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SCHOOL OF LAW

RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

( SYLLABUS)

MODULE I – ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

1.​ A
​ rticles and its uses; omissions.

2. Adjectives; comparative & superlative degrees; conversion.

3.​ A
​ dverbs.

4.​ ​Prepositions – uses and omissions, prepositions of travel and movement, preposition of date and
time, relations expressed by prepositions, words followed by prepositions.

5.​ C
​ onjunction and its uses.

5.​ C
​ ompositing complex and compound sentences using conjunctions.

6.​ ​Tense: Present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past
continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, simple future, future continuous.

7.​ A
​ ctive and Passive Voice

8.​ D
​ irect and indirect speeches.

9.​ P
​ hrasal verbs.

10. Aids to vocabulary: One word for a group of words; idioms; proverbs [C.f., Gandhi, p. 59 -115]

10.​ ​Sentences and Paragraph writing in Law [C.f., Rylance, p.14 -19]

11.​ ​The 3-paragraph essay writing on legal topics.

12. Modals – Modal of ability, Modal of Possibility, Modal of Permission, etc.

13.​ E
​ xpressions relating to time [C.f., Rylance, p.225-232]

14. Punctuation [C.f., Rylance, p. 20-30]

15. Barriers to communication, and its consequences w.r.t. law [C.f., Sridhar, p.13]
SCHOOL OF LAW
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

MODULE II – LEGAL COMMUNICATION AND LEGAL WRITING ​[C.f., Gandhi, p.164-193]

1.​ ​Language in Law: a source of trouble and resolution [C.f., Sridhar, p.1; Gandhi, p.3-4; Tripathi,
p.7-25]

2. Importance of legal language [C.f., Gandhi, p.8-11]

3. Legal Writing [C.f., Gandhi, p.164-193]

4. Fundamental Principles of Legal Writing: Concision, Clarity, and Cogency [C.f., Sridhar,
p.211-221]

5. Legal Terms and Transactions [C.f., Sridhar, p.253-270; Gandhi, p.249-314; Tripathi, p.159-217]

6. Legal Maxims [C.f., Sridhar, p.288-296; Gandhi, p.327-399; Tripathi, p.43-59, 218-246]

7. ​ ​Legal Reasoning – Induction, Analogy, and Justification, etc. [C.f., Gandhi, p.11-24]

8. Writing business and legal letters [C.f., Tripathi, p.270-291].

9. Writing emails, text messages (SMS) – Dos and Don’ts, basic courtesy and etiquettes [C.f.,
Rylance, p.127-176].

10.Writing applications.

11. Writing brief proposals.

12.​ R
​ eport Writing on various current event topics

13.​ P
​ recis writing in the legal profession [C.f., Gandhi, p.117-126].

14.​ L
​ egal Drafting [C.f., Gandhi, p.215-246]

15.​ D
​ rafting Considerations - What to say and what not to say [C.f., Zillman & Roth, p.135-138]

16. Rules of language to be followed in drafting [C.f., Prashad, p.60-63]

17. Drafting official memos, notices, plaints, etc. [C.f., Tripathi, p.292-296]

18.​ ​ Drafting Complaint and Motion [C.f., Zillman & Roth, p.19-43, 63-95]
SCHOOL OF LAW
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

19.​ W
​ riting Case Comments [C.f., Sridhar, p.232-236; Gandhi, p.195-210].

20.​ W
​ riting Notices – Legal Notice, Private Notice, Public Notice

21.​ W
​ riting Affidavits – Simple affidavit, Court affidavit [C.f., Tripathi, p.275].

22.​ O
​ ral Presentations [C.f., Sridhar, p. 274]

MODULE III – LAW AND LITERATURE

1. The Concept and the Nature of Law [C.f., Gandhi, p.4]

A) The Nature of Law

B) Classification of Law acc. to Aristotle [C.f., Gandhi, p.5]

C) Custom , Morality, Law

a) Law is for guidance of human conduct.

b) Law is a body of rules.

c) Law is imposed

d) Enforcement

e) The State

f) Content of Law

g) Justice and Law

2. Crimes and Civil Wrong

A) Distinction between Crime and Civil Wrong

B) Terminology used in Crime and civil Wrong

3. Command of Language in the Profession of the Law

A) The tools of trade


SCHOOL OF LAW
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

B) Acquiring skill

C) Addressing the court

4. Mock Trial Presentations (Practical activities w.r.t units 1, 2, and 3 of Module III above)

TEXTS:

1. Merchant of Venice ​(relevant portions, particularly the court scene) – William Shakespeare

2.​ ​Macbeth - ​William Shakespeare

3.​ ​12 Angry Men ​(Film – Courtroom Drama) – Reginald Rose; Sidney Lumet (1957) [Role of Jurors;
Race]

4.​ ​The wrongful conviction of Dennis Maher ​– News Report [Role of Jurors; Race]

5.​ ​The Lucia De Berk Trial ​– News Report [Circumstantial Evidence]

6.​ ​The Perfect Murder ​(Short Story) – Jeffery Archer [Circumstantial Evidence]

7.​ ​In the court ​(Short Story) – Anton Chekhov

8.​ ​The trial for murder ​(Short Story) – Charles Dickens

9.​ ​May it please the court? ​(Short Story) – Angela Mae Kupenda [Race].

10.​ ​The Bet​ (Short Story) – Anton Chekhov [Analysis of the story].

11.​ ​The Trial ​– Franz Kafka

12.​ ​ ​Suits ​(American TV Series)

Methods of Teaching​: Reading, Writing, Films and Audio-Visual Clips, Debates and Discussions,
Simulations and Role Plays, Projects and Research on the subject with examples.
SCHOOL OF LAW
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

Recommended Readings and Textbooks

1. R.A. Posner, Law and Literature (3​rd Ed.), Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 2009 [ISBN:
9780674032460].

2. E.V. Gemmette, Law in Literature: Legal Themes in Short Stories.

3. F. Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment.

4. M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.

5. M.A. Yadugiri & Geetha Bhasker, English for Law, Foundation Books, Delhi, 2005.

6. R.P.Bhatnagar, Law and Language, Macmillan, 2009

7. Chaturvedi & Chaturvedi, “Business Communication”, Pearson, 2004.

8. Rai & Rai, “Business Correspondence & Report Writing”, Himalaya Publishing House, 2001

9. Matthukutty M Monippally, “Business Communication Strategies” Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2001

10. Sharma & Mohan, “Business Correspondence and Report Writing”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2002

11. S. Pit Corder, An intermediate English Practice Book, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1996.

12. A.S. Hornby, Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, OUP, Delhi, 1999.

13. David Green, Contemporary English Grammar Structures and Composition, Macmillan, Chennai,
1999.

14. Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English, Longman, Delhi, 2001.

15. Thomson and Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, OUP, Bombay, 1970

16. Wren & Martin, High School English Grammar & Composition, S. Chand, New Delhi, 1973

17. Kev Nair, Thesaurus of Phrasal Verbs (1st Ed.), Adult Faculties Council, Kochi, 2007

18. B.M. Gandhi, Legal Language, Legal Writing & General English, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow, 2009

19. Dr. Madabhushi Sridhar, Legal Language (2nd Ed.), Asia Law House, Hyderabad, 1999.
SCHOOL OF LAW
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY
DEGREE: B.B.A.LL.B / B.A.LL.B​. ​(Integrated Law degree course)

SUBJECT: LEGAL ENGLISH SUBJECT CODE: LENG - II SEMESTER: 2​ND

20. Paul Rylance, Writing and Drafting in Legal Practice, OUP, Oxford, 2012

21. Dr. S.C. Tripathi, Legal Language, Legal Writing & General English (4th Ed.), Central Law
Publications, Allahabad, 2008.

22. Donald N. Zillman & Evan J. Roth, Strategic Legal Writing, Cambridge University Press, New
York, 2008.

23. Dr. Anirudh Prasad, Outlines of Legal Language in India, Central Law Publications, Allahabad,
2003.

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