [113]
Robynn Waxman
To Read: Pages 30-53 (Available at: ThinkDiscussAct.org/farm)
“I asked for a mob and they delivered a group. I wanted them to be irritated about the social issues,
and instead they were fostering community, too busy to feel rage.”
Robynn Waxman’s “Rethinking Protest” documents her graduate thesis project, from inspiration
to implementation. The first half presents the author’s highly subjective view of the Millennial
generation, and details the intent and inception process of the project. The second half explores
resonant project themes such as; tactical urbanism, guerilla activism, designing “with” rather than
“for,” reclamation of public space and the designer’s role in rapidly evolving urban landscapes.
Waxman’s project reframes the concept of protest, shifting its focus from intent to impact in
something she refers to as “slow protest.” Initially intended to instigate action, Waxman ultimately
recognizes that, “[through the project] the Millennials changed me, even though I had set out to
change them.”

• In Protest, the Power of Place- Michael Kimmelman [114]
• Occupy: What Architecture Can Do- Reinhold Martin [115]
• Architecture and Social Change- Alex Salazar [116]
When We’re All Urban Planners [117]

David Lepeska
To Read: Whole Article
“If all we’re doing with these technologies is finding a quicker way to fix potholes and
ignoring the hard issues, we’re not really affecting anything,”
David Lepeska addresses many of the key questions, challenges, and opportunities arising out of
modern citizen-led government movements. He points to over three dozen current apps, programs
and websites that are demonstrating the efficiency of smartphone-driven participation techniques
in urban areas. He highlights how various city governments are utilizing advanced technologies to
encourage citizen participation as a means to increase efficiency and reduce costs. Lepeska offers
a bipartisan view of current practices in civic activism and provides insightful questions of its long-
term effectiveness and impact. This article is one of the first to explore the cumulative effects of
emerging internet-based methods in participatory planning.

• Coding a Better Government- Jennifer Pahlka [118]
• Local Data: An App that Helps Communities Do their Own Urban Planning- Kelsey
Campbell-Dollaghan [119]
• Exploring Change: Evidence of Civic Engagement Evaluation Report [120]
PART SIX 31
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NY: D.A.P. & Metropolis Books.

[107] Lackman, Jon. (2012, January 20). The new French hacker-artist underground.
Wired Magazine Online (online at: wired.com/magazine/2012/01/ff_ux/).
[108] Meron, G. & Mays, K. (2012). Parklets: Experiments in Urban Public Space.
Public Interest Design Program Final Report. Austin, TX: University of
Texas, Center for Sustainable Development.
[109] Ho, C.L., Leer, D.V.D. & Cramer, N. (2012, August). Spontaneous
interventions. Architect: The magazine of the American institute of
architects, August 2012.
[110] Lydon, M. (2012). Tactical urbanism 2: Short-term action, long-term change.
The Streets Plan Collaborative (available online at:
issuu.com/streetplanscollaborative/docs/tactical_urbanism_vol_2_final).
[111] Gilliam, A. (2012). What a bunch of legos can teach us about civic participation
and innovation. Posted to http://publicworkshop.us/blog/category/writing/
[112] Shiffman, R., Elizabeth, L., Brown, L.J. & Bell, R. (2012). Beyond Zuccotti
park: Freedom of assembly and occupation of public space. New York,
NY: New Village Press.
[113] Waxman, R. (2009). Rethinking protest: A designers role in the next generation
of collective action (Masters Thesis) California College of the Arts
(online at: http://www.thinkdiscussact.org/farm/tabloid_waxman.pdf)
[114] Kimmelman, M. (2011, October 15). In protest, the power of place. The New
York times: Sunday review.
[115] Martin, R. (2012). Occupy: What architecture can do. Design Observer- Places
Magazine: The Forum of Design for the Public Realm, (available online at:
http://places.designobserver.com/feature/occupy-what-architecture-can-
do/31128/).
[116] Slazar, A. (2008). Architecture and social change: The struggle for affordable
housing in Oakland’s Uptown Project. In B. Bell & K. Wakeford (Eds.),
Expanding Architecture: Design as Activism (p.176-183). New York, NY:
D.A.P. & Metropolis Books.
[117] Lepeska, D. (2012). When we’re all urban planners: Making a virtual village to
create a better city. Next American City: Forefront 23, 1-17.
[118] Pahlka, J. (2012, February). Coding a better government: TED talk by Jennifer
Pahlka. (available online at:
TED.com/talks/jennifer_pahlka_coding_a_better_government.html)
[119] Campbell-Dollaghan, K. (2012, October 9). Local data: An app that helps
communities do their own urban planning. Fastco.Design (available online
at: http://www.fastcodesign.com/1670954/localdata-an-app-that-helps-
communities-do-their-own-urban-planning#1).
[120] Building Movement Project (2010). Evidence of change: Exploring civic
engagement evaluation. (available online at:
http://buildingmovement.org/pdf/EvidenceofChange_BMP.pdf).
REFERENCES 39
ADDITIONAL RELATED
TEXTS AND BOOKS

The following is a list of books and texts that are related
to the themes covered in this bibliography. Although this
list is far from comprehensive, my hope is that it provides
more than enough additional texts for those who are
interested in reading further about the issues to continue
exploring Public Interest Design.
All publication titles in bold, links to publications below each entry in blue.
• Alexander, Christopher et el, 1977, A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, USA.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195019199/readdot-20
• Alexander, Max, 2012, Bright Lights, No City. Hyperion.
http://www.amazon.com/Bright-Lights-No-City-Adventure/dp/1401324177/ref=sr_1_
1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1356827251&sr=1-1&keywords=bright+lights+no+city
• Alinsky, Saul, 1989, Rules for Radicals. Vintage.
• Angotti, Tom et el, 2012, Service-Learning in Design and Planning.
• Aquilino, Marie Jeannine, 2011, Beyond Shelter. Metropolis Books.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1935202472/readdot-20 d
• Architects, Shop, 2011, SHoP. Monacelli Press.
• Arendt, Randall et el, 1994, Rural by design. Planners Press American Planning Association.
• Armstrong, Helen and Stojmirovic, Zvezdana, 2011, Participate. Princeton Arch Press.
• Atlas, John, 2010, Seeds of Change.
ADDITIONAL TEXTS 41
• Awan, Nishat et el, 2011, Spatial Agency. Routledge.
• Bahamón, Alejandro and Sanjinés, Maria Camila, 2010, Rematerial. W W Norton & Co Inc.
• Beatley, Timothy, 2010, Biophilic Cities. Island Press.
• Bell, Bryan and Wakeford, Katie, 2008, Expanding Architecture. Metropolis Books.
• Bell, Bryan, 2003, Good Deeds, Good Design. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Bellah, Robert Neelly, 2008, Habits of the Heart. Univ of California Press.
• Bergdoll, Barry, 2011, Rising Currents. The Museum of Modern Art.
• Bergdoll, Barry, 2012, Foreclosed. The Museum of Modern Art.
• Berman, David B., 2009, Do Good. New Riders.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/032157320X/readdot-20
• Birch, Eugénie Ladner, 2009, The Urban And Regional Planning Reader. Psychology Press.
• Bittner, Regina, 2011, Moderators of Change Architektur, Die Hilft. Hatje Cantz Pub.
• Block, Peter, 2009, Community. Berrett-Koehler Pub.
• Blomley, Nicholas K., 2004, Unsettling the City. Psychology Press.
• Bobo, Kim Et Al., 2003, Organizing For Social Change. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD..
• Bollnow, Otto Friedrich, 2011, Human Space. Hyphen Press.
• Bouman, Ole, 2009, Architecture of Consequence. Nai Uitgevers Pub.
• Boyer, Ernest L. and Mitgang, Lee D., 1996, Building community. Jossey-Bass Inc Pub.
• Brenner, Neil, 2011, Cities for People, Not for Profit. Routledge.
• Brown, Michael Jacoby, 2007, Building powerful community organizations. Long Haul Pr.
• Byvanck, Vlantijn, 2005, Superstudio.
• Carpenter, William J., 1997, Learning by Building. Wiley.
• Carpenter, William J., 2010, Design Build Studio.

• Castells, Manuel, 1983, The City and the Grassroots. University of California Press.
• Chavan, Abhijeet et el, 2007, Contemporary Debates in Urban Planning. Island Press.
• Chermayeff, Serge and Alexander, Christopher, 1963, Community and privacy. Anchor Books.
• Chipperfield, David, 2012, Common Ground. Marsilio Editori Spa.
• Conrads, Ulrich, 1970, Programs & Manifestoes on 20th Century. The MIT Press.
• Cuny, Frederick C. and America, Oxfam, 1983, Disasters and development.
Oxford Press, USA.
• Czerniak, Julia, 2013, Formerly Urban. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer and Hursley, Timothy, 2002, Rural Studio. Princeton Arch Press.
• Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer and Hursley, Timothy, 2005, Proceed and Be Bold. Princeton
• DeFilippis, James and Saegert, Susan, 2008, The community development reader.
• Doorley, Scott et el, 2012, Make Space. Wiley.
• Dreier, Peter et el, 2004, Place matters. Univ Pr of Kansas.
http://www.amazon.com/Place-Matters-Metropolitics-Twenty-First-Government/
dp/0700613641
• Driskell, David C., 2002, Creating Better Cities With Children and Youth. Unesco.
• Ehrenhalt, Alan, 2012, The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City. Random
House Digital, Inc.
• Eichler, Mike, 2007, Consensus Organizing. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
• Ericson, Magnus and Mazé, Ramia, 2012, Design ACT.
• Faga, Barbara, 2006, Designing public consensus. Wiley.
• Fainstein, Professor Susan S, 2011, The Just City.
• Farson, Richard, 2008, The Power of Design. Ostberg.
• Feireiss, Kristin and Feireiss, Lukas, 2008, Architecture Of Change. Die Gestalten Verlag.
ADDITIONAL TEXTS 43
• Feireiss, Kristin and Feireiss, Lukas, 2009, Architecture of Change 2. Die Gestalten Verlag.
• Feireiss, Kristin and Pitt, Brad, 2009, Architecture in Times of Need.
• Feireiss, Lukas and Bouman, Ole, 2011, Testify!. Nai Uitgevers Pub.
• Ferguson, Ronald F. and Dickens, William T., 1999, Urban Problems and Community
Development. Brookings Inst Press.
• Ferré, Albert et el, 2010, Total Housing. Actarbirkhauser.
• Findley, Lisa, 2005, Building Change. Psychology Press.
• Fisher, Thomas R., 2000, In the Scheme of Things. U of Minnesota Press.
• Fisher, Thomas, 2012, Designing to Avoid Disaster. Routledge.
• Forester, John, 1989, Planning in the Face of Power. Univ of California Press.
• Forester, John, 1999, The Deliberative Practitioner. The MIT Press.
• Forester, John, 2009, Dealing With Differences. Oxford University Press, USA.
• Frank, Lawrence et el, 2003, Health and Community Design. Island Press.
• Freeman, Lance, 2006, There Goes the Hood. Temple University Press.
http://www.amazon.com/There-Goes-Hood-Gentrification-Ground/dp/1592134378/re
f=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1356828971&sr=1-1&keywords=there+goes+the+hood
• Gehl, Jan, 2010, Cities for People. Island Press.
• Gehl, Jan, 2011, Life Between Buildings. Island Press.
• Gittell, Ross and Vidal, Avis, 1998, Community Organizing. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
• Glaser, Milton et el, 2006, The Design of Dissent. Rockport Pub.
• Hamdi, Nabeel, 1995, Housing Without Houses. Practical Action.
• Hardin, Mary C., 2006, From the Studio to the Streets. Stylus Publishing (VA).
• Harvey, David, 2009, Social Justice and the City.

• Hauck, Thomas et el, 2011, Infrastructural Urbanism. Dom Pub.
• Hawken, Paul et el, 2000, Natural capitalism. Back Bay Books.
• Hayden, Dolores, 2004, Building Suburbia. Vintage.
• Hayes, Richard W., 2007, The Yale Building Project. Yale School of Architecture.
• Heller, Steven and Vienne, Véronique, 2003, Citizen designer. Allworth Pr.
• Hinson, David W. and Miller, Justin, 2012, Designed for Habitat. Routledge.
• Hosey, Lance, 2012, The Shape of Green. Island Press.
• Hou, Jeffrey et el, 2005, Reconstructing Communities. Center for Design Research
University of California.
• Hung, Ying-Yu and Aquino, Gerdo, 2011, Landscape Infrastructure. Birkhauser Architecture.
• IDEO, 2011, Human Centered Design Toolkit. IDEO.
• Iveson, Kurt, 2007, Publics and the City. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Jacobs, Allan B., 1995, Great Streets. MIT Press.
• Jacobs, Jane, 1970, The Economy of Cities. Vintage.
• Jacobs, Jane, 1985, Cities and the Wealth of Nations. Vintage.
• Jodidio, Philip, 2010, Public Architecture Now!. Taschen America Llc.
• Jones, Bernie, 1990, Neighborhood planning. Amer Planning Assn.
• Jr., Randolph T. Hester,, 1990, Community Design Primer.
• Kedan, Elite, 2009, Provisional. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Kemmis, Daniel, 1995, The good city and the good life. Houghton Mifflin.
• Kolko, Jon, 2012, Wicked Problems.
• Krakauer, Jon, 2011, Three Cups of Deceit. Random House Digital, Inc.
ADDITIONAL TEXTS 45
• Kretzmann, John P. et el, 1993, Building communities from the inside out. Acta Pubns.
• Krumholz, Norman, 1990, Making Equity Planning Work. Temple University Press.
• Latour, Bruno and Weibel, Peter, 2005, Making Things Public. MIT Press.
• Lefebvre, Henri et el, 2009, State, Space, World.
• LeGates, Richard T. and Stout, Frederic, 2011, The City Reader. Routledge.
• Lepik, Andres, 2010, Small Scale, Big Change. The Museum of Modern Art.
• Lewis, Paul et el, 2007, Lewis.Tsurumaki.Lewis: Opportunistic Architecture. Princeton
• Lofland, Lyn H., 1985, A world of strangers. Waveland Pr Inc.
• Low, Setha M., 2000, On the Plaza: The Politics of Public Space and Culture.
University of Texas Press.
• Marris, Emma, 2011, Rambunctious Garden. Bloomsbury USA.
• Mayne, Thom and Allen, Stan, 2011, Combinatory Urbanism.
• McDonough, William and Braungart, Michael, 2002, Cradle to Cradle. North Point Press.
• McHarg, Ian L., 1995, Design with Nature. Wiley.
• McKibben, Bill, 2008, Deep Economy. St. Martin’s Griffin.
• Miller, Beth Kurti, 2012, Leverage. Community Design Collaborative.
• Morrish, William R. et el, 2009, Growing Urban Habitats.
• Mostafavi, Mohsen, 2010. Ecological Urbanism. Lars Muller Publishers.
• Ockman, Joan and Williamson, Rebecca, 2012, Architecture School. MIT Press (MA).
• Palleroni, Sergio and Merkelbach, Christina Eichbaum, 2004, Studio At Large.
• Papanek, Victor and Papanek, Victor J., 1984, Design for the real world. Academy
Chicago Publishers.

• Pilloton, Emily, 2009, Design Revolution. Metropolis Books.
• Rachel, Somerstein, 2013, New Public Works. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Roberts, Lucienne, 2006, GOOD: an Introduction to Ethics in Graphic Design. AVA Publishing.
• Rubin, Herbert J. and Rubin, Irene, 2008, Community organizing and development.
Allyn & Bacon.
• Sanoff, Henry, 1990, Participatory design. Henry Sanoff.
• Sanoff, Henry, 1991, Visual research methods in design. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Sanoff, Henry, 1992, Integrating programming, evaluation, and participation in design.
• Sanoff, Henry, 1999, Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. Wiley.
• Sanoff, Henry, 2010, Democratic Design.
• Scalin, Noah and Taute, Michelle, 2012, The Design Activist’s Handbook. HOW Books.
• Scott, James C., 1998, Seeing Like State. Yale University Press.
• Scully, Vincent Joseph, 1988, American Architecture and Urbanism. Owl Books.
• Sejima, Kazuyo, 2010, People Meet in Architecture. Marsilio.
• Shaughnessy, Adrian, 2010, How to Be a Graphic Designer Without Losing Your Soul.
Princeton Architectural Press.
• Shea, Andrew, 2012, Designing For Social Change. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Siddiqi, Anooradha Iyer, 2010, Library Book, The: Design Collaborations in the Public
Schools. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Simmons, Christopher, 2011, Just Design. HOW Books.
• Smith, Cynthia E. and Museum, Cooper-Hewitt, 2007, Design for the other 90%.
Assouline Publishing.
• Smith, Cynthia E., 2011, Design with the Other 90%. Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.
• Soja, Edward W., 2011, Postmodern Geographies. Verso Books.
ADDITIONAL TEXTS 47
• Spataro, Salvatore, 2011, Needs Architecture.
• Staeheli, Lynn A. and Mitchell, Don, 2008, The people’s property?
• Stickdorn, Mark and Schneider, Jacob, 2012, This Is Service Design Thinking. Bis Publishers.
http://www.amazon.com/This-Service-Design-Thinking-Basics/dp/1118156307/ref=s
r_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1356830951&sr=1-1&keywords=this+is+service+desig
n+thinking
• Strom, Elizabeth A., 2007, The Urban Politics Reader. Psychology Press.
• Thorbeck, Dewey, 2012, Rural Design. Routledge.
• Towers, Graham, 1995, Building Democracy. Taylor & Francis.
• Turan, Neyran and Ramos, Stephen, 2009, New Geographies 1. Harvard Graduate School.
• Turner, John F. C., 1976, Housing by people. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd.
• Wates, Nick, 2012, The Community Planning Handbook. Routledge.
• White, Mason and Sheppard, Lola, 2011, Pamphlet Architecture 30: Coupling.
Princeton Architectural Press.
• Whyte, William H., 2001, The Social Life Of Small Urban Spaces. Ingram.
• Wujec, Tom et el, 2011, Imagine Design Create.
• Zardini, Mirko et el, 2012, Imperfect Health. Lars Muller Publishers.
Other similar or related bibliographies include:

• “Design and the Social Sector: An Annotated Bibliography” by Courtney Drake &
William Drenttel from Change Observer at DesignObserver.com
• “Literature Review of Community Development Systems” by Michael Frisch and Lisa J.
Servon, which can be found in entry 33 of this bibliography.
• “Community-Higher Education Partnerships: Community Perspectives Annotated
Bibliography” available online at www.ccph.info
• “University-Community Partnership Bibliography” by Tracy Soska

Thank you to all those who helped contribute to this bibliography.
Questions, comments and additions are all greatly appreciated:
Editor:
Gilad Meron
[email protected]
Project Director:
Barbara Brown Wilson
Director: Center for Sustainable Development
[email protected]
www.soa.utexas.edu/csd
ADDITIONAL TEXTS 49
“Those who have the privilege to know, have the duty to act.”
-Albert Einstein
UTSOA - Center for Sustainable Development

1 University Station B7500
Austin, Texas 78712

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The following bibliography is intended for the student

It is structured semi-chronologically, such that subsequent

This bibliography was created as a supplement to the

4 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

8 PART 1: PREDECESSORS TO PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN

12 PART 2: THE EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

16 PART 3: THE BIRTH OF COMMUNITY DESIGN CENTERS

20 PART 4: PEDAGOGIES OF PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN

24 PART 5: EMERGING AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

28 PART 6: PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN

32 REFERENCES FOR ALL TEXTS INCLUDED

40 ADDITIONAL LIST OF PID RELATED TEXTS

6 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

8 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Community and The Politics of Place [1]

Further Related Reading:

Further Related Reading:

Further Related Reading:

10 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Reading:

Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life [17]

Further Related Reading:

12 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Reading:

Further Related Reading:

The Urban Process Under Capitalism: A Framework for Analysis [29]

Further Related Reading:

14 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Reading:

Making Equity Planning Work [37]

16 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Pedagogy of the Oppressed [41]

Further Related Reading:

Further Related Reading:

Community Design: Idealism and Entrepreneurship [49]

Further Related Reading:

18 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Reading:

A Useful Practice [57]

Further Related Reading:

20 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Experience and Education [61]

Further Related Reading:

Further Related Reading:

Principles of Engagement: (Mis)Understanding the Community Design Studio [69]

Further Related Reading:

22 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Reading:

Participatory Action Research from the Inside [77]

Further Related Reading:

24 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Can This Profession Be Saved? [81]

Further Related Readings:

Further Related Reading:

You Shall Know Our Velocity [89]

Further Related Reading:

26 PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGN SUMMER 2012

Further Related Readings: