9.5.1-MA5.1-11MG Part 3 Scales and Scale Drawing

Distance Education Mathematics Network
Stage 5 Mathematics
Year 9 – 5.1 Course
MA5.1-11MG Properties of Geometrical Figures
Part 3 – Scales and Scale Drawing
Distance Education Mathematics Network

Acknowledgments
Distance Education Mathematics Network gratefully acknowledges the following owners of copyright
material.
Centre for Learning Innovation
Board of Studies NSW Mathematics K-10 Syllabus 2013
Learning Materials Production, Open Training and Education Network - Distance Education, NSW
Department of Education and Training 2002
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9.5.1-MA5.1-11MG Part 3 Scales and Scale Drawing.docx Distance Education Mathematics Network
3
Contents
Outcomes 5
Preliminary Quiz 5
Finding lengths using a scale 7
Exercise 3.1 – Finding lengths using a scale 11
Drawing to scale 13
Exercise 3.2 – Drawing to scale 21
Enlargements using grids 24
Exercise 3.3 – Enlargements using grids 28
4
Outcomes
By completing this unit, students are working towards achieving the following outcomes.
You have the opportunity to learn to:
 use appropriate terminology, diagrams and symbols in mathematical

contexts MA5.1-1WM
 select and use appropriate strategies to solve problems MA5.1-2WM
 provide reasoning to support conclusions that are appropriate to the context MA5.1-3WM
 describe and apply the properties of similar figures and scale drawings MA5.1-11MG
Knowledge, skills and understanding

Students:
Working Mathematically
 develop understanding and fluency in mathematics through inquiry, exploring and connecting
mathematical concepts, choose and apply problem-solving skills and mathematical
techniques, communication and reasoning
Measurement and Geometry

 identify, visualise and quantify measures and the attributes of shapes and objects, and
explore measurement concepts and geometric relationships, applying formulas, strategies
and geometric reasoning in the solution of problems
5
Preliminary Quiz
Before you start this booklet, use this preliminary quiz to revise some skills you will need.
Activity - Preliminary Quiz

Try these.
1. Complete the following conversions:
a) 1 km = ____________ metres (m)
b) 1 metre = __________ centimetres (cm)
c) 1 centimetre = ___________ millimetres (mm)
d) 1 metre = _________ millimetres (mm)
2. Simplify these ratios
a) 2 :100  _____________________
b) 10 : 200  ___________________
c) 50 : 500  ___________________
3. Convert
a) 200 cm = ______________ metres
b) 5 km = _____________ metres
c) 7 metres = ______________ centimetres
Now correct your answers from the suggested answers given on the next page.
5
Finding lengths using a scale
Scale drawings and models are used often in

everyday life. People such as architects and
engineers make scale drawings and models of
buildings and bridges etc and people such as
builders must be able to read and use them so
that these things can be built.
Scale drawings and models are the same shape as

the object that they represent but they are
obviously smaller.
Scales are a ratio. When a scale of a drawing is

given, e.g. 1:100, it means that the real life object is 100 times larger than on the drawing.
Scale of drawing = length on drawing : real length
We can also write a scale of 1:100 as 1 to 100. These can both be simplified to 1 unit on the scale
drawing representing 100 units in real life.
For a scale of 1:100
1 mm on the scale drawing would represent 100 mm in real life.

1 cm on the scale drawing would represent 100 cm (or 1 m) in
real life.
1 m on the scale drawing would represent 100 m in real life.
The scale of a drawing determines the size of the drawing. The closer the two numbers are in the
ratio the closer the drawing is to real size. So a 1 : 10 scale drawing would be bigger than a
1 : 100 scale drawing of the same object.
You can also think of a ratio as a fraction. A ratio (or scale) of

1
1 : 10 means that the drawing is (one tenth) the size of the
10
real dimensions. A scale of 1 : 100 means that the drawing is
1
(one hundredth) the size of the real dimensions.
100
7
Examples
1. Calculate the real distance between points which are the following distances apart on a map if
the scale on the map is 1 : 1000.
Note:
A scale of 1 : 1000 means that:
1 mm on the map represents 1000 mm or 1 m in real life.
1 cm on the map represents 1000 cm or 10 m in real life.
a) 5 cm represents what real distance?
1 cm represents 1000 cm
×5 ×5
5 cm represents 5000 cm or 50 m
So the two points are 50 m apart.
b) 26 mm represents what real distance?

1 mm represents 1000 mm
×26 ×26
26 mm represents 26 m
So the two points are 26 m apart.
2. A scale drawing is to be made using a scale of 1:100. What length on a drawing would the
following real distances represented.
Note:
A scale of 1 : 100 means that:
1 mm on the map represents 100 mm in real life or
1 cm on the scale drawing represents 100 cm in real life.
a) 200 cm represents what distance on the drawing?

Scale is 1 : 100
×2 ×2
A real distance of 200 cm would be 2 cm on the drawing. Another way of doing this
1
type of question is to say 1 : 100 means the scale drawing is of the real
100
dimensions.
 200 cm in real life would be
1
 200 cm  2 cm on the drawing.
100
8
b) 4.3 m represents what distance on a scale drawing?
1
As before,  4.3 m
100
1
  430 cm
100
 4.3 cm
 4.3 m would be 4.3 cm or 43 mm on the drawing.
3. We can simplify scales like we simplify ratios.

For example a scale of 5 cm representing 200 m can be written
as 5 cm : 200m.
 5cm:20000 cm Writing them in the same units.
 5 : 20000 Now the 2 numbers are in the same units we can drop the units.
5 20000 Divide both sides of the ratio by 5.

 :
5 5
 1: 4000
Activity - Finding lengths using a scale

Try these.
1. Given the scale of 1 : 50
a) Find these real distances that are represented by these lengths on the model
i. 1 cm ____________________________________________________________
ii. 2 mm ____________________________________________________________
iii. 4.2 cm ___________________________________________________________
b) Find the lengths on the model that would match with these real distances
i. 5000 mm _________________________________________________________
ii. 3.5 m = 350 cm ____________________________________________________
2. Simplify a scale of 3 cm to 900 m.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9
Exercise 3.1 – Finding lengths using a scale
1. Complete these:
a) 1: 200  1 cm : ____________ cm
 1 cm : _____________ m
b) 1:1000  1 cm : ___________ cm
 1 cm : ____________ m
c) 1: 250  1 cm : ____________ cm
 1 cm : _____________ m
2. Write each of the following scales as a ratio
a) 1 cm to 3 m = _______________
b) 1 cm to 20 m = ______________
c) 1 cm to 1 km = ______________
d) 5 cm to 2 km = ______________
3. A scale of 2 cm to 300 m is the same as:
A. 150 : 1 B 1:150 C 15000 : 1 D. 1:15000
4. For a scale of 1 cm to 10 m find the lengths on a drawing that show real distances of:
a) 20 m ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) 85 m ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) 7680 mm ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
11
5. For a scale of 1 : 5000 find the real life distances for these lengths on the scale drawing.
d) 3 mm ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
e) 2 cm ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
f) 4.5 cm ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. Which of the following would be the most suitable scale for drawing a calculator?
A. 1 : 100 B 1:10 C 1:2 D. 1:1

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
7. A 1 : 100000 map shows two creeks 3.6 cm apart. How far apart are they in real life?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12
Drawing to scale
It is the scale that allows you to understand the relative size of objects.
In this section you will use an appropriate scale for each drawing, apply the scale factor to work out
the size of various parts of the image and then construct a few scale drawings.
The following activity shows you how to construct a simple scale drawing of a garden. Use the grid
paper provided.
13
Example:
For this task you will need a pencil, a ruler and a pair of compasses. Use the grid paper on page 15.
The task is to create an accurate scale drawing of the following square back yard to fit in a space 10
cm by 10 cm.
Step 1 – Work out the scale
To work out the scale factor, you need to turn 25 m into 10 cm by first converting 25 m into
centimetres.
10 cm : 25 m
= 10 cm : 2500 cm (change to same units)
= 10 : 2500 (leave out the units)
= 1 : 250 (divide by 10)
 The drawing will be 250 times smaller than the real garden
Step 2 – Draw the square for the backyard
The outside square will be 10 cm by 10 cm. Use the grid paper and draw the square on it.
Step 3 – Draw the pool
To convert real lengths to dimensions for the drawing, you need to:
 convert all real lengths to centimetres
 divide by the scale factor of 250
1
That is, find of the real length or make the real measurement 250 times smaller.
250
14
The pool will have the following dimensions:
7 m = 700 cm and 15.5 m = 1550 cm
700 cm ÷ 250 = 2.8 cm This is the width of the pool on the drawing
1550 cm ÷ 250 = 6.2 cm This is the length of the pool on the drawing.
Draw this rectangle in the corner using a ruler.
Step 3 – Draw the grass section
The grass is a quadrant if a circle. The radius is 14 m.

Converting this to a scale measurement you get:
14 m = 1400 cm
1400 cm ÷ 250 = 5.6 cm
To draw the grass you need to use the corner as the centre, then draw a quadrant with radius 5.6 cm
using a pair of compasses.
Use this grid for the example
15
Your complete drawing will look like this. Compare your drawing to this one to check your
accuracy.
5.6 cm
grass
paving
pool
6.2 cm
2.8 cm
Remember that the most important part of a scale drawing is that it is accurate. That is why it is
important to use protractors and other instruments to contract your drawing as carefully as possible.
Use the method above to complete the following activity.
16
Activity – Drawing to scale
Try these.
Below is a rough sketch of a garage. Use the scale 1 : 50 and the dimensions from the sketch to
construct an accurate scale drawing of the garage.
The scale is 1 : 50
= 1 cm : 50 cm
= 1 cm : 0.5 m
1
We could also think of the plan as being the size of the real garage. This makes the
50
calculations easier.
Complete the following calculations: (the first one is done for you)
1
length of garage   6 m
50
1
  600 cm
50
 600 cm  50
 12 cm
 garage is 12 cm long on the drawing.
1
width of garage  3 m
50
= _____________________
= _____________________
= _____________________
 garage is ________ cm wide on the drawing.
17
1
length of door   _______________ m
50
= ______________________
= ______________________
= ______________________
 the door is _______ cm long on the drawing.
Positioning the door in the middle of the wall:
Length each side of door = 0.25 m in real life
1
 length on plan   ________________
50
= ___________________
= ___________________
length of window = ____________________

= ___________________
= ___________________
= ___________________
 the window is ___________ cm long on the drawing.
Now rule your scale drawing on the grid over the page.
18
19
Exercise 3.2 – Drawing to scale
1. The sketch below shows a rectangular paddock. Use your ruler to create an accurate scale
drawing in the space provided using a scale of 1 : 200.
Length of drawing = ________________________

_________________________
_________________________
Width of drawing = _________________________

_________________________
_________________________
Length of gate = ____________________________

_________________________
_________________________
Do your drawing on the grid page overleaf.
21
22
2. Draw a scale diagram of
a) a square with sides 200 m [Scale = 1 cm represents 50 m]
b) a circle, radius 32 km [Scale = 1 cm :10 km]
3. The real shark represented in this scale diagram is 5metres long. Find:
a) the scale used. __________________________________________________________
b) the actual height of the dorsal fin (the dorsal fin is the large fin in the middle of the
shark’s back). __________________________________________________________
23
Enlargements using grids
A method for enlarging or reducing a simple drawing or cartoon is to draw a square grid over the
original, then draw another grid with the same number of squares but make the squares larger.
Look at the diagram below.
The grid is used to redraw small parts of the picture at a time.

Use the points where the drawing crosses the grid to judge the new size of the sketch.
The following activity shows you how to enlarge a very simple drawing. Follow along with the
process yourself using the grid.
24
This activity will lead you through the process of using a grid to enlarge the image below.
The first step is to carefully draw a grid over the drawing. If the diagram has lots of detail, it is best
to draw a grid with small squares. For this activity, the grid has been drawn for you.
Once you have drawn a grid on your picture, you then draw a grid with larger squares. The second
grid should have the same number of big squares as the one on your picture. The grid for this
activity has been drawn for you. This grid is four times as large as the grid on the picture so your
drawing will be enlarged by a factor of four.
Treat each square as a separate picture. Judge where the original picture goes through the small
square and use that judgement to draw the picture in the corresponding large square.
The few steps below show you how to start enlarging the above cartoon.
Start with the tail. It is the top, left square. The tip is about one-third down the square and about one
sixth across. Put as light dot.
It crosses the bottom about half way across on one side and in the corner on the other. Put dots at
these places. Now sketch in the details. The dots give you the size to aim for.
To make it easier for you to draw the smaller picture has been copied on to the next page.
25
26
Continue the tail by judging where it cuts the next grid lines.
Remember to judge by fraction of the grid, not by distance because the distances are changing to
make the picture bigger.
Draw in the image in the next square. The back curves from about a quarter of the way up the next
grid line to about a quarter of the way along the horizontal line. Draw in the curve and join the tail.
Continue to make small marks for guidance and use fractions of lines and squares to make the shale
larger. Finish your enlargent. Like any skill, this type of enlargement takes practice.
Practise this skill again by producing another enlargement in the following exercise.
27
Exercise 3.3 – Enlargements using grids
1. Enlarge this picture to double its size on the grid provided.
28
2. Reduce the size of this drawing of a fish.
29

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Distance Education Mathematics Network

Distance Education Mathematics Network

NOTICE ON MATERIAL REPRODUCED OR COMMUNICATED UNDER STATUTORY TEXT AND

Writers: Mathematics Teachers, Sydney Distance Education High School

Finding lengths using a scale 7

Exercise 3.1 – Finding lengths using a scale 11

Exercise 3.2 – Drawing to scale 21

Enlargements using grids 24

Exercise 3.3 – Enlargements using grids 28

You have the opportunity to learn to:

 use appropriate terminology, diagrams and symbols in mathematical

 select and use appropriate strategies to solve problems MA5.1-2WM

Knowledge, skills and understanding

Measurement and Geometry

Activity - Preliminary Quiz

1. Complete the following conversions:

a) 1 km = ____________ metres (m)

b) 1 metre = __________ centimetres (cm)

c) 1 centimetre = ___________ millimetres (mm)

d) 1 metre = _________ millimetres (mm)

2. Simplify these ratios

a) 200 cm = ______________ metres

c) 7 metres = ______________ centimetres

Scale drawings and models are used often in

Scale drawings and models are the same shape as

Scales are a ratio. When a scale of a drawing is

Scale of drawing = length on drawing : real length

For a scale of 1:100

1 mm on the scale drawing would represent 100 mm in real life.

You can also think of a ratio as a fraction. A ratio (or scale) of

a) 5 cm represents what real distance?

b) 26 mm represents what real distance?

a) 200 cm represents what distance on the drawing?

3. We can simplify scales like we simplify ratios.

 5cm:20000 cm Writing them in the same units.

5 20000 Divide both sides of the ratio by 5.

Activity - Finding lengths using a scale

1. Given the scale of 1 : 50

iii. 4.2 cm ___________________________________________________________

ii. 3.5 m = 350 cm ____________________________________________________

2. Simplify a scale of 3 cm to 900 m.

2. Write each of the following scales as a ratio

3. A scale of 2 cm to 300 m is the same as:

A. 150 : 1 B 1:150 C 15000 : 1 D. 1:15000

A. 1 : 100 B 1:10 C 1:2 D. 1:1

Step 1 – Work out the scale

Step 2 – Draw the square for the backyard

Step 3 – Draw the pool

Draw this rectangle in the corner using a ruler.

Step 3 – Draw the grass section

The grass is a quadrant if a circle. The radius is 14 m.

Use this grid for the example

Use the method above to complete the following activity.

Length each side of door = 0.25 m in real life

length of window = ____________________

 the window is ___________ cm long on the drawing.

Length of drawing = ________________________

Width of drawing = _________________________

Length of gate = ____________________________

Do your drawing on the grid page overleaf.