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    Molecular Geometry 2

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    3Mshop
    Molecular geometry depends on the central atom and its valence electrons. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory and Valence Bond theory place bonding electrons and lone pairs on the central atom as far apart as possible. The positions of the atomic nuclei then determine the molecular geometry. Common electron pair geometries and their corresponding molecular geometries are listed. Distortions from ideal angles occur due to the presence of lone pairs on the central atom and differences in atomic size.

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    Molecular Geometry 2

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    3Mshop
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    Molecular geometry depends on the central atom and its valence electrons. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory and Valence Bond theory place bonding electrons and lone pairs on the central atom as far apart as possible. The positions of the atomic nuclei then determine the molecular geometry. Common electron pair geometries and their corresponding molecular geometries are listed. Distortions from ideal angles occur due to the presence of lone pairs on the central atom and differences in atomic size.

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    Molecular geometry depends on the central atom and its valence electrons. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory and Valence Bond theory place bonding electrons and lone pairs on the central atom as far apart as possible. The positions of the atomic nuclei then determine the molecular geometry. Common electron pair geometries and their corresponding molecular geometries are listed. Distortions from ideal angles occur due to the presence of lone pairs on the central atom and differences in atomic size.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    146 views3 pages

    Molecular Geometry 2

    Uploaded by

    3Mshop
    Molecular geometry depends on the central atom and its valence electrons. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory and Valence Bond theory place bonding electrons and lone pairs on the central atom as far apart as possible. The positions of the atomic nuclei then determine the molecular geometry. Common electron pair geometries and their corresponding molecular geometries are listed. Distortions from ideal angles occur due to the presence of lone pairs on the central atom and differences in atomic size.

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    of 3

    Molecular Geometry, using Lewis Structures, the VSEPR and Valence

    Bond Theories

    These notes should not replace the reading of text books.

    Physical and Chemical properties depend on the geometry of a molecule.


    Molecular Geometry (three dimensional structure) depends on the nature of the central atom
    (with or without d-orbitals): : the bonding electrons and the lone pairs around it.
     Use Lewis structures and the VSEPR theory: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion,
    bonding electrons and lone pairs (the valence electrons) are placed on a sphere as far
    apart as possible
     Use Lewis structures and the Valence bond (VB) theory : Bonding electrons and lone
    pairs are accommodated in hybridized orbitals, as far apart as possible in three
    dimensional space

    For Molecular Geometry (Structure): the positions of the atomic nuclei will determine the
    geometry

    BP = Bonding Pairs, LP = Lone Pairs

    Electron Pair Geometry: AX2(2 BP)

    Molecular Geometry: Linear

    Electron Pair Geometry: AX3 (3BP or 2BP + 1LP)

    Molecular Geometry: AX3 Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry: AX2E1 Bent/Angular

    Electron Pair Geometry: AX4 [4BP or (3BP + 1LP) or (2BP + 2LP)]

    Molecular Geometry: AX4 Molecular Geometry: AX3E1 Molecular Geometry: AX2E2


    Tetrahedral Trigonal Pyramidal Bent/Angular

    Electron Pair Geometry: AX5 [5BP or (4BP + 1 LP) or (3BP + 2LP) or (2BP + 3LP)]

    Molecular Geometry: Molecular Geometry: Molecular Geometry: Molecular Geometry:


    AX5 AX4E1 AX3E2 AX2E3
    Trigonal Bipyramidal See-saw T-structure Linear

    In AX5: More electronegative atoms in the axial positions, (bond will be a bit longer), and lone
    pairs and double bonds in the equatorial position, see see-saw, T- and linear-structures.

    Electron Pair Geometry AX6 [6 BP or (5BP + 1 LP) or (4BP + 2LP)]

    Molecular Geometry: AX6 Molecular Geometry: AX4E1 Molecular Geometry: AX4E2


    Octahedral Pyramidal Planar Square Planar
    To predict molecular geometry, find the nuclei of the atoms in three dimensional space, after
    defining the electron pair geometry from eg AX3E2 as AX3+2 = AX5, remember the distortions.
    Distortions in bond angles are influenced by (1) the lone pairs on the central atom and (2) the
    size of atoms, eg
    H2O OF2 OCl2
    HOH 104.5 ° FOF 103 ° ClOCl 111 °

    With lone pairs on the central atom, the bond angle will not be the AX4 109.5 °.
    The HOH bond will be smaller than the standard 109.5 °, because of the larger volume of the
    two lone pairs on the oxygen atom, but in OF2 the more electronegative F atoms will draw the
    lone pairs closer to the OF single bonds, influencing the bond angle more. The ClOCl bond
    angle is measured as 111 °, larger than the expected 109 °, because of the larger chlorine
    atoms, they move away from each other, repulsion of the electronic charges on the large atoms.

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