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    Lecture 2 - MIDI Basics

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    Andres F. Saavedra
    The document provides information about the MIDI specification including: - MIDI was introduced in 1983 and standardized digital communication between synthesizers from different manufacturers. - Organizations like the MMA and JMSC define MIDI specifications and standards to ensure compatibility. - MIDI transmits performance data but not audio via a serial protocol over 5-pin DIN cables with a maximum length of 50 feet. - Devices can be connected in basic or daisy chain configurations with masters transmitting to slaves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 2 - MIDI Basics

    Uploaded by

    Andres F. Saavedra
    82 views46 pages
    The document provides information about the MIDI specification including: - MIDI was introduced in 1983 and standardized digital communication between synthesizers from different manufacturers. - Organizations like the MMA and JMSC define MIDI specifications and standards to ensure compatibility. - MIDI transmits performance data but not audio via a serial protocol over 5-pin DIN cables with a maximum length of 50 feet. - Devices can be connected in basic or daisy chain configurations with masters transmitting to slaves.

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    Midi Basics

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    The document provides information about the MIDI specification including: - MIDI was introduced in 1983 and standardized digital communication between synthesizers from different manufacturers. - Organizations like the MMA and JMSC define MIDI specifications and standards to ensure compatibility. - MIDI transmits performance data but not audio via a serial protocol over 5-pin DIN cables with a maximum length of 50 feet. - Devices can be connected in basic or daisy chain configurations with masters transmitting to slaves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views46 pages

    Lecture 2 - MIDI Basics

    Uploaded by

    Andres F. Saavedra
    The document provides information about the MIDI specification including: - MIDI was introduced in 1983 and standardized digital communication between synthesizers from different manufacturers. - Organizations like the MMA and JMSC define MIDI specifications and standards to ensure compatibility. - MIDI transmits performance data but not audio via a serial protocol over 5-pin DIN cables with a maximum length of 50 feet. - Devices can be connected in basic or daisy chain configurations with masters transmitting to slaves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 46

    The MIDI Specification

    MIDI
    Musical Instrument Digital Interface

    - Introduced in 1983 by Dave Smith (Sequential Circuits)


    - Based on Roland’s DCB standard
    - Universal standardized specification
    - Enables communication between synthesizers made by
    different manufacturers
    MMA / JMSC MIDI.org
    MMA (MIDI Manufacturers Association)
    - Define Specifications & Standards
    - Coordinate with Manufacturers and Users
    - Manage the Americas and Europe
    JMSC (Japanese MIDI Standards Committee)
    - Coordinate the Asian and Pacific Rim Regions
    MIDI Basics
    MIDI is a communications language
    - MIDI is the performance data only
    - MIDI is NOT audio

    Audio Output MIDI


    Data
    MIDI Basics
    Master Device / Slave Device Relationship

    Transmits Receives
    MIDI Data MIDI Data

    MASTER SLAVE
    The MIDI Cable
    5 pin DIN protocol
    (Deutsche Industrie Norm)

    Only pins 2, 4 & 5 are used

    Pin 5 - Data
    Pin 2 - Ground
    Pin 4 - +5 bias voltage
    The MIDI Cable

    PIN 3 PIN 1

    PIN 5 PIN 4
    DATA +5 BIAS
    PIN 2
    GROUND
    MIDI Cable Specs
    - 50’ Maximum Cable Length
    - 16 Independent Channels
    - Serial Transmission Protocol
    MIDI Specs
    Data Transmission:
    31.25 Kilobaud or
    31,250 baud
    (baud = bits per second)
    Connection Ports
    Connection Ports
    OUT
    Where a Master Device
    transmits MIDI data

    IN
    Where a Slave Device
    receives MIDI data

    THRU
    Sends a direct copy of
    all MIDI data arriving at
    the IN Port
    Basic MIDI Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE
    Basic MIDI Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE
    Daisy Chain Wiring
    - Commonly used with Live MIDI Setups
    - Allows control of multiple Slave Devices from a single
    Master Device

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring
    - Commonly used with Live MIDI Setups
    - Allows control of multiple Slave Devices from a single
    Master Device

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring
    - Commonly used with Live MIDI Setups
    - Allows control of multiple Slave Devices from a single
    Master Device

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring
    - Commonly used with Live MIDI Setups
    - Allows control of multiple Slave Devices from a single
    Master Device

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Local Control Switch
    Controls the connection between a synthesizer’s keys
    and the internal sound engine.
    Local Control: Local On
    Keys transmit directly to the internal sound engine of a
    synthesizer (and typically the MIDI OUT port as well)

    Sound Generator I O T
    Local Control: Local Off
    Keys send to the MIDI OUT Port ONLY.

    Sound Generator I O T
    Local Control: Local Off
    The Internal Sound Engine receives MIDI via the MIDI IN Port,
    allowing both a Master Device and Slave Device in one unit.

    Sound Generator I O T
    Daisy Chain Limitations
    - MIDI IN Ports are Optically Isolated
    - Prevents hum, buzz, ground loops, and RF interference

    R Sound Engine
    Optical Isolation - Slew Rate
    - Each optical conversion increases probability of error
    - Maximum of 3 MIDI Slave Devices (recommended)

    MASTER

    SLAVE 1

    SLAVE 2

    SLAVE 3
    A Potential Problem...
    If we can only connect 3 Slave Devices past the Master
    Device, how can we get around this?

    MIDI Thru Box

    A MIDI Thru Box routes MIDI data


    arriving at its IN Ports to ALL of the
    OUT (THRU) Ports simultaneously.
    This allows us to connect as many Slave Devices as the
    number of available Thru Box Ports. The Thru Box’s circuitry
    eliminates Slew Rate errors and signal loss.
    Handshake Wiring
    - Both the IN Port and OUT Port of two devices
    are connected together
    - Allows total communication between devices
    - Smartest MIDI wiring procedure
    Handshake Wiring

    Audio Outputs
    MIDI Channels
    There are 16 total MIDI channels available

    Transmit (Tx) Channel - MIDI channel that a Master device


    uses to transmit its performance data
    Receive (Rx) Channel - MIDI channel on which a Slave
    device will respond to incoming performance data
    MIDI Channels

    Rx: Rx: Rx: Rx:


    Tx: Tx: Tx: Tx:
    Receive Modes
    The MIDI Receive Modes define the fundamental channel and
    voicing functionality of a MIDI device.
    They determine if a device will respond to only one or all MIDI
    channels, and if it has the ability to play chords.
    Receive Modes

    1.OMNI ON POLY
    2.OMNI ON MONO
    3. OMNI OFF
    3.OMNI OFF POLY
    POLY
    4.OMNI OFF MONO

    Mode 3 is the most commonly used


    OMNI ON
    When OMNI Mode is ON, a device receives on any (and all)
    MIDI channels. It merges all the data, and plays the one
    sound assigned to the Receive Channel.

    MIDI data (channels) received

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

    Merged MIDI data plays the sound


    on Receive Channel 1
    OMNI OFF
    When OMNI Mode is OFF, a device only responds to MIDI
    data that matches the device’s Receive channel.

    MIDI data (channels) received

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

    Only MIDI data matching the


    Receive channel is played
    POLY MONO
    (Polyphonic) (Monophonic)

    The ability to play MORE


    The ability to play ONLY

    than one note at a time. one note at a time.


    Wiring Station Details
    Wiring Station Quiz
    During Week 1, you will be tested on your ability to correctly
    wire a station for both MIDI and Audio.
    If you have any questions, please ask a Lab Specialist for
    help prior to the start of grading.
    MIDI Signal Flow
    Basic MIDI Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE
    Basic MIDI Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE
    Daisy Chain Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Daisy Chain Wiring

    MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3


    Handshake Wiring

    Audio Outputs
    Videos

    Due this week


    Lab Project
    - Starts during Lab 3

    - Checkpoint during Lab 5

    - Graded during Lab 10

    - You can transfer your project to your laptop to work from home.

    - We highly recommend backing up your Lab Project throughout


    the month.

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