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File No.
LSGD-DD2/140/2018-LSGD
GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
Abstract
Local Self Government Department - Revised Study Report of Work-Time &
Motion for Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (Kerala) - Approved - Orders issued.
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT (DD) DEPARTMENT
G.O.(Ms)No.92/2020/LSGD Dated,Thiruvananthapuram, 04/06/2020
Read 1 G.O.(MS)No.162/2017/LSGD dated 19.08.2017

2 Letter No.J-11017/36/2017-RE-VII(359092) dated 28.11.2017 of Ministry
of Rural Development , Government of India
3 Letter No.44370/EGS A1/14/REGS dated 18.03.2020 from the Mission
Director(MGNREGS)
ORDER
The Work, Time & Motion Study Report of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
(Kerala) submitted by KILA was approved by Government as per order read
as 1st paper above. Later, the Ministry of Rural Development , Government of
India issued a revised template for preparation of Work,Time & Motion study
as per letter read as 2nd paper above and instructed to prepare the same in
the revised template. Accordingly KILA was entrusted to revise the study
report and the report submitted by them was validated and finalized by the
Advisory Committee constituted by the Government for the purpose.
Subsequently, the Mission Director (MGNREGS) as per the letter read as 3rd
paper above requested for Government approval to the finalized report.
2. Government have examined the matter in detail and are pleased to approve
the Report of the Work, Time & Motion study for the Mahatma Gandhi
NREGA (Kerala) appended with this Order.
(By order of the Governor)
HARILAL.T.N.
UNDER SECRETARY
To: 1.Mission Director(MGNREGS),Thiruvananthapuram
2.Commissioner for Rural Development,Thiruvananthapuram
3.Principal Accountant General (Audit),Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram
File No.LSGD-DD2/140/2018-LSGD
4. Web & New Media, I&PRD

5.Director, Information Kerala Mission
6.Stock file
Forwarded /By order
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by NISAM N
Date: 2020.06.05 11:05:11 IST
Reason: Approved
Section Officer
Work-Time-Motion Study of
Mahatma Gandhi NREGS

Kerala
Report 2020
(Read with report of August 2016)
CP
Kerala Institute of Local Administration
NIT-Calicut
LBC - Thiruvananthapuram
Maithri, Palakkad
1
SoR Schedule of Ratcs
NREGA National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2005
MGNREG Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
PWD Public Works Department
KILA Kerala Institute of Local Administration
NGO Non-Government Organization
ILO International Labour Organization
HUDCO Housing and Urban Devclopmcnt Corporation
NiT-C National Institute of Technology - Calicut
LBC Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies
LSGD Local Self Government Department
CRD Commissioner for Rural Development
CE Chief Engineer
FA
Contents
Introduction 5
Context of present report 6
Items of work 7
Ratios for each agro ecological zone 21
Annexure
a. Report of Phase 2
4
The Time motion study in Kerala is conducted in two phases. The first phase was
initiated in 2 6 and concluded by the submission of report on 29th November 2011. Kerala
Institute of 11 :al Administration organised the study with the technical support of Lal Bahadur
Sastri Centre r Science &Technology and Maithri, Palakkad. This study covered the four pilot
districts of N rNREGS - Wayanadu, Palakkad, Kasargode and Idukki. PLANET in Wayanadu
and Centre f Rural Management in Kottayam facilitated the studies in Wayanadu and Jdukki
districts rcsp y. The report of Phase I is already submitted.
The econd phase of Work Time motion study was started by signing of an
agreement ith Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA) with four partners
- Housing a [Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), National Institute of Technology -
Calicut (Nf C), Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies, Thiruvananthapuram (LBC) and
16th August 2016 combining
Maithri, Pali ad on 25'September 2010. A report was submitted on
the results ofiboth the phases.
How, ver, the above report was containing the requirements of MGNREGS until 2012,
but the scof e and potential of the scheme had gone substantial changes since. In 2017-18,
Government of India asked all State Governments to conduct Time and Motion study and came
up with a ter iplate to do that as well.
it
The tems contained in this template is different from that of Phase 2 report. So, the
concerned encies went back to the basic data, reviewed it on the basis of the above template and
came up h this report. Meetings and workshops were held at Commissionerate for Rural
t. HUDCO, Thiruvananthapuram and Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies since
19111 N er 2019 to develop the data for this report
9
it
5
2. Context of present report
items covered
Not all items - 112 - of the new template is not covered in this report, this report provides data
for 65 of the items. As explained earlier, data for these items were derived from the studies
conducted in earlier phases. It is felt that most of the works envisaged under MGNREGS in state
will be covered by this and the shortcomings can be addressed as and when the need emerges.
Agc, gender. differently abled specific data
In all cases, in studies and actual instances, a predictive mix of women, sprinkled with few elderly
men is the usual combination of a labour group involved MGNREGS in the state. There are no
labour groups consisting of exclusively women, or elderly or differently abled. So, the data, is for
the predictive mix of labours usual in the state.
Another remarkable experience is the warmth and support extended to the elderly or
differently abled or disadvantaged persons in a labour group by the majority - consisting of able-
bodied persons in MGNREGS works. They were treated with compassion by the majority. This
wonderful experience of social justice and camaraderie is the strength of the society. It is felt that
the group specific data, artificial in this context, may do more damage than good in the long run.
Wisdom of the wise
Another interesting learning came from other studies is about the reasons for this behaviour. It
was ascertained that the majority of able-bodied persons is not having sound experience is tackling
myriad number of issues and circumstances being encountered in the routine execution of
MGNREGS works in all instances. In most of the instances the elderly, even though they are
physical less capable, is leading the work site with their experience gathered from the yesteryears
and the key to successful execution in many cases, especially when the going is getting difficult.
So, separate grouping of the elderly may create more harm than good and hence not attempted
here.
Seasonality of works
All works, except usual construction activities, are having season specific - Monsoon and Summer
data. But for the construction, the output seldom changes with these seasons due to two simple
factors. If there is rain, then the work will be suspended automatically, the workers will not turn
up for work during rainy days. For the summer, the working hours will be regulated - starting at
early morning, longer afternoon break and ending by late evening - mainly to reduce the stress of
working during the hottest hours of the day. This generally maintains the output of the workers
during summer.
Unit of Rate Per No of unskilled
No. Des ription of Item measurement unit labour per unit
A Ear iwork
Earth work in excavation by manual means exceeding 1.5 m
I in v Ith, taking out the excavated soil and disposal as directed
byl' igineer in charge
1.1 Ord nary Soil
- Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 m cum 147.97 0.55
0.14
Extra for every additional 10m lead or part thereof cum 37.94
Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof cum 12.52 0.05
1.2 Hat [Soil
Lead upto 10 m and lift upto 0.75 m cum 221.95 0.82
ii - Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 41.73 0.15
iii - Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof cum 13.77 0.05
1.3 Soft Disintegrated Rock (SDR)
j - Lead upto 10m and lift upto 0.75 in cum 1 325.53 1.20
ii Extra for every additional 10m lead or part thereof cum 45.53 0.17
Eardi work in rough excavation, banking excavated earth in

layets not exceeding 20 cm in depth, breaking clods (5 cm to 7
cm ze) watering, compacting each layer with wooden or steel
raminets and dressing up in embankment for construction of
roads, flood banks, marginal banks, h=guide banks or filling
2
up ground depressions including removal of small
ston s/pebbles, shrubs, watering (rolling with power roller to
be c ne seperately where ever required). (For
pon s/dam/roads/canal/channel/water retaining
stru tures/tanks etc)
2.1 Ordinary Soil

- Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 in cum 185.91 0.69
ii - Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 27.24 0.10
iii I Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof cum 8.99 0.03
2.2 Ha I Soil
- Lead upto 10 m and lift upto 0.75 in cum 278.86 1.03
ii - Extra for every additional lOm lead or part thereof corn 29.96 0.11
iii - Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof
Sof Disintegrated Rock (SDR)
cum 9.89 0.04
2.3
- Lead upto 10 m and lift upto 0.75 in cum 408.99 1.51
ii I-
-
Extra for every additional lOm lead or part thereof cum 32.69
10.79
0.12
0.04
iii I Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof corn
Bar ing available/excavated earth in layers not exceeding 20
cm depth, breaking clods (5cm to 7 cm), watering,
corr )acting each layer with wooden or steel raminers and
3 dres sing up, in embankrnents for roads, flood banks, marginal
ban s and guide banks etc as directed by Engineer-in-charge
(roll ng with power roller to be done separately wherever
req red).
3.1 Ordinary Soil
- Lead upto iü in and lift upto 0.75 m cum
cum
108.13
27.64
0.40
0.10
Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof
iii - Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof corn 9.12 0.03
LI
o. Description of item labour per unit
measurement unit
3.2 Hard Soil
Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 in cum 162.19 0.60
ii Extra for every additional lOm lead or part thereof cum 30.41 0.11
Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 m cum 237.88 0.88
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 33.17 0.12
Excavation of work by manual means in foundation trenches

or drains (not exceeding 1.5 in in width) including dressing of
sides and ramming of bottoms and getting out the excavated
soil and disposal of surplus excavated soil as directed
4.1 Lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m

Ordinary soil cum 205.42 0.76
ii Hard Soil cum 308.13 1.14
iii Soft Disintegrated Rock (SDR) cum 451.92 1.67
4.2 Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof
ii Hard Soil corn 566.39 2.09
Soft Disintegrated Rock (SDR) cum 617.88 2.28
Earth work in surface excavation not exceeding 30 cm in
depth but exceeding 1.5 meter in width as well as 10 Sqm on
5 plan including getting out and disposal of excavated earth as
directed by Engineer-in-charge (disposed earth to be neatly
dressed and levelled).
5.1 10rdinary Soil
Lead upto 10 m and lift upto 0.75 m sm 93.01 0.34
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof sm 24.39 0.09
5.2 Hard Soil
Lead upto 10 m and lift upto 0.75 in scm 1 139.51 0.51
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof sgm 36.59 0.14
Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 m sgm 204.62 0.76
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof sgm 53.66 0.20
Less output for work executed in or under water or in foul
6 condition (over the main item concerned is allowed on cum 36.86 0.14
account of slow progress of works)
Filling excavated earth (excluding rock)/moorum in trenches,

plintL,..i des of foundations etc, in layers not exceeding 20 cm
7 . . cum lO 5.69 0.39
in depth, consolidating each deposited layer by means of
ramming and watering, lead up to 50 in and lift upto 1.5 in
Surface dressing and land levelling of the ground including

removing vegetation and undulations not exceeding 0.15 in
8 - . sqin b-9.3D- 0.59
deep and disposal of rubbish, lead upto DO m and lift upto 1.5
in
9 Layout/Dag being 7.5 to 10 cm deep metre 2.21 0.01

No. Descrilltion of item measurement unit labour per unit
Excava ion of puddle trench for earthen embankment to

10 proper 3ide slopes and bed grade including shoring wherever
necessary dressing (FOR EARTHERN DAM)
10.1 Ordin: ry Soil
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 101.63 0.38
Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof cum 33.54 1 0.12
10.2 Hard oil
- Lead upto lOm and lift upto 0.75m cum 558.94 2.06
0.41
ii Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 111.79
10.3 ISoft D sintegrated Rock (SDR)
ii
iii
-
I
I
Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 in
Extra for every additional lUm lead or part thereof
I Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof
cum
cum
cum
819.78
121.95
40.24
3.03
0.45
0.15
Puddlt filling of good clay (cohesive soil) including lead upto

11 50 in ii icluding mixing watering and kneecling by tamping cum 157.45 0.58
rammi g and laying etc (FOR EARTHERN DAM)
Earth rork for well excavation including disposal of

12 excava ed soil, disposed soil to be levelled and neatly dressed
as per iirection of Engineer-in-charge.
12.1 j Soft S ii
ii I for every 0.50 in after 1.5 in initial depth upto 6.0 in cum 18.97 0.07
L
iii I Leiss for every 0.50 in after 6.0 in initial depth upto 10.5 in cum 21.68 0.08
iv I Les for every 0.50 in after 10.5 in initial depth upto 15.0 in cum 24.39 0.09
12.2 Hard oil
I ess for every 0.50 in after 1.5 in initial depth upto 6.0 in cum 18.97 0.07
I L ss for every 0.50 in after 6.0 in initial depth upto 10.5 in cum 21.68 0.08
iv I Ln for every 0.50 in after 10.5 in initial depth upto 15.0 in cum 24.39 0.09
12.3 ISoft I isintegrated Rock (SDR)
i Leadupto 50 in and lift upto 1.5 in cum
cum
317.07
18.97
1.17
0.07
ii Less f r every 0.50 in after 1.5 in initial depth upto 6.0 in
iii Less I r every 0.50 in after 6.0 in initial depth upto 10.5 in cum 21.68 0.08
iv Lesst r every 0.50 in after 10.5 in initial depth upto 15.0 in cum 24.39 0.09
12.4 Hard rock requiring chiseffing (where blasting is
Lead pto 50 in and lift upto 1.5 in cum 149.05 0.55
Less I r every 0.50 in after 1.5 in initial depth upto 6.0 in cum 18.97 0.07
Less I r every 0.50 in after 6.0 in initial depth upto 10.5 in curn 21.68 0.08
J..essl r every 0.50 in after 10.5 in initial depth upto 15.0 m cum 24.39 0.09
sal and stacking of blasted material in excavati on
P Lead pto 50 in and lift upto 1.5 in curn
cum
ii Less r every 0.50 in after 1.5 in initial depth upto 6.0 in Not Applicable
iii Less: r every 0.50 in after 6.0 in initial depth upto 10.5
iv Less: jr every 0.50 in after 10.5 in initial depth upto 15.0 in corn
4, 1
"I
No. Description of Item measurement unit labour per unit
Watercourses/channels
Earthwork in embankment in dry or moist soil including
laying in layers of 15 cm, breaking of clods, dressing to
13
required profile with manual compaction to attain a minimm
cum
-
1OD.69 0.39
of 859/6 of proctor density with lead upto 50 in and lift upto
1.5 in including watering and compaction with rammers. (by
shifting soil manually from reverse grade, higher patches etc)
Excavation in loose soil/silt/pebbles and river boulders etc.
dry or moist including dressing and disposal of excavated
14 cum 94.85 0.35
material with lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m and putting it
- in the banks of the watercourse including compaction.
Dressing of uneven ebankments in required profile of the
15 sqm 84.31 0.31
water courses.
Laying sand in required profile for lead upto 50 in and lift
16 cum 119.24 0.44
upto 1.5 in
Cutting and clearance of bushes, shrubs ankara/ipomoca, julie
17 flora typha etc on canals, water courses, bunds in
dry/moist/slushy conditions including disposal
i Less than 50% coverage area sgm 9.84 0.04
ii More than 50% coverage area sqin 19.67 0.07
Re-handling of excavated rnateriial including loading,
18 unloading, dressing and watering for work in watercourses,
channels etc.
ii Extra for every additional lOm lead or part thereof cum 70.05 0.26
Unit of Rate Per No of
No. Descri non of item measure unit unskilled
B Desil nglcleaning works
Desilti ig of small earthen channels, water bodies, ponds,
I canals, check darns, MI tanks etc by removal of dry silt and
dispos 1-
Lead upto 10 in and lift upto 0.75 in curn 94.85 0.35
Extra for every additional lOin lead or part thereof cum 24.39 0.09
ii
Desit 'g of small earthen channels, water bodies, ponds,

2 canals check dams, Ml tanks etc by removal of saturated silt
der water) and disposal-
-
I (not I
ii -
-
Extra for every additional lOm lead or part thereof
Extra for every additional 0.75m lift or part thereof
cum
cum
35.23
10.84
0.13
0.04
iii
C I Road Work
Feffing trees of the girth (measured at a height of I in above
Not
groun I level), including cuttuig of trunks and branches, each
1 Applicable
rcnio ng the roots and stacking of serviceable material and
dist: al of unserviceable material
iii
Girth above 150 mm to 300 mm
Girth above 301 mm to 600 mm
each
each
iii Girth above 601 mm to 900 mm each
iv Girth above 901 mm to 1500 mm each
v Girth hove 1501 mm to 2100mm each
vi Girth above 2101 mm to 2700mm each
Clearing jungle including uprooting rank vegetation, grass,

brush wood, bushes, shrubs, saplings and trees of girth upto 30
cm m asured at a height of 1 m above ground level and
removal of stumps of such trees cut earlier, removal of rubbish sqm 13.55 0.05
2
upto I distance of 50 m outside the periphery of the area
deane I and stacking of serviceable material to be used or
auctic ned.
Clear ig of grass and removal of the rubbish upto a distance of qm 5.42 0 02

50 in utside the periphery of the area cleared
Earti york in filling for construction of road embankment from

borr v pits with a lead upto 50 in and lift upto 1.5 in,
4 sprea ing, grading, laying in 20 m layers to required slope and
canib r, compacting with hand rammer complete as directed
(rolli g with road roller to be done where ever required)
-
- Ordinary soil
1-lard soil
cum
cum
105.69
159.89
0.39
0.59
Soft disintegrated Rock (SDR) cum 233.06 0.86
Sprc: ling of moorum/kankar/shingle/gravel/ red bajni and
- level rig to gradient and required camber including dressing
sqin 29.81 0.11
Corn acting each layer of 15 cm thickness in sqm

6
GSB \VBM/earth/moorum/kankar/ shingle/gravel/red bajri
\Witl hand stone, wooden or steel rammers and dressing up for
--
sqm 16.26 0.06
construction of earthen roads/pathways as directed
Rolling with power roller where ever required sqm 10.84 0.04
11
C
-
Unit of Rate Per NC) of
No. Description of item
measure unit unskilled
Earthwork in rough excavation involving an average horizontal
throw of 2 m and average lift upto 0.5 in, banking excavated
earth in layers not exceeding 20 cm in depth, breaking clods (5
7 cm to 7 cm) \vtering, compacting each layer with hand stone, cum 476.96 1.76
wooden or steel rammers and dressing up for construction of
earthen roads/pathways as directed (rolling with power roller to
be done seperately where ever required)
Earth cutting (box cutting) in road embankment, removing the

spoils, spreading over the shoulder, watering, compaction and
8
dressing sub-grade to correct camber and grade (for
widening/extension/upgradation of roads)
Depth of cutting upto 15cm sqm 113.82 0.42
ii Depth of cutting beyond 15 cm upto 25 cm sqm 113.82 0.42
iii Depth of cutting beyond 25 cm upto 30cm sqm 113.82 0.42
Earth work in excavation (hill side cutting) by manual means
and disposal of excavated earth upto lead of 50 m
ii Hard soil cum 298.10 1.10
Soft Disintegrated Rock (SDR) cum 436.31 1.61
iv Hard rock (requiring chiselling where blasting is prohibited) cum
Construction of gravel/soil aggregate sub-base/base by
providing well graded material of nominal size grading 80 mm
as per Table 2.3 of IRC SP 77-2008, spreading in uniform layers
appropriate grading arrangements on prepared surface,
10 watering and compaction with 8-10 ton power roller to achieve cum 476.96 1.76
the desired density and camber complete as per specifications
contained in Pars 2.2,3.6 and 3.7 of IRC SP 77-2008 (Onlv
unskilled labour component to be measured, materials and
- machinery will be supplied separatel))
Laying precast cement concrete interlocking paver block/tiles

&
of approved size, design shape, laid in required colour and S
11 pattern over and including 50 mm thick compacted bed of
coarses sand, filling the joints with fine sand etc all complete as
sqm 10.84 0.04
I
per the direction of Engineer-in-charge
:
Cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement: 2 coarse sand 4 graded
4
stone aggregate 40 mm nominal size) in pavements, laid to
12 '.im 1666.65 6.15
required slope and camber in panels as required including
consolidation finishing and tamping complete
13 Laying kharanja in pathways, roads

o
Laying brick on edge kharanja in desired comber and slope and
i in any bond, spreading and consolidation of binding materials sqm 5.36
moorum or earth etc. as per directions of Engineer-in-charge.
Laying hard stone kharanja of thickness not less than 22.5 cm

ii in desired camber and slope with cement mortar of specified sqm 18.42
- grade as per directions of Engineer-in-charge
12 '
40
Unit of Rate per No of
No. Desclipnonofitem measure unit unskilled
Laying 40 mm thick rubbed stone flooring (stone tile kharanja)

over ZO mm (average) thick base of cement mortar 1:5 (1
iii ceme at: 5 coarse sand), incuding pointing with cement mortar sqm 0.81
1:2) 1 cement: 2 stone dust) admixed with pigment of match
the slkade of stone (stone tiles of desired specifications)
Making V shaped drain in hill roads or in cutting with dry
14 boul ers including placing powdered earth in the surface and metre
- inside the drain properly graded
D Soci 1 Forestry and Horticultrire Works

Surv y, alignment and demarcation of plantation area and pits
I including inspection strips as per directions of Engineer-in- hactarc
chare
9
1
Surv y, alignment and demarcation of road side/avenue
-
2
plant tion and pits as per directions
kilometre
Clea ng & cutting bushes in plantation area/sites just before hactre 65582 47
start f plantation
Gras sodding/furfing on both sides of drains, embankment

slop and shoulder including collection of sods'
- Sods obtained within a lead of 30m sgm 2260.14 8.34

ii - Sods obtained within a lead beyond 30m sgm 2512.17 9.27
5 Con ruction of safely trench
•
1
1.2 in wide in upper side, 0.8 in wide in bottom and 1.0 in metre 205.96 0.76
depth
1.5 in wide in upper side, 0.7 in wide in bottom and 0.9 in 0.75
ii metre 203.25
depth
Digj ig of ditch cumbund 1.5 mX 0.9 mX 1.2 indimension

6 and Laking hump by using excavated soil (cattle proof trench
(CF H
ii - I-lard soil euro 501.35 1.85
in - Soft Disintegrated Rock (SDR) cum 734.41 2.71
Dig g of pits for plants in all types of soils including removal
of st nes etc--
VA 71 Ord ary soil
0.3 niX 0.3 mX 0.3 in each 67.75 0.25
- 0.45 in X 0.45 in X 0.45 in each 224.93 0.83

0.6 mX 0.6 mX 0.6 in each 531.16 1.96
L. -
0.9 in X 0.9 in X 0.9 in each 1796.73 6.63
7.2 I1ar soil
- 0.3 in X 0.3 in X 0.3 in each 78.59 0.29
0.45 in X 0.45 rnX 0.45 in each 262.87 0.97
0.6 in X 0.6 rnX 0.6 in each 620.59 2.29
p iv - 0.9 in X 0.9 in X 0.9 in each 2097.54 7.74
7.3 Soft lisintegrated rock (SDR)
- 0.3 inX 0.3 rnX 0.3 in each 111.11 0.41
0.45 in X 0.45 in X 0.45 in each 373.98 1.38
- 0.6 in X 0.6 inX 0.6 in each 886.17 3.27
iv - 0.9 in X 0.9 in X 0.9 in each 2994.55 11.05
I 13
- .
No. Descrip on of item measure unit unskilled
Planting, manuring, earth filling, application of insecticides,
preparation of thawla i.e. suacer pit/ring basin, sticking for
8
support of plant where ever required and watering at least 15
litre of water per plant after plantation
0.3 mX 0.3 mX 0.3 m each 32.52 0.12
ii 0.45 m X 0.45 mX 0.45 m each 46.07 0.17
iii 0.6 mX 0.6 mX 0.6 rn each 70.46 0.26
iv 0.9mX0.9mX0.9m each 176.15 0.65
Bio fencing by preparation of plant cuttings of length 1.5 m,
planting in pits of 0.3 m depth and upto 0.075 m diameter at a
9 spacing of 0.3 m, forming of bund of 0.3 m base width and 0.2 metre 46.07 0.17
m height, bracing and horizontal ties at two levels using plant
cuttings, tied with coir
Fixing tree guard of size of 1 m dia and 1.5 m height for
10 plantation including collection/transportation and fixing at site each 48.78 0.18
- with locally available wood/materials
11 Fixing of pre-fabricated tree guard for plantation at site each 48.78 0.18
Erection of live hedge/brush wood fencing around plantation
&
12 site including collection carriage of fencing materials upto metre 51.49 0.19
site
Gap filling/vacancy filling/casualties replacement including
13 excavation, refilling soil, application of 15 litre water, farm yard 100 nos.
manure and insecticides
0.3 m X 0.3 m X 0.3 m each 5.42 0.02
ii 0.45 in X 0.45 m X 0.45 m each 18.97 0.07
0.6 in X 0.6 mX 0.6 m each 43.36 0.16
iv 0.9mX0.9mX0.9m each 149.05 0.55
Watering to the plants in block plantation by bringing water
14
from available water source located-
i Within a distance of 25 in 100 nos.
ii Beyond a distance of 25 in 100 nos.
Watering to the plants in linear plantation by bringing water
15
from available water source located -
I Within a distance of 25 m 100 nos.
ii Beyond a distance of 25 in 100 nos.
C F.
16 Weeding, cleaning and mulching with application of fertilizer
i lsttime 100 nos.
ii 2nd time 100 nos.
iii 3rd time 100 nos.
Loading and unloading poly bags container plants in private

17 100 flOSS
vehicles/departmental vehicles (excluding h charges vehicles)
Transportating of polythene container seedings by head loads

18 to the places where the approach roads are not available to take 100 nos.
vehicle to plantation area
19 Internal distribution of seedlings in the plantation area 100 nos.
Planting grass roots (i.e. vetiver grass etc) under trenches at a

20 distance of 40cm vertically and 1/.0 to 2.5 in horizontally as 100 nos.
per directions of the Engineer-in-charge
C
p
No. Descliption of item measure unit unskilled
Fillij with bio-manure/fertilizer in roots of grass roots (i.e.
21 vetiv r grass etc) in layers not exceeding 15 cm including 100 nos.
wate: rig and ramming etc.
Ring cutting, mixing of soil, cutting of polythene bag, layering,
detac iing layered portion, fulling and mixing of soil, filling pot 1000 i-i
p and F lanting for vegetal propagation like lemon, guava, bay leaf
etc.
E Nut ery raising

Prepiration of nursery by clearing and levelling the site
(including space between beds) for forming 10 standard beds of each
j lOir X1.2msize
Forr ation of 10 nos. of germination/nursery beds including
digg' ag of soil 30 cm deep, cleaning of debris of dug out soil,
aIIm ng the soil for weathering, breaking of clods, mixing each
sand good earth and bio-manure in 1:3 proportion (1 bio-
manure: 3 sand/soil) of size 10 mX 1.2 m and raising the
bunc.s as per direction.
U Re-f rmation of 10 nos. of old germination/nursery beds
including digging of soil 30 cm deep, cleaning of debris of dug
out oil, allowing the soil for weathering, breaking of clods, each
mix' g sand/good earth and supplementing bio-manure as per
dire tion in the bed of size 10 mX 1.2 m and mending the
rais [ bunds
So ig of treated seeds in mother beds of size 10 m X 1.2 in as 10 nos.
4 .
per Lrections
\Vat ring the germination beds twice daily with the rose 10
can sprinider
I
\Vat ring the germination beds once daily with the rose 10 nos.
6
can sprinkler
Pre aration of soil mixture by breaking clods, sieving and
mix ug with fertile earth (including red soil, silt and sand etc
acc rding to requirements) and bio-manure at the ratio 3:1
7 100 nos.
hea ing at the filling site and fillingin polythene bags and
arri uging bags in beds (excluding the cost of earth, farmyard
9
Pm
in
t ng out seedlings from mother bed and transplanting them
y bags
Dii )hing/sowlng of seeds in polybags
100 nos
100 nos.
Wa ering th'edlings in poly bags once daily with the rose 100 nos
10
can sprinkler
Wa cuing the seedlings in poly bags on alternate days with the 100
11
ros can/spinkler
12 Fo, ning of brush wood/appropriate fencing around nursery metre 0.17
Shi ting the poiy bags containing seedlings, weeding, grading etc 100 ri
13
an replacement of easualitics within nursery
15
I
No. Descripon of item Unit of Rate Per No of

measure unit unskilled
14 Spraying of insecticides on plants when required / 20,000 nos.
15 Grading and shifting of seedlings (3 times) 100 nos.
Preparing root/shoot cuttings of teak, semal, sheesharn etc.
16 100
including of plants, making and baU plants (complete work)
17 Shifting of ball plants _________
i After 6 months 100 nos.
ii After 12 months 100 nos.
18 Preparing branch cuttings of poplar, mulberry, pipal, bargad, 100
gular, salix etc. and planting in beds
Making thatch covers for protection of plants from heat/frost

19 excluding cost and cartage of thatch grass for bed of size 10 rn each
X 1.2 m
Unit of measure Rate Per unit No of unskilled
No. -- Description of item ment labour per unit
F Masonry, concrete and miscellaneous items

Filli g in plinth with sand under floors, including
cum 105.69 0.39
1 wat ring, ramming, consolidating and dressing
con )Iete
Extj action and stacking of construction materials from
2
nail i/river beds
Bajri/coarse aggregate cum 785.9 2.90
Fine sand/coarse sand cum 785.9 2.90
ii
Stones/boulders cum 785.9 2.90
Bre king of stone materials including stacking
3 (me surement of stacks should give due allowance for
sin1 ge or shrinkage)
3.1 Bri /Jhama 80-1 00 mm size cum
3.2 T-otldcr and local stone
80-100 mm size cum
p 25 mm and less size cum

Col.ecting local stones/boulders from surface or
p 4 dig ing into ground at quarry and breaking upto8O-100
mm size and stacking upto
- Lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5m cum
iii - Less output for every additional 25 m lead or part cum
Ro k cutting by hammer and chisel in hilly areas of size
5 no less than 30 to 50 cm and weight 30-40 kg and
stacking to a distance
p - Lead upto 50 in and lift upto 1.5m cum 2002.69
300.81
7.39
1.11
Less output for every additional 25 m lead or part cum
p iii
Ca riage of construction materials from a nearby
6 qu rry/road point/riverbed on head load upto 50 rn
lea
a St nes, stone chips, sand
- Lead upto 50 in cum 195.12 0.72
ii - Additional lead of 50 m beyond initial lead of 50 in cum 43.36 0.16
b Br cks
Lead upto 50 in 1000 nos. 365.85 1.35
ii - Additional lead of 50 m beyond initial lead of 50 in 1000 nos. 78.59 0.29
c C nent
- Lead upto 50 m 20 bags/tonne 113.82 0.42
ii - Additional lead of 50 in beyond initial lead of 50 in 20 bags/tonne 16.26 0.06
Rc inforcement steel bars/structural steel
d
Lead upto 50 in quintal/IOO kg . 24.39 0.09
ii - Additional lead of 50 in beyond initial lead of 50 in quintal/IOO kg 2.71 0.01
7 .
L ading of stone, gravel, sand, limestone, murram,
d iris or wood in a vehicle
cum
U loading of stone, gravel, sand, limestone, niurram, cum

8
d bris or wood from a vehicle
IP: :oviding and laying soling by bricks/brick bats/stones
i4luding watering, ramming and compaction including sqm 1452.56 5.36
9
c4mpaction of bottom surface
17
No. Description of Item Unit of measure Rate Per unit No of unskilled
ment labour per unit
Providing and laying in position cement concrete of
10 specified grade excluding the cost of centering and
shuttering but including compaction - All work up to
plinth level
By concrete mixer cum 1666.65 6.15

ii Bynianual mixing cum 2750.65 10.15
Random rubble masonry with hard stone in foundation
and plinth upto plinth level including levelling up with
11 cement concrete 1:6:12 (1 cement: 6 coarse sand : 12
graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) upto cum 1531.15 5.65
plinth level with : Cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement: 6
coarse sand)
Random rubble masonry with hard stone in

superstructure (upto 4 m height) above plinth,
12 including levelling with cement concrete 1:6:12 (1
cement: 6 coarse sand : 12 graded stone aggregate 20 cum 2612.44 9.64
mm nominal size) with: Cement mortar 1:6
(1 cement: 6 coarse sand)
Dry random rubble stone masonry/uncoursed rubble

stone masonry laid in breast walls, gabions, retaining
13 walls well bonded faced with selected stones and built
with through/bond Stones evenly placed at the rate of
minimum two per sqm
Lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 in cum 1609.74 5.94

Less output for every additional 25 m lead or part
cum 241.19 0.89
thereo
Less output for every additional 1.5 m lift or part
us cum
thereoi 10.84 0.04
14 I-land packed dry stone filling in the back of walls cum
Laying of dry stone pitching of average 22.5 cm
thickiiess including dressing on the slope of
iS sqrn
embankments of farm ponds, ?vll tanks etc and as per
directions
Laying and fixing of geotextilcs for grassing on cleaned

16 and even slopes for planting grass using metal nails or 100 sqm
wooden/bamboo pegs at an interval of 0.3 m to 0.75 m
Brick work with common burnt clay F.P.S. (non

17 modular) bricks of specified class designation in
foundation and plinth in specified grade (all grades) of cum 1270.99 4.69
cement mortar.
Brick work with common burnt clay F.P.S. (non
modular) bricks of specified class designation in
18
superstructure i n specified grade (all grades) of cement corn 2384.8 8.8
mortar
18 el
C
Unit of measure Rate Per unit No of unskilled
No. Description of item labour per unit
ment
Bf k work 7.5 cm thick (brick on edge) with common

bu lit clay F.P.S. (non modular) brick of specified class cum 2544.69 9.39
19
de gnatlon in specified cement mortar in
sul erstructure (upto 4 in height) above plinth level
Half brick masonry with common burnt clay F.P.S.

(ri(ii modular) bricks of specified class designation in 300.81 1.11
20 sqm
su erstnicturc (upto 4 m height) i n specified cement
mc rtar
Hc ney-comb brick work 10/11.4cm thick with
coi imon burnt clay bricks of specified class 333.33 1.23
21 V
sqm
de ignatlon in super structure above phnth level (upto
4 r iheight) with specified cement mortar
Br ck on edge flooring with bricks of class designation
7., on a bed of 12 mm cement mortar, including filling sqm 178.86 0.66
22
th joints with same mortar, with common burnt clay
no i modular bricks: (pathways etc)
Pr paration of cement mortar of any specified grade -

23 cum 85.36 2.16
fol miscellaneous works as directed at site
Pr viding and laying in position cement concrete of
24 sp cified grade excluding the cost of centering and cum 1666.65 6.15
sh ttering - All work up to p]inth level (RCC)
L ring cement concrete in retaining walls, return walls,
w Is (any thickness) including attached pilasters,
co umns, piers, abutments, pillars, posts, struts,
25 buttresses, string or lacing courses, parapets, coping, cum 2059.6 7.6
b I blocks, anchor blocks, plain window sills, fillets,
si iken floor etc., (upto 4 m height) excluding the cost
oi centering, shuttering and finishing: (RCC)
26 B ulder filling in plum cement concrete work cum
p C ristruction of gabion (including retaining

w [Is/aprons) with woven wire mesh of dia 2.7 mm/3
ir a/3.7 mm and mesh type 10 cmX 12cm or
specified including collection of stones/rock and
pl cing in the gabion box after filling the stones/rock cum
27
ai I lacing with adjacent boxes with lacing wire of dia
21 mm/3.2 mm. The complete work shall be executed
as per detailed specifications, dimensions and lines
shown on the plans as per directions of the Engineer-in
c]arge)
28 C ment plaster of specified mix
6 mm to 8 mm sqm 124.66 0.46
8 mm to 12 mm sqm 127.37 0.47
12 mm to 15 mm on the rough side of single or half 0.53
in . sqm 143.63
brick wall
iv 20 mm sqm 165.31 0.61
Sinall stone (size more than 40 mm) bunding including
29 c llection from the local site and placing in the bunds cum
Illy
19
LT nit ofmeasure Rate Per unit No of unskilled
No. Description of item
merit labour pr unit
Reinforcement for reinforced concrete work in all sorts

of structure including distribution bars, 'stirrups,
binders etc. including initial straightening and removal
30 of loose rust cutting to requisite length, hooking and quintal/ 100 kg 715.44 2.64
binding to correct shape, placing in proper position
and binding with 16 gauge black annealed wire at every
intersection complete.
Labour for shuttering and centering and necessary

staging up to 4 m using appropriate stout prop and
thick hard wood plants of approved thickness with
31 . . . . . . sqm 317.07 1.17
required bracing including fitting, fixing and striking
out after completion of works (up to roof of ground
floor) - For Roof Slab and cantilever
Production of mud blocks, fly-ash bricks, CSEB,

reinforced mud blocks, clay bricks, hollow bricks, CC
32 1000 nos.
interlocking tiles with local]), available materials. (TMS
may be done for specified material as per requirement)
Random rubble masonry with mud blocks in

33 foundation and plinth including levelling UI) with mud cum
mortar (For J&K [Ladakh arca]/other hilly states)
Random rubble masonry with mud blocks in

superstructure (upto 4 m above plinth level) including
34 cum
levelling up with mud mortar (for J&K [Ladakh
arca]/other hilly states)
Applying 20 mm thick mud mortar plaster (mixing with

3 5 local admixtures like local dry grass/husk as required)
on external/internal walls (For J&K [Ladakh qm
area]/other hilly states)
Placing of wooden baffles, planking with local materials
and laying of polethene sheet (supplied by the
36 department) and placing mud layer of specified sqn-i
thickness for roofing (J&K [Ladakh area]/other hilly
states)
Construction coolic-walling with dry stone with locally
available stone within 50 in lead for fencing of
37 cum
plantation works and roadside safely purpose
(Uttarakhand/other hilly states)
p
Malappuram
p Item Cod
Central
Midland
Chittoor Black
soil
C oastal sands'
- High ranges kuttanad
type
M I
p Al
MS
0.82 1.47
M
0.92
S
1.38
M
0.75
S
1.23
M
0.76
S
1.01
M
0.79
S
0.87 0.89
S
1.6
1.3 1.4 1.34 1.67 1.66 1.74 0.57 0.6 0.49 0.52 0.83 1.05
A2
A3 1.18 1.29 0.96 1.06 0.77 0.85 0,96 1.06 1.11 1.22 1.03 1.13
1.28 1.5 0.881 1.07 0.731 0.9 1.041 1.14 1.261 1.38 1.27 1.54
A4
1.02 1.1 0.821 1.18 1.01 1.1 0.931 1.23 0.8 1.06 0.951 1.37
A5
1.02 1.1 0.82 1.18 1.01 1.1 0.93 1.23 0.8 1.06 0.95 1.37
A6
.A7 1.18 1.29 0.96 1.06 0.77 0.85 0.96 1.06 1.11 1.22 1.03 1.13
1.3 1.4 1.34 1.67 1.66 1.74 0.57 0.6 0.49 0.52 0.83 1.05
A2
1.02 1.10 0.82 1.18 1.01 1.10 0.93 1.23 0.801 1.06 0.95 1.37
A9
AlO 1.09 1.24 1.02 1.16 0.91 1.04 0.85 1.19 0,73 1.18 1.18 1.35
0.98 1.13 1.12 1.25 1.75 1.85 0.41 0.95 0.35 0.81 0.8 1.1
All
1.05 1.13 0.94 1,17 0.86 1.19 0.92 0.95 0.79 0.82 0.88 1.21
Al2
A13 - 0.8 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.2 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
A14 - 0.8 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.2 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
A15 - 1.00 L33 0.82 1.09 0.76 1.01 1.10 1.45 1.03 1.36 1.05 1.39
A16 - 0.87 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.87 1.14 1.19 1.49 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
A17 - 0.92 1.02 1.011 1.09 0.91 0.93 0.961 1.13 0.91 0.98 0.85 1.09
A18 - 1.18 1.29 0.961 1.06 0.771 0.85 0.961 1.06 1.11 1.22 1.03 1.13
BI - 0.80 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.20 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
0.80 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.20 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.341 04 1.25
B2
C2 - 0.96 1.07 1.06 1.14 0.86 0.89 1.00 1.19 0.86 1.021 0.89 1.14
C3 - 1.17 1.26 0.97 1.45 1.15 1.18 0.96 1.171 0.83 -1.011 0.78 0.9
C4 - 1.18 1.29 0.96 1.06 0.77 0.85 0.96 1.06 1.11 -1.22 1.03 1.13
C5 - 0.87 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.871 1.14 1.19 1.49 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
C6 - 087 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.871 1.14 1.19 1.49 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
C7 - 0,87 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.87 1.141 1.19 1.49 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
C8 0.87 1.42 1.051 129 0.87 1.14 1.19 1.491 1.03 1.281 0.93 1.09
C9 - 0.98 1.13 1.12 1.25 1.75 1.851 0.41 0.951 0.35 0.81 0.8 1.1
CIa - 0.87 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.87 1.14 1.19 1.49 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
Cli - 1.00 1.27 0.99 1.251 0.98 1.17 0.94 1.20 0.88 1.12 0.93 1.20
C12 - 1.01 1.261 1.00 1.25 0.98 1.17 0.94 1.21 0.88 1.13 0.93 1.18
C13 - 1.00 1.261 0.98 1.24 0.96 1.15 0.96 1.23 0.90 1.15 0.93 1.19
D3 - 0.92 1.021 1.01 109 0.9 0.931 0.96 1.131 0.91 0.981 0.85 1.09
- 0.80 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.201 0.96 1.421 0.91 1.341 0.84 1.25
D4
D5 - 1.28 1.5 0.881 1.07 0.73 0.9 1.04 1.14 1.26 1.38 1.27 1.54
D6 - 1.28 1.5 0.881 1.07 0.73 0.9 1.04 1.14 1.26 1.38 1.27 1.54
D7 - 1.28 1.5 0.88 1.07 0.73 0.9 1.04 1.14 1.26 1.38 1.27 1.54
D8 - 1.28 1.5 0.88 1.07 0.73 0.9 1.041 1.14 1.261 1.38 1.271 1.54
D9 - 0.80 1.19 0.92 1.371 0.81 1.20 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
D10 - 1.02 1.28 0.98 1.241 0.94 1.14 0.95 1.21 0.92 1.15 0.96 1.23
Dii - 1.02 1.281 0.98 1.23 0.95 1.13 0.95 1.21 0.93 1.16 0.96 1.22
D12 - 0.8 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.2 0.96 1.421 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
D13 - 1.28 1.50 0.88 1.07 0,73 0.901 1.041 1.14 1.26 1.38 1.27 1.54
0.8 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.2 0.96 1.42 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
E12
21
\orthcrn T'alakk-ad
\Ialavoratn Onattu kara Son 1I( vu mid
I u-rn (:(.>ck nudland Rcd loam
plaiiis hun I
M S M I S M S M S M S M S
Al 0.81 1.33 0.87 1.18 0.91 0.98 0.8 1.44 0.89 1.61 0.84 1.52
A2 0.86 1.111 0.79 1.59 1.1 1.15 1.52 1.9 1.52 1.9 0.78 0.99
A3 1.08 1.191 0.82 0.91 0.67 0.73 1.2 1.32 - 1.2 1.32 0.86 0.94
A4 0.85 1.011 0.76 1.131 0.63 0.82 0.95 1.18 0.96 1.2 0.81 0.98
A5 0.67 0.87 0.84 1.68 1.14 1.18086 1.23 0.89 1.15 0.75 1.25
A6 -0.67 0.87 0.84 1.68 1.14 1.18 0.86 1.23 0.89 1.15 0.75 1.25
A7 1.08 1.19 0.82 0.9 0.67 0.73 1.2 1.32 1.2 1.32 0.86 0.94
A2 0.86 1.11 0.79 1.59 1.1 1.15 1.52 1.9 1.52 1.9 0.78 0.99
A9 0.67 0.87 0.84 1.68 1.14 1.18 0.86 1.23 0.89 1.15 0.75 1.25
AlO 0.98 1.12 0.65 0.79 0.63 0.82 1.06 1.21 1.19 1.35 1.12 1.28
All 0.87 1.12 3.04 3.22 1.16 1.23 1.33 1.41 1.33 1.41 0.76 1.04
Al2 0.69 0.86 1.25 1.55 0.86 1.18 0.98 1.35 0.99 1.36 0.84 1.15
A13 0.74 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.2 0.821 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
A14 0.74 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.2 0.821 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
A15 0.92 1.22 0.70 0.93 0.67 0.89 1.02 1.36 1.0 1.36 0.73 0.97
A16 1.04 1.29 0.83 1.13 0.58 0.75 0.80 1.02 0.7 0.97 0.91 1.61
A17 0.89 1.15 1.15 1.28 0.93 0.96 0.96 1.34 0.91 1.06 0.88 1.03
A18 1.08 1.19 0.82 0.9 0.67 0.73 1.2 1.32 1.2 1.32 0.86 0.94
BI 0.74 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.20 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
B2 0.74 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.20 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
C2 0.94 1.20 2.30 3.22 0.57 0.59 1.01 1.40 0.87 1.12 0.84 1.08
C3 0.99 1.28 1.99 2.06 0.76 0.78 0.87 0.9 087 0.9 0.74 0.85
C4 1.08 1.191 0.82 0.9 0.67 0.73 1.2 1.32 1.2 1.32 0.86 0.94
C5 1.04 1.291 0.83 1.131 0.58 0.751 0.8 1.02 0.78 0.97 0.91 1.61
C6 1.04 1.291 0.83 1.131 0.58 0.75 0.8 1.02 0.78 0.971 0.91 1.61
C7 1.04 1.29 0.83 1.13 0.58 0.75 0.8 1.02 0.78 0.97 0.91 1.61
C8 1.04 1.29 0.83 1.13 0.58 0.75 0.8 1.021 0.78 0.97 0.91 1.61
C9 0.87 1.12 3.04 3.22 1.16 1.23 1.33 1.41 1.33 1.41 0.76 1.04
dO 1.04 1.29 0.83 1.13 058 0.75 0.8 1.02 0.78 0.97 0.91 1.61
Cli 0.90 1.141 1.08 1.44 0.80 0.99
0.951 1.27 0.99 1.24 0.85 1.22
C12 0.90 1.13 1.09 1.45 0.80 0.95 1.00 1.26 1.00 1.23 0.85 1.21
C13 0.90 1.14 1.10 1.45 0.79 0.94 0.98 1.24 0.98 1.21 0.85 1.22
D3 0.89 1.15 1.15 1.28 0.93 0.96 0.96 1.34 0.91 1.06 0.88 1.03
D4 0.74 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.20 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
D5 0.85 1.01 0.76 1.13 063 0.82 0.95 1.18 0.96 1.2 0.81 098
DC 0.85 1.01 0.76 1.13 0.63 0.82 0.95 1.18 0.96 1.2 0.81 0.98
D7 0.85 1.01 0.76 1.13 063 0.82 0.95 1.18 . 09 1.2 0.81 0.98
D8 0.85 1.01F 0.76 1.13 0.63 0.82 0.95 1.18 0.96 1.2 0.81 0.98
D9 0.74 1.091 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.20 0.82 - 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
D10 0.89 1.13 1.03 1.39 0.79 0.95 0.98 1.26 0.98 1.23 0.85 1.19
DII 0.89 1.12 1.04 1.40 0.79 0.95 0.98 1.25 0.98 1.22 0.85 1.19
D12 0.74 - 1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.2 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
D13 0.85 - 1.01 0.76 1.13 0.63 0.82 0.95 1.18 0.96 1.20 0.81 0.98
E12 0.74 1.09j 0.79 1.16 0.81j 1.2 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88 1.31
Work-Time-Motion Study of
Mahatma Gandhi NREGS

Kerala
Report 2016
/
Kerala Institute of Local Administration

HUDCO
NIT-Calicut
LBC - Thiruvananthapuram
Maithri, Palakkad
1
SoR Schedule of Ritcs
N RI G A Nttiomd Rutii Lmploymnt Guarantee Act2005
rvl(; NRFGS Mahatma C1andlti National Rural 1rnployment Guarantcc Scheme
1 WI) Public Works I)epartrncnt
ki I :\ kcrala Institute of I ocal Administration
N( YO '\on-(Jovernrnent Organization
Ii ( ) International Labour organization
II UI)C() I-lousing and Urban I)cvcloprnent Corporation
N I 1-C National Institute of lechnology - Calicut
I R( I aurie Baker Centre for I labi tat Studies
1.SGI) Jocal Self Government Department
(;Iu) Commissioner for Rural 1)cvclopment
(Th Chief [nginecr
too
Awk
Contents
1. Introductjo11
5
2. Context of present study
6
3. Methodology of the Study
7
4. Findings of present study
8
a. Items studied
b. Monsoon and summer

C. Agro ecological zones
d, Male Participation
Group organizatiot
Appropriate tools
Lift
Lead
Labour Banks
5. Using the data f 7rom sludy
10
6. Even N Con nec ted to pres(' iii s tu (1)'
11
7. Specificatjs
12
8. Items of work
29
9. Ratios for each agro ecological zone
30
10. List of Grama Panchay5 in each zone
I I.Anncxur
Data collection format

65
Govt orders and circulars
68
MoU for Phase 2
Paper presented at Tenth AIMS internatjomial

conference
c.
Map of Kcrala with agro ecological Zones
f. Phase I report.
4
1.
The Tilme motion study in Kerala is conducted in two phases. The first phase
was initiated in 2006 and concluded by the submission of report on 29th November
2011. Kera a Institute of Local Administration organised the study with the
technical suifport of Lal Bahadur Sastri Centre for Science &Technology and
Maithri, Palalkkad. This study covered the four pilot districts of MGNREGS -
Wayanadu, Plakkad, Kasargode and Idukki. PLANET in Wayanadu and Centre for
Rural ManaJement in Kottayam facilitated the studies in Wayanadu and Idukki
districts respctively. The report of Phase I is attached as Annexure 11.f
The cirrent phase of Work Time motion study was started by signing of an
agreement with Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA) with four partners
- Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), National Institute of Technology -
Calicut (NIT3I) , Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies, Thiruvananthapuram (JJ3C) and
Maithri, Palaklad on 25th September 2010. The MoU has detailed the roles and responsibilities of
each partner. he Memorandum of Understanding is provided as annexure 11 .c.
There was hectic activity related to the study in those days. The finalisation of Phase -I
was going on simultaneously. A workshop held at NIT-C on 19' and 20' of August 2010
thoroughly wetted the data and methodology of Phase 1 study and provided critical inputs to the
methodology f the current phase. This experience was later published as a paper in the Tenth
International onference organised by Association of Indian Management Scholars (AIMS)
during 9" - I " January 2013. The paper is provided as annexure 11.d.
State Employment Guarantee Council approved the data on 27" August 2010, Chief
Engineer, LScJD, recommended it on 18' December 2010 and the Govt. of Kerala issued a GO
approving thf rates on 17" January 2011. A circular on rolling out the data was issued by
Additional C1ief Secretary, LSGD on 23" February 2011. A review was conducted by Mission
Director, MNREGS on 20" July 2011. But from there the progress was almost nil. The above
mentioned orders are provided as annexure 11 .b
5
ki
cj
2. Context of present study
A rcvicw conducted by Mission Director, MGNREGS on 25" February 2013 decided to

stop the field studies and to start data analysis. Hence any change in MGNREGS works after
that was not captured by the study.
A workshop held at KILA on 17thJu6e 2013, reviews by Secretary LSGD on 11th August
2014 and Mission Director, MGNREGS on 16 th September 2014 brought out clarities on several
outstanding issues like the final format of data based on agro ecological zones, listing of Grama
Panchayats as per the zoning etc.
The process was kick started by a meeting chaired by Secretary, LSGD on 30''June 2016,
followed by workshops held at HUDCO, LBC and KILA on 14th, 15th and 22'Ju1y respectively.
/ Draft data was submitted for field verification on 2d

August. About a dozen engineers from
each agro ecological zone gave their comments "and a meeting chaired by Commissioner for
Rural Development on 51h August discussed the inputs and gave the final directions on report.
This report dated on 16" August 2016 is the culmination of this process.
As explained the phase 1 study covered the four pilot districts of MGNREGS whereas
the present study covered the entire state. Both the phases covered works proposed and
organised under MGNREGS during the respective periods.
In Phase 1, the data was organised as per districts and phase 2 it is as per agro ecological
zones. In Phase 2 average values for each item is given and appropriate ratios have to be applied
for each zone and season. In Phase I the data was given separately for each district.
.
I
v This is explained at various documents - Phase I report and the research paper
published - atta hed as annexure. To avoid repetition a brief is attempted here.
Mission Director, MGNREGS had given directions to block level officers to intimate
LBC and Mai i about the issue of muster rolls in their respective areas by c mail. Both of the
agencies had tr •ned a number of field staff across the state. They were equipped with digital
camcras, weigNng scales, measuring tapes, humidity meters etc. As per the intimation from the
agency the field supervisor will go the work site without intimating the concerned MGNREGS
officials and workers. S/he will arrive at the site before the arrival of the workers and will leave
P only after the omplction of the day's work. The field supervisor will take a prc and post
P measurement of the work to quantify the day's work by the MGNREGS team. S/he will also
monitor the cli atic features - temperature, humidity - during the day, will number the tools,
collect the det s of workers and document these aspects.
In adcli 'on to the above s/he will select a typical person from the group for studying the
motions. The cligital camera will help in this regard. Each movement of the typical person is
f listed with mi 1 and final timings to give the duration. This is further classified in to active time
- where physical work is taking place, passive time - inherent rest time for active physical work,
idle time - wh re the typical person is taking an unscheduled stoppage and rest time - statutory
time for lunch tea break etc. From these time measurements actual time spent by the person is
calculated whi h will give the per person output. The data collection format is given as annexure
1l.a
'There fre few shortcomings in this methodology. The typical person selected my not be
typical, the grip may be highly heterogeneous, the tools may not be adequate and sufficient, the
work may be of undefined nature etc. In order to overcome this the studies with these
shortcomings 4vere not used for arriving at the final data.
VA
4. Findings of present study
Items studied.
Watershed and water conservation works were the predominant works during the
field study. There was gap of 3 years between the study and the final report. During
this period the type of work under MGNREGS changed a lot. The present study
covers the various kinds of clearings, cleanings, silt removal, earth work,
horticulture works etc. associated with water conservation. It is not covering any
skilled work. These items were developed by studying and defining the works
undertaken by MGNREGS during 2006-13.
Agro climatic zones
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) sub divided the state in to 12
zones depending on the climate, soil, flora and other agriculture related practices.
Naturally the work outturn will differ as per this. Most of the Grama Panchayats
will fall in to one zone. But few are having two or three zones and the predominant
zone is treated as the zone of the Panchayat. Separate data is available for each
zone. The map of the agro ecological zones is given as annexurc 11.e. The list of
Grama Panchayats along with zone is given as table in Chapter 10.
Monsoon and summer
Monsoon season is defined as the days from t June to 31" December of every
year. Summer season is defined from 1" January to 31' May of every year. Separate
data is available for both the seasons for each zone. This can be arrived by
multiplying the rate given by the appropriate ratio. These ratios are given as table
in Chapter 9.
Male participation
The male participation among the workers were less than ten percent. Even if when
men were present they were not from the prime of health or seasoned workers. It is
observed that the lack of quality male participation is severely affecting the outturn
of the group. An adult male with expertise and health to handle a heavy crow bar
or pick axe is dramatically improving the outturn since very few women are able to
use these earth breaking tools effectively.
Group organization
The group organisation of workers were not the best. Every worker's team in the
rural area is having a natural organisation with the most skilled person is lead with
deputies in an informal manner. This organisation gives the team the desired
output. Sadly such an organisation is absent among the MGNREGS workers in
general. If an effective leadership is provided there will be substantial improvement
P in the outturn.
P f. Ap ropriate tools.
I)uring the p ase 1 study, workers were using the implements provided by Grama
Panchayats. These tools were selected and bought on the consideration of
durability. As far as individual tools - knives, spades, pick axes etc. - are
concerned the priorities should be different. Each hand tool has to be selected on
p the basis of the person's height, weight, length of the arm etc. so that the tool is in
p harmony with body. Then only it can deliver the best. More over the power from
P human musc es is transferred through the palm to the handle of the tool. Here the
contact area ind the friction are of paramount importance. A rough wooden handle
P nicely fitting in to one's palm will transfer the maximum power from muscles to the
cutting edge It was very difficult to find out appropriate women friendly tools
among the" GNREGS work. The predominant were ones "etc having GI or steel
f
handles and Dften borrowed from the male folk in the family.
g.Lit
f The lift in the prevailing schedule of rates are 1.5 m. But the women labourers in
' rural areas s idom lift a weight above their head, the construction workers being an
exception. Their preferred lift is up to the level of breast. The women are wearing
hrng sleeved shirts to protect the body from excess sunshine, insects and bushes.
'J'his also ha pers the lift. The observed lift in the field is 0.75 m and it is taken as
the standard for this data. Extras are provided at the increments of 0.75 M.
L ad
Similar to the earlier instance the usual lead is 50m. Here in the field the majority of the outturn
was studied for a lead up to 10m. Hence it is taken as a standard. An extra person can be added
for each incre nent of 10 m lead for a group of 20 workers.
' L2bour Banks

It is high time that the workers under MGNREGS are organised under a labour bank, given
works on a piece rate under MGNREGS. They should be encouraged to execute soil
conservation works under various watershed programmes like IWMP, WGDP etc. This will
l('lflCdy most f the shortcomings mentioned earlier.
5. Using the data from study
Various software is being developed and in use by engineers employed by MGNREGS

engineers at Grama Panchayat and Block Panchayat levels. The present data has to be integrated
to an appropriate software.
By selecting the data appropriate season can be selected by the software. Similarly by
selecting the Grama Panchayat the relevant agro ecological zone can be selected. The present
data of Grama Panchayats with respective agro ccological zones, items of work, definitions, rates
and ratios for each zone has to be integrated with the software.
Alternately this can be worked manually by an Engineer in any Grama Panchayat for a
given season.
WC
6.
No Date Event/order/paper
1 19-Aug- 0 Methodology workshop at NIT-K
2 20-Aug-1 0 Methodology workshop at NIT-K
3 27-Aug-1 0 SEGC approved the Phase I data
4 25-Sep-1 L Signing of five party MoV for Phase 2
5 29-Nov- 0 Submission of Phase I report
6 18-Dec- 0 Lr No DB 4/9720/CE/LSGD/10, approval from CE, LSGD for Phase 1 data
7 17-Jan-11 GO (RT) 159/2011 LSGD on approval of TMS data- Phase 1
8 23-Feb-11 1 Circular No 115244/DD2/11 LSGD on piloting the Phase I data in 4 disincts

/
9 20-Jul-11 Review meeting by Mission Director, NREGS
10 09-Jan- 13 Presentation at tenth AIMS international conference on management
11 25-Feb- 3 Review meeting by Mission Director, NREGS - Decision to stop field work
12 17-Jun- 3 Workshop at KILA
13 31-Oct- 13 Status report by Maithri
14 11-Aug- 4 Advisory committee meeting chaired by Secretary, LSGD
15 16-Sep- 4 Review meeting by Mission Director NREGS
16 30-Jun- 6 Review meeting by Secretary, LSGD
17 14-jul-I 6 Workshop at HUDCO
18 15-Jul- 6 Workshop at LBC
19 22-Jul- 6 Interaction with MGNREGS engineers at KILA
20 05-Aug 16 Review meeting by Commissioner for Rural Development
11
c
ell
Specifications
for works to be taken up under MGNREGA in Kerala
Developed by HUDCO Regional Office, Thiruvananthapuram
C l
Towards fulfilment of contractual obligation in the conduct of C

The Time and Motion Study facilitated by KILA for
The Government of Kerala
1
C
August 2016
C l
'I
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C.
12
C.
Introductikn
A joint Memorndum of Understanding signed with KILA (Kerala Institute of Local Administration),
l-IUDCO, NiT I4ozhikode, LBC (Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies) and Maithri Palakkad on 25 Sept.
2010 to condu4 time and motion study to arrive at work outturn and specifications for standard works
undertaken in NkEGS. Kerala.
HUDCO'ssopeofwork: Zj
Will developi specifications including tools reqciired and optimum working conditions of the works going to
he studied in th proposed phase. The attempt will also cover the works studied under the pilot phase.
Will provid inputs to the methodology as and when required and facilitate an interaction between various
stakeholders of the study.
Limitation
LUC and Maithi have conducted the time and motions studies in the field and are compiling and analyzing the
study data. Threaer the findings along with representative photographs are compiled and delivered to
I IUDCO to tak up its scope of work.
lhus, 1-IUDCOs work is constrained by the quantity and quality of the inputs it receives from the relevant
/
parties.
.AppIIcatior
Standard items f work are obtained after combining similar items. Base items are standardized.
lach base itemf may be applied in multiple ways spread over two seasons (summer and monsoon) and 12 agro-
ecological zons.
Coa tal sandy 7 High ranges
2 Kutt inad 8 Malappuram type
3 Mal yoram 9 Northern midland
4 Ona tu kara 10 Palakkad plains
5 Red loam 11 Southern mid land
( Cer Tal Midland 12 Chittoor Black soil
13
C
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1. EARTH WORK
1.1 DEFINITIONS C'
Deadmen or Tell Tales: Mounds of earth left undisturbed in pits dug out for burrowing earth.
Burjis: Short pillars of brick/stone having top surface finished with cement plaster for marking etc.
Formation or Profile: Final shape of the ground after excavation or filling up.
Foul condition: Filthy and unhygienic conditions where physical movements arc hampered such as
soil mixed with sewage or night soil.
Lead: All distances shall be measured over the shortest practical route and not necessarily the route
actually taken. Route other than shortest practical route may be considered in cases of unavoidable
circumstances. c
Carriage by manual labour shall be reckoned in units of 10 metres or part thereof.
Lift: The vertical distance for removal with reference to the ground level. The excavation up to 075r
metres depth below the ground level and depositing the excavated materials upto 0.75 metres above
the ground level are included in the rate of earth work. Lifts inherent in the lead due to ground slopet I
shall not be paid for.

Safety rules: Safety rules as laid down by the statutory authority and as provided in National Building
Code (NBC) shall be followed. 6,
12 CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
1.2.1 The earthwork shall be classified under the following categories and measured separately for each --
category: C-
Loose soil: Generally any strata, such as sand, gravel, loam, clay, mud, black-cotton, moorum, and
their mixtures which for excavation yields to application of showels or draw hoes.
All kind of soils: Generally any strata, such as sand, gravel, loam, clay, mud, black-cotton,
moorum, shingle, river or nallah bed boulders, siding of roads, paths etc. and hard core, macadam
surface of any description (water bound, grouted tarmac etc.), lime concrete, mud concrete and their,
mixtures which for excavation yields to application of picks, showels, jumper, sacrifiers, ripper and
other manual digging implements, other than loose soil explained at (a) above. oil
Ordinary rock: Generally any rock which can be excavated by splitting with crow bars or picks Cki
and does not require blasting, wedging or similar means for excavation such as lime stone, sand stone,
hard laterite, hard conglomerate and un-reinforced cement concrete below ground level,
Hard rock: Generally any rock or boulder for the excavation of which blasting is required such as
ouartzite, granite, basalt, reinforced cement concrete (reinforcement to be cut through but not
separated from concrete) below ground level and the like.
Hard rock (blasting prohibited): Hard rock requiring blasting as described under (c) but where
the blasting is prohibited for any reason and excavation has to be carried out by chiseling, wedging, p,;
use of rock hammers and cutters or any other agreed method.
1.3 ANTIQUI]ES AND USEFUL MATERIALS
1.3.1 Any finds o f archaeological interest such as relics of antiquity, coins, fossils or other articles of value
shall be deliverec to the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) and shall be the property of the Government.
•
OF
1.3.2 Any material obtained from the excavation which in the opinion of the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge
(Mate) is useful hail be stacked separately in regular stacks as directed by the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge
(Mate) and shall e the property of the Government.
P 1.4 PROTECTIONS S
1.4.1 Excavation where directed by the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) shall be securely barricaded and
provided with p per caution signs, conspicuously displayed during the day and properly illuminated with red
lights and/or written using fluorescent reflective paint as directed by NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate)
during the night o avoid accidents.
1.4.2 The NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) shall take adequate protective measures to see that the
excavation oper tions do not damage the adjoining structures or dislocate the services. Water supply pipes,
sluice valve chainbers, sewerage pipes, manholes, drainage pipes and chambers, communication cables, power
supply cables Ct . met within the course of excavation shall be properly supported and adequately protected, so
that these servi es remain functional. However, if any service is damaged during excavation, arrangements
sluill be done to nsure restoration in reasonable time.
1.4.3 E=avaticn shall not be carried out below the foundation level of the adjacent buildings until
underpinning, sl oring etc. is done as per the directions of the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate), for which
)nymcnt shall be made separately.
1.4.4 Any darn ges done by the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) to any existing work shall be made
good by her at ier own cost. Existing drains pipes, culverts, over head wires, water supply lines and similar
services encou tered during the course of execution shall be protected against damage by the NREGA
Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate). The NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) shall not store material or otherwise
occupy any parq of the site in manner likely to hinder the operations of such services.
1,5 SITE CLEARANCE
1.5.1 Before thd earth work is started, the area coining under cutting and filling shall be cleared of shrubs, rank
vegetation, gra s, brushwood, trees and saplings of girth up to 20cm measured at a height of one metre above
ground level and rubbish removed up to a distance of 10 metres outside the periphery of the area under
clearance. The roots of trees and saplings shall be removed to a depth of 60cm below ground level or 30cm
below formatio level or 15 cm below sub grade level, whichever is lower, and the holes or hollows filled up
with the earth, 4ammed and levelled.
1.5.2 The trees of girth above 20 cm m'sured at a height of one metre above ground shall be cut riy after
permission of 4ie Engineer-in-Charge is obtained. The roots of trees shall also be removed as specified above.
Payment for ci4ting such trees and removing the roots shall be made separately.
1.5.3 Fxisting ructures and services such as old buildings, culverts, fencing, water supply pipe lines, sewers,
power cables, ommunication cables, drainage pipes etc. within or adjacent to the area if required to be
di verted/rerno' d, shall be diverted/dismantled as per directions of the Engineer-in-Charge and payment for
such divcrsior is mantling works shall be made separately.
15
I
C:..
1.5.4 In case of archaeological monuments within or adjacent to the area, the NREGA SupervisorinCharge
(Mate) shall provide necessary fencing around such monuments as per the directions of the Engineer-in-
Charge and protect the same properly during execution of works. Payment for providing fencing shall be IiIa(le
separately.
1.5.5 Lead of 10 in mentioned in the 'Schedule of Quantities' is the average lead for the disposal of excavated
earth within the site of work. The actual lead for the lead for the disposal of earth may be more or less than thee
10 in for which no cost adjustment shall be made in the rates. 6
io
1.5.6 Earth shall be disposed off at the specified location. The NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) has 01
take advance written permission about place and quantity of disposal of earth, from Engineer-in-Charge, ii
earth is to be moved from privately owned spaces to publicly owned spaces or vice versa. is
1.6 SETTING OUT AND MAKING PROFILES C
in
1.6.1 A masonry pillar or wooden or bamboo peg to serve as a bench mark will be erected at a suitable point
the area, which is visible from the largest area. Necessary profiles with strings stretched on pegs, bamboos OIt
'Burjis' shall be made to indicate the correct formation levels before the work is started. The NRE(A
Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) shall arrange labour and material for constructing bench mark, setting out
making profiles and connecting bench mark with the standard bench mark. The pegs, bamboos or 'Burjis'
the bench mark shall be maintained by NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) during the excavation to check
the profiles.
1.6.2 Suitable steps to document existing and excavated levels to enable measurements and calculation olC
quantities may be taken, such as:
e
1.6.2.1 The ground levels shall be taken at 5 to 15 metres intervals (as directed by the Engineer-in-
Charge in uniformly sloping ground and at closer intervals where local mounds, pits or undulations aiit
met with). The ground levels shall be recorded in field books and plotted on plans. The plans shall be
041
drawn to a scale of 5 metres to one cm or any other suitable scale decided by the Engineer-in-C harge
North direction line and position of bench mark shall invariable be shown on the plans. These plan.
shall be signed by the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) before the earth work is started.
1.6.2.2 Any other method approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.

.4
1 7 EXCAVATION IN ALL KINDS OF SOILS
c
1.7.1 All excavation operations manually shall include excavation and 'getting out' the excavated materials. In
case of excavation for trenches, basements, water tanks etc. getting out' shall include throwing the excavate
materials at a distance of at least one metre or half the depth of excavation, whichever is more, clear off thee
edge of excavation. In all other cases 'getting out' shall include depositing the excavated materials as
specified. The subsequent disposal of the excavated material shall be either stated as a separate item o tC
j!".!dcd with the items of excavation stating lead.
1.7.2 During the excavation the natural drainage of the area shall be maintained. Excavation shall be done
from top to bottom. Undermining or undercutting shall not be done.
1.7.3 In firm soils, the sides of the trenches shall be kept vertical upto a depth of 2 metres from the bottom. Fo
greater depths, the excavation profiles shall be widened by allowing steps of 50 cins on either side after CVCi)
2 metres from the bottom. Alternatively, the excavation can be done so as to give slope of 1:4 (1 horizontal: 4
vertical). Where the soil is soft, loose or slushy, the width of steps shall be suitably increased or sides sloped oC
the soil shored up as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. It shall be the responsibility of the NRL(iA
C
Supervisor-in-C rge (Mate) to take complete instructions in writing from the Engineer-in-Charge regarding
the stepping, sloring or shoring to be done for excavation deeper than 2 metres.
1.7.4 The exca ation shall be done true to levels, slope, shape and pattern indicated by the NREGA
Supervisor-in-C arge (Mate).
1.7.5 In case of excavation for foundation in trenches or over areas, the bed of excavation shall be to the
correct level or slope and consolidated by watering and ramming. If the excavation for foundation is done to a
depth greater than that shown in the drawings or as required by the Engineer-in-Charge, the excess depth shall
be made good vith the concrete of the mix used for levellingt bed concrete for foundations. Soft/defective
spots at the bedf the foundations shall be dug out and filled with concrete (to be paid separately) as directed
p by the Engineer- n-Charge.

1.7.6 While ca ing out the excavation for drain work care shall be taken to cut the side and bottom to the
required shape, slope and gradient. The surface shall then be properly dressed. If the excavation is done to a
depth greater the n that shown on the drawing or as required by the Engineer-in-Charge, the excess depth shall
be made good with stiff clay puddle at places where the drains are required to be pitched and with ordinary
earth, properly atered and rammed, where the drains are not required to be pitched. In case the drain is
required is to b pitched, the back filling with clay puddle, if required, shall be done simultaneously as the
pitching work p oceeds. The brick pitched storm water drains should be avoided as far as possible in filled-up
areas and loose oils.
1.7.7 In all othe cases where the excavation is taken deeper, it shall be brought to the required level by filling
in with earth duly watered, consolidated and rammed. /
1.7.8 The excavition shall be done manually only.
1.8 EXCA4TION IN ORDINARY/HARD ROCK

1.8.1 All exca+tion operations shall include excavation and 'getting out' the excavated matter. in case of
excavation for trenches, basements, water tanks etc. 'getting out' shall include throwing the excavated
materials at a distance of at least one metre or half the depth of excavation, whichever is more, clear off the
edge or excav tion. In all other cases 'getting out' shall include depositing the excavated materials as
specified. The subsequent disposal of the excavated material shall be either stated as a separate item or
included with t e item of excavation stating lead.
1.8.2 During 1 excavation, the natural drainage of the area shall be maintained. Excavation shall be done
from top to be n. Undermining or under cutting shall not be done.
1.8.3 Excavati in hard rock shall be done manually, by chiseling or such other appropriate method.
1.8.4 In ordin rock excavation shall be carried out by crowbars, pick axes and blasting operation shall not
be adopted.
1.8.5 The cxc tion shall be done manually only and NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) shall ensure
every safety 11 ures for the workers.
1.9 FILLIN
1.9.1 The e used for filling shall be free from all roots, grass, shrubs, rank vegetation, brushwood, tress,
sapling and
1.9.2 Filling h excavated earth shall be done in regular horizontal layers each not exceeding 20 cm in depth.
All lumps a clods exceeding 8 cm in any direction shall be broken. Each layer shall be watered and
consolidated he top and sides of filling shall be neatly dressed.
17
1.10 MEASUREMENTS .
1.10.1 The length and breadth of excavation or filling shall be measured with as (cc I tape correct to the nearest
( I
cm. The depth of cutting or height of filling shall be measured, correct to 1 cm, by reconliii1
j levels before the
start of the work and after the completion of the work. The cubical contents shall be work( d oril lo the nearesti -'
one place of decimal in cubic metres.
I
1.10.1.1 In case of open footings up to the depth of 1.5
metres, alround excavation of 30 cm. beyond .,
the outer dimension of footing shall be measured for payment to make allowances for centering and
shuttering.
1.10.1.2 In case of open footings/Rafts at a depth of more than 1.5 metre, alround excavation
of 75 cm
shall be measured for payment to make allowance for centering and shutte ring.
t1 I RATES .. •.; s
1.11.1 Rates for Earthwork shall include the following:
Excavation and depositing excavated material as specified.

c
Handing of antiquities and useful material as specified on 1.3.
Protection as specified in 1.4.
/ (d) Site clearance as specified in 1.5.
(e) Setting out and making profiles as specified in 1.6. C
(f Forming (or leaving) dead - men or 'Tell Tales' in borrow pits and their removal afler
measurements.
C
(h) Initial lead of 10 m and lift of 0.75 m.
0
1.11.2 No deduction shall be made from the rate if in the opinion of the Engineer- in-charge, operations
specified in 1.11.1(b) to (h) are not required to be carried out on any account whatsoever.
••i!URFACE. E
4
1.12.1 Excavations exceeding 1.5
in in width and 10 sqm. on plan but not exceeding 30 cm. in depth in all
types of soils and rocks shall be described as surface excavation and shall be done as specified in 1.7 and 1.8. C
1.12.2 Measurements: The length and breadth shall be measured with a steel tape correct to the nearest
cm.
and the area worked out to the nearest one place of decimal in square metres. C
1.12.3 Rate shall be as specified in 1.11.
C
Ci a üiEXCAATION AND FI LUN .
1.13.1 Excavation for earth from burrow pits, cutting hill side slopes etc. shall be described as rough
excavation and shall be done as specified in 1.7 and 1.8.
1.13.2 Wherever filling is to be done, the earth from excavation shall be directly used for filling
and no 1
payment for double handling of earth shall be admissible. Filling of excavated earth shall be done as specified
in 1.9. In case of hill side cutting, where the excavated materials is thrown down the hill slopes, payment for
filling excavated earth shall not be admissible.
C
1.13.3 Measurements shall be as specified in 1.10.
18
c
1.13.4 Rates sha1l be as specified in 1.11.
114 EXCAVjATION OVER AREA (ALL KINDS OF SOIL)
1.14.1 This shall comprise:

Excavation exceeding 1.5 m in width and 10 sqm on plan and exceeding 30 cm in depth.
Excavation for basements, water tanks etc.
Excavation in trenches exceeding 1.5 in in width and 10 sqm on plan.
1.14.2 Excavati n shall be done as specified in 1.7.
1.14.3 Measurer ients shall be as specified in 1.10.
1.14.4 Rates sil I be as specified in 1.11.
1.15 EXCA\ATION OVER AREA (ORDINARY! HARD ROCK)
1.15.1 This shalj comprise:
Exc vation exceeding 1.5 m in width and 10 sqm on plan and exceeding 30 cm in depth.
Exc vation for basements, water tanks etc.
Exc vation in trenches exceeding 1.5 m in width and 10 sqm on plan.
1.15.2 Excavati n shall be done as specified in 1.8.
1 .15.3 Measure ents shall be done as specified in 1 .10.
1.15.4 Rates sh 11 be as specified in 1.11.
1.16 EXCA ATION IN TRENCHES FOR FOUNDATIONS AND DRAINS (ALL

KINDS OF OIL)
1.16.1 This sh 11 comprise excavation not exceeding 1.5 m in width or 10 sqm on plan and to any depth in
trenches (cxclu ling trenches for pipes, cables, conduits etc.)
1.16.2 Excavat on shall be done as specified in 1.7.
1.16.3 Measurc ments shall be as specified in 1.10.
1.16.4 Rates sli ill be as specified in 1.11.
1,17 EXCA ATION IN TRENCHES FOR FOUNDA11ON AND DRAINS

(ORDINAR / HARD ROCK)
1.17.1 This she II comprise excavation not exceeding 1.5m in width or 10 sqm. On plan and to any depth
In trenches (ex luding trenches for pipes, cables, conduits etc.)
1.17.2 Fxcaval ion shall be done as specified in 1.8.
1.17.3 Measur ments shall be as specified in 1.10.

1.17.4 Rates s all be as specified in 1.11.
19
1.18 PLANKING AND STRUTTING
1.18.1 Being a specialized work, special care should be taken while undertaking excavation in
difficult/dangerous situations and while erecting planking and strutting. Skilled workers should be employed
to do planking and strutting.
1.18.2 When the depth of trench in soft/loose soil exceeds 2 metres, stepping, sloping and/ or planking and 4,
strutting of sides shall be done. In case of loose and slushy soils, the depths at which these precautions are to
be taken shall be determined by the Engineer-in-Charge according to the nature of soil.
Planking and strutting shall be 'close' or 'open' depending on the nalure of soil and the depth of trench. Thee'
type of planking and strutting shall be determined by the Engineer-in-Charge. U shall be the responsibility of 1
the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) to take all necessary steps to prc'cI1t the sides of trenches from
collapse. Engineer-in-Charge should take guidance from IS: 3764 for designing the shoring and strutting' I
arrangements and specifying the profile of excavation.
1.18.3 Close Planking and Strutting

Close planking and strutting shall be done by completely covering the sides of the trench generally with short
upright, members called 'poling boards'. These shall be 25008 mm in section or as direced by the Fngincer-C
in-Charge.
The boards shall generally be placed in position vertically in pairs. One board on either side olcutling. lI1ese %
shall be kept apart by horizontal waling of strong wood at a maximum spacing of 1.2 metres cross stniued
with ballies, or as directed by Engineer-in-Charge. The length and diameter of the bahlies strut shall depend 4,
upon the width of the trench. Typical sketch of close timbering is given in hg. 1.2.
Where the soil is very soft and loose, the boards shall be placed horizontally against the sides of the excavation
and supported by vertical 'walings' which shall be strutted to similar timber pieces on the opposite face oftliee i
trench. The lowest boards supporting the sides shall be taken in the ground for a minimum depth of 75 mm.
No portion of the vertical side of the trench shall remain exposed. c
The withdrawal of the timber members shall be done very carefully to prevent collapse of the trench. It shalle
be started at one end and proceeded systematically to the other end. Concrete or masonry shall not be damaged.
while removing the planks. Efforts should be made to safely remove all the planks where it is practically
feasible, unless required by the Engineer-in-Charge to be left permanently in position. C
1.18.4 Open Planking and Strutting 4
In case of open planking and strutting, the entire surface of the side of the trench is not required to be covered.
The vertical boards 250 mm wide & 38 mm thick, shall be spaced sufficiency apart to leave unsupported strips c
of 50 cm average width. The detailed arrangement, sizes of the timber and the distance apart shall be subject toe
the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge, in all other respect, specifications for close planking and strutting
shall apply to open planking and strutting. Typical sketch of open planking and strutting is given in fig. 2.2.
1.18.5 Measurements C
The dimensions shall be measured correci io the nearest cm and the area of the face supported shall be worked 4
out in square metres correct to one places of decimal.
1.18.5.1 Works shall be grouped according to the following:
Depth not exceeding 0.75 in.

C
Depth exceeding 0.75m in stages of 0.75 in.
C
20
C
1.18.5.2 P king and strutting to the following shall be measured separately:
(a) Ifrcnchcs.
(1)) lArcas- The description shall include use and waste of raking shores.
jShafts. walls. cesspits. manholes and the like
\Vhere tightly driven close but jointed sheeting is necessary as in case of running sheeting
is i eccssarv as in case of running sand the item shall be measured separately and packing of
ca ities behind sheeting with suitable materials included with the item.
Planking and strutting required to be left permanently in position shall be measured

sel laratcly.
1.18.6 Rates
Rates shall includ use and waste of all necessary timber work as mentioned above including fixing and
subsequent i'cmova1.
1.19 EXCAVAIrION IN WATER, MUD, FOUL or HAZARDOUS POSITION
.19. I All water tl at may accumulate in excavations dun ng the progress of the work from springs, tidal or
rivet' seepage. bro ken water mains or drains, and seepage from subsoil aquifer shall be bailed. pumped out or
utlierwise removed The NREGA Supervisor-i n-Charge (Mate) shall take adequate measures ]or bailing and/or
puinpi ig out Nvatc from excavations and/or pun1)ing out water from excavations and construct di version
cliaiiiiels. buiids. RIMPS, coffer clams etc. as may be rcciuired. Pumping shall be done directly from the
liiiidation trenche or from a sunip out side the excavation in such a manner as to preclude the possibility of
inu'c UC ut of \'at r through aii' fresh concrete or masonry and washing away parts of concrete or mortar.
I )iui'uiig hiving of mricrete or masonry and for a period of at least 24 hours thereafter. pumping shall be done
hoin I suitable sui p separated from concrete or nia-sonry by effective means.
upacitv and 111.1111 )Cl- of pumps, location at which the pumps are to be installed, pumping hours etc. shall be
decided l'rom time to time in consultation with the Engineer-in-Charge.
Puuimiping shall be iloric in such a vav as not to cause damage to the work or adjoining property by subsidence
dc. I)isposal of w iter shall not cause inconvenience or nuisance in the area or cause damage to the property
tuumd st ruettu ic near v
In puvvenl slippitg of sides. planking and strutting may also be done with the approval of the Engineer-in-
I (ha Ige
I ed not be done in the case of minor excavations in ponds/canals/drains etc. where mortar or
1,19.2 Pumping nIstniction
nneue1c based co work. which can be easily damaged by the presence/flow of water. is not planned.
19.3 ('lussilicat on
I lie eauili w ouk in ' various classification of soil shall be categoriseci as under:
(ii) \Vo rk in or ruder water and/or liquid mud: Excavation, where water is met with from any of the
(IIIi'ddS specified in 1.19.1 shall fall in this categorv . .Stcad
water level in the trial pits before the
etminueneemeull o bailing or pumping operations shall be the sub-soil water level in that area.
\\itll
(h) Worh in or ii ider foul position: Excavation, where sewage. sewage gases or foul conditions are met
ii 'iii auiv 50(11CC. liall fall in this categor'. Decision of the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate) whether the
Will, is iii linil l)C itiofl or not shall be final.
71
S
(C)
\Vork in or tinder hazardous posilion: Excavation. whcre shards of sharp obiects such as rdas,
. metal
etc_ snakes or other poiSOnous life forms, hazardous clieniicals, etc. are met with, shall fall in this categoi-v
I)ecision of the NREGA Suipenisor-in_Chai-
e (Mate) whether the work is in hazardous position or not shall
be final. Works in hazardous pOSitioii may be undertaken only ith the approval of the Engineer-i n-(liane
and vi t h appropnateprotective gear.
1. 19.4 \leasurements
.19.4.1 The unit. namely, metre depth shall be the depth nieasuid from the level of foul poSitioii/
subsoil \\ater
level and upto the centre of gI1vitv of the cross sectional area of' excavation actually
done in the conditions classi fled in 1. 19.3. Metre depth shall be reckoned correct to ft I in. 0 () in or
more shall be taken as ft I in and less than 0.05 m ignored. The extra percentage late is applicable in
respect of each item but the measurements shall be limited onl to the quantities of earth work actually
executed in the concl itions classified in 1. 193.
1.19.4.2 In case earth ork in or nuder foul position is also in or under water and/or liquid mud, extra
pa nient shall be admissible only for the earth ork actually executed in or under foul
position
1.19.4.3 Pumping or bailing out water met ithi ii excavations from the sources specified in I
here envisaged and specifically ordered by the NREGA Supervisor-i n-Charge (Mate) shall be
rneasuiid sepamtel\ and paid. Quantity of water shall be recorded in kilolitres correct to to places of'
decimal. l'his payment shall be in addition to the payment under respective items of' earthwork and
shall be admissible onl\ when pumping or bailing out \\ater
has been specifically ordered b the
NREGA Supervisor-i n-Charge (Mate).
1.19.4.4 Planking and struuine or any other l)rotectjon vork done \\ ith the approval of
- the
NRFGA
SLil)en'iSOr-in-Clmarge (Mate) to keep the trenches dry and/or to save the foundations against damage
by corrosion of nse in water levels shall be measured and paid for separately.
1.19.4.5 Railing or pumping out \ater, accumulated in excavation, due to rains is included ii ncler
respective items of earthwork and is not to be paid separatcl\
1.19.5 Rates
The rates for rcspectie items descithed above shall include cost ofall the Operations as may be applicable
1.20 EARTH WORK FOR MAJOR WORKS
1.20.1 Excavation shall be undertaken to the width of,

the I3ascment/Retaini ng all footing including
fleccssary margins for construction operation as per drawing or directed otherwise Wliei the nature of soil or
the depth of the trench and season of the ear, do not permit vertical sides, the NREGA Supervisor-in-('harg
(Mate) shall put up the ncccssary shori rig. stratting and planking or cut slopes ith or without steps. to a safr
angle or both with due regard to the safct of personnel and works and to the
CiaieM
i g satsctoi
ifoi of' te Engieer-in-
aensa be pennitted
1 .20.2 The NREGA Supuk. isoi'-in-Chai'gc (Mate) shall make all necessai arrange mc nts lhr maintaining \iter
level. in the area here orks -
trc under execution low enough so as no( to cause any harm to the work and the
orkers shall be considered as inclusive of' pumping out or bailing out water, if requ iivd. for which e xira
l)ayment shall be made.
1.20.3 The NREGA Supenisor-in_('ha'ge (Mate) shall take all necessary measures fhr the saftv of traffic
dining cOnStruction and provide, enct and mar ntain such bari'icades including signs. mar'k i ngs. flags. lights
and flagman. as necessar\ at either end of the excavation/eiiilximiknient and at such intermediate points as
directed b the Engineer-i n-Charge for the pm'oper identification of construction area. The Engineer-i n-Charge
shall be responsible for all damages and accidents caused due to negl igence on 11cr part
1.21 FILLING IN TRENCHES, PLINTH, UNDER FLOOR ETC.
1.21.1 Earth
Nonuallv cxcavatec earth from same area shall be used for filling. Earth used for filling shall be free from
shrubs. rank. vegeL tion. grass. bnishwood. stone shingle and boulders (larger than 75rnni in all' direction).
ol-ganic or any oth r foreign matter. Earth containing deleterious materials, salt peter earth etc. shall not be
used for filling. All clods and lumps of earth e xceedi ig 8 cm in all,,- direction shall be broken or removed
before the earth is u ccl for filling.
1.21 .2 Filling
The space around tile foundations and drains in trenches shall be cleared of all debris. brick bats etc. The
filling shall be doi e in layers not exceeding 20 ci'ii in depth. Each layer shall be watered, rammed and
consolidated. Rami ling shall be clone with iroii rammcrs where possible and with blunt end of crow bars
hcrc rammers cai lot be used. Special care shall be taken to ensure that no damage is caused to the pipeS.
drains, masonry or oncrete in the trenches. In case of filling under floor, the finished level of filling shall be
kept to the slope hit ndcd to be given to the floor.
1 .21 .3 Measureine its

1.21.3.1 Filing Side of Foundations: The cubical contents of bed concrete levelling course and
rnasoni./ c ncrete in foundations up to the ground level shall be worked out and the same deducted
from the c ibical contents of earthwork in excavation for foundations already measured under the
respective tern of earth work to arrive at the quantity for filling sides of foundation. The quantity shall
5 be calculat d correct to one places of decimal,
1.21.3.2 F' ling in Plinth and under Floors: Depth of filling shall be the consolidated depth. The
dimensions of filling shall be on the basis of pre-measurcment correct to the nearestCiii and cubical
content wo kcd out in cubic metres correct to one places of decimal.
9 1.21.4 Rates
The rates I iclude cost of all the operations described above.
9 1.22 SURFACE DRESSING
I .22. I Surface dre sing shall include cutting and filling upto a depth of 15 cm and clearing of shnibs. rank
5
.
vegetation, grass. t rushwood. trees and saplings of girth upto 20 ciii measured at a height of one metre above
the ground level ai d removal of rubbish and other excavated material upto a distance of 10 metres outside the
peI'il)herv of the a ea under surface dressing. High poilions of the ground shall be cut down and hollows
de1)Icssion tilled ii to the required level with the excavated earth so as to give all even. iieat and tidy look.
1.22.2 Measurcin nts

I iigth and breadd of the dressed ground shall be measured correct to the nearest cm and the area worked out
S metres c rrect to two places ofdecinial.
I .22.3 Rules
l'hie 1OWS shall inclkide cost of labour involved in all the operations described above.
S
1.23 CLEARANCE OF GRASS
('utting and clearing operation InvOlving only the clearance of grass. not uprooti n. shall he nwamlcd and pald
ior scparrttelv and shall include nnioval of I-Libbisli upto a distance of' 2() in on tside tIre ie iplier
I I he area
under clearance.
1.23,1 Measurements
The length and breadth shall be measured correct to the nearest cm and area worked out in square metres
correct to two places of decimal.
1.23.2 Rates
The rate includes cost of all the operation described above.
Note: Clearance of grass is not payable separatelY for the earth work specified in 1. 14 to I 17.
1.24 JUNGLE CLEARANCE
1.24.1 Jungle clearance shall comprise uprooting of rank vegetation, grass. bnishwood. shrubs. stumps. trees
and saplings of girth upto 20 cm measured at a height of one metre above the ground level Where only
clearance of'grass is involved it shall be measured and paid for separately.
1.24.2 Uprooting of Vegeations
('he roots of trees and saplings shall be removed to a depth of 60 cm below ground level or 3()
cm helo
formation level or 15 cm below sub-grade level, whichever is lower. All holes or hollows formed due to
removal of roots shall be filled up with earth rammed and levelled. Trees, shrubs. poles. fences, signs.
monuments, pipe lines, cable etc.. within or adjacent to the area which are not required to be disturbed during
jungle clearance shall be properly protected b the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate)
1.24.3 Stacking and Disposal
All useful materials obtained from clearing and grubbing operation shall be stacked in the manner as directed
by the Engineer-in-Charge. Trunks and branches of trees shall be cleared of limbs and tops and stacked neatly
at places indicated b\ the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate). The materials shall be the Prol
)ertv of, the
Panchavat. unless belonging to privately owned premises. All unserviceable materials which iii the opinion of
the NREGA Supenisor-in-Char'ge (Mate) cannot be used or auctioned shall be removed up to a distance of It)
m outside the periphery of the area under clearance.
1.24.4 Measurements
'l'Iie length and breadth shall be measured correct to the nearest cm and area orked Out in square iiie tres
correct to two places of decimal.
1.24.5 Rates
The rate includes cost of all the operation described above.
Note: Jungle clearance is not payable separately for the earth work specified in I 14 to I 17.
2.)
p
'.
p
p
1.25 FELLING REES
I .25.1 Felling
While clearing jung e. grown trees above 20 cm girth (measured at a height of one mctre above ground level)
In be cut. shall be pproved by the Engineer-in-Charge and then marked at site. Felling trees shall include
lal tug out roots up o 60 cm below ground level or 30 cm below formation level or ID cm below sub-grade
P level, whichever is 1 \'er.
All excavation below general ground level arising out of the removal of trees. stumps etc. shall be filled wth
suitable material in ZO cm layers and compacted thoroughly so that the surfaces at these points conform to the
surrounding area. The trunks and branches of' trees shall be cleared of limbs and tops and cut into suitable
)tcces as directed b the NREGA Supervisor-i n-Charge (Mate).
I .25.2 Stacking an I Disposal

Wood. branches, t igs of trees and other useful material shall be the property of the Panchavat, unless
belonging to privat lv owned premises. The serviceable materials shall be stacked in the manner as directed by
the NREGA. Super isor-in-Charge (Mate) upto a lead of' I Om. All unserviceable material, which in the opinion
i1 NRI;GA Superv sor-in-Charge (Mate) cannot be used or auctioned shall be removed from the area and
disposed off as per he directions of the NREGA Supervisor-in-Charge (Mate). Care shall be taken to see that
iiiistiitable waste m terials are disposed off in such a manner that there is no adverse social or environmental.
1.25.3 Measui-emerits
(lilting of trees ab e 20 cm in girth (measui-ed at a height of one metre above level) shall be measured in
',
, ittittibers accoi-ding to the sizes given below:
(a) Beond 20 cm girth. upto and including 60cm girth.
, (b) Bcvond 60 cm girth, being specialised work, need not be taken up under NREGA.
1,2.4 Rate
'I hit' ale includes he cost involved in all the operations descnbed above. The contract unit rate for cutting
tic above 20 cm n girth shall include removal of stumps as well.
1.26 TOOLS IMPLEMENTS
Si,c, type and w ight of tools and implements should be identified. procured and made available to the
vurkers l'iee of co! t in accordance with the anthropometrics. effort capabilities and skill levels.
lools. implements protective gear and safotv equipments to be supplied by the Panchayat.
S
1.27 OPTIMU WORKING CONDITIONS
lunatic: Avoid iorking in conditions that may result in sun stroke. heat stroke. dehydration. cold bite,
iiiicle crauips. et
V
Piitleciinn to be ci sureci and protective gear and safety equipments to be used in hazardous and foul situations.
w
of allvoiL'rs to be ensured.
I lt'u iiiitation ljcilities to be ensured.
ii
1.28 REFERENCES:
IS 1200 (Pt I ) Method of iricasu re ment of earthwork

C PWD Specifications 2009
Specifications of vaious State PWDs
Schedules of rates of various Departments of State Governments

DSR 2013.
Fig. 1.1 Close & Open Planking & Strutting
S STF!..flf
S CTF.TI.
.ET: PQ_IfJ' AC F. ....A.LC'-'sEE
CLOSE iwG S
'H LOUGfTSJDIH.L POL' :c
DRA'f(., I40TTO SCALE
.FE
26
2. Geo TextIe for grassing
Ouich mesh coir gc textiles are laid side by side by overlapping of 150mm while end to end overlapping of
t\\) coir geo textilc is 200mm.
Ihe overlaii1g e ges are fixed with the ground with the help of either 150mm long. U-shaped nails or
'i )mimmii long J shap d hooks made of 3 mm iron or steel wIre. The U shaped nails or J shaped hooks should be
Iii cii at intervals of 500 750mm: along sides and overlapping sections at a distance of 300-500mm.
-
\Vden bamboo p gs may also be used for fixing the coir geo textiles. The hooks must be at the same level
M111 the irou rid tbr smooth water flow over the jom mit to the next thbric.
Scenic the top and ~otto rn

ends of the coirgco textiles into slots about 300mm deep, dug into the slope for the
piampose. Fill in thelots with soil and tamp it flush with the soil surface.
eo textiles using U/i shaped or wooden pegs driven at intervals of 500-750mm, along sides
down the coirItIons
intl overlapping se at a distance of 300-500 miii.
lh second seeding of grass at lOg per sq.mctre after the coir geo textiles is in placc. Finally, tamp the coir geo
tttmIes flush with he soil surface. Care should be taken to ensure that no aggregate stays between coir geo
tetsIes and the bas soil either at the bottom sides. irrigate the treated slope as required to promote the growth
of eetation. Care must be taken to protect the treated site from trampling by human and cattle till vegetation
conies tip hilly.
( 'liie umummitoring s iould be carried out for at least two-season cycle. I)isplacemcnt of coir geo textiles, if an\.
3 to he noted and atched without disturbing it initially. Fresh coir geo textiles pieces duly stapled on all sides
hiii\ t)VCili) toiii r rtions.
'
imade 1(1 12 M6: 4( 0 gsm) or Grade II (1-12M5: 700gsm) open wcavc coir bhoohvastra
3 .'
I lIme slope shal 1-me made free from undulations soil slurry, mud and sharp projections and compacted with
t ulmlit muimal earth wl crc necessary.
Anchoring trenches shall he excavated at the top and toe of the slope along the slope downward caring, to
.'
ac that it touches he soil surface at all points.
lIme selected c ir woven bhoovastra shall be unrolled across the top trench and along the slope downward.
,iiiimm to see that i touches the soil surfice at all points.
2 'I Overlaps shall be minimum 150 mm at sides and ends (sec Fig . 1). The coir woven bhoovastra at the
hmmhmer level on iii slope shall be placed over level. Side overlaps of a coir woven bhoovastra piece shall be
placcd over its ne. piece on one side and under the next piece on the other.
lime coir wov ii bhoovastra shall be fixed in position by steel staples of 220 mm lengths (usually of II
P.mi ltv diameter) o by spilt bamboo pegs. Stapling shall be done normally at all interval of 500-750 mm both
iii luilp,mliRlival and transvcmse directions. Special care shall be taken to staple the coir woven bhoovastra within
tIme iniehmoiing lien lies (300 111111 depth and 150 mm width) both at the bottom and at the sides
'(i Ihie anchoriii trenches shall be filled up with bnck-bats/soil for preventing displacement of the coir
cii hlioovasni Care shall be taken that the overlaps are not displaced during installation.
1 (rite shall he to ensure that the coir woven Bhoovastm is not damaged due to puncture tear and other
miiI omial stress
27
CA
2.8 Seeds of vegetation (gmss. legumes etc of apprbpriatc variety) shall than be spread. It seeds are not
availabic, saplings of the appropriate plant species may be planned at suitable intervals through the opening of
the coir woven bhoovastra.
2.9 In special circumstances, a second dose of seeds may be spread with dibbling of locally available grass.
2.10 Installation shall be completed preferably bcfom the monsoon to take advantage of the rains lbr qwck C'
genllin
ation of seeds.
61
I. Open weave coir Bhoovastra-Specifjcatjon,2008 IS 15869.

2. Application of coir geotextilcs (coir woven Bhoovast!B) for iin \a1cr erosion control in roads.
railway embankmeiits and hill slopes-Guidelines. 2009, IS 15872.
Ref:
Schedule of Rates for Forestry Works. Government of Kcrala, 2007.
Section: Forest Nursery and Plantation Works
Items: 1, iii, n. o. p. q. r & s give different labour outturn for digging items in aftcr rains' and 'dry
28
Time and Motion Data
Items of work
I.ahour in
dc 1 )escription nit
tL person days
CLEANING / Ci .[ARING
(:1 Clearir grass
Clearing grass (cutting using spade; not uprooting) and 100 Sqm 2. 16
removal of rubbish upto a distance of 20m outside the
periphery of the area cleared.
(:2 Clearir g Bushes
Clearing light undergrowth/bushes (mostly cutting; not
uprootingi; with grass cover less than 25 and removal
of rubbish upto a distance of 20m outside the periphery
o the area cleared. Trees / saplings of girth more than
0.20m at a height of one metre frorn ground level shall
not he cut/damaged.
For area under thorny hushes less than 23Yo of the total 100 Sc1m 2.12
area of work.
(:2.2 For area under thorny hushes more than then 25°/o of 100 S1mn 4.81
the total area of work.
(:3 Remo al of floating materials from water bodies
(:3.1 1 IFrom the surfice of water bodies. 1100 Sqm 1 3.91
(:3.2 Upto a water depth of 0.9m, and disposing upto a lead of 100 Sqmn 4.89
10111.
(:3.3 Beyond a water depth of 0.9rn, and disposing upto a lead 100 Sqm 8.85
of lOrn.
GI Clcani rig_of drains
Removal of silt, grass, weeds, litter, refuse, etc. or such Meter 0.05
other oblectionable materials from lined / unlined drains,
of \vidth not more than 0.6m and depositing with initial
lead upto I Om and lift upto 0.75m
i:t Cleaning of drains

Removal of silt, grass, \VCCdS, litter, refuse, etc. or such Meter 0.05
other objectionable materials from lined / unlined drains,
of \Vidth not more than 0.6m and depositing with initial
lead upto tOrn and lift upto 0.75m. Fxtra for work under
foul or hazardous conditions. (Rate is over
corresponding basic item C4)
Clean ng of road sides and public places

Cleaning of road sides and public places by removal of 100 Sc1m 3.2-1
grass, \veeds. litter, garbage, etc. and disposing at a lead of
lOm.
ili .ltiOflS 29
Si. No. Code D escription . La h jur in

L nit
(25a person (lays
I xtra: Cleaning of road sicks and public places
Cleaning of road sides and public places by renin \Ii 1(H) SJnl 1.60
grass, weeds, litter, garbage, etc. and disposing at .i kid
10111. Extra for work under foul or hazardouscoiidit
(Rate is over corresponding basic item C5)
6 C6 - Clcanin)fstreamS
Removal of rubbish, gnrl)age or such other objectioiLtl k
materials from beds of Streams upto 10111 lead and lift
upto 0.75m. Special care taken to avoid damage to flora
and fauna and vegetation on the banks.
(6. I In di-' condition

100 Sii
_________________________________________________________ 4
C6.2 In water of O.rn depth
100 Sjn H It)
C6.3 In Water of 1.0111 depth 100 Snn I '.)o
C6a I xtra:(leaning of streams
Removal OF rubbish, garbage or such other objectionable 100 Sm
ó
1.7))
materials from beds of streams upto 10111 lead. Special
care taken to avoid damage to flora and fauna and
vegetation on the banks. Extra for lifts exceeding initial
0.75m, for each additional increment of 0L75m or part
thercot. (Rate is over corresponding basic item C6. I.
1 06.2,C6.3)
C61)__— Extra: Cleaning of streams

Removal of rubbish, irbage or such other objectionable
100 51m 6.80
materials from beds of streams upto I Urn lead. Special
care taken to avold damage to flora and fiuna and 6
vegetation on the banks. I for work under 61.11 or
hazardous conditions. (Rate is over corresponding basic
item C6.1, C6.2.C6.3)
_______________ I
' 1 Cen tripetal Ierracin
I AR'1H\X'()RIK
I arth work excavation and depositing on a circular bank Me ter

0.09
on the periphery of a cross section of not less than
O.45m base width and O.30n1 maxirnunl height (measured
from within the excavation) with a radius of 2m from
tree trunk: including neat banking. in loose soil.
__I _
Specifications
30
1_,ahour in
-l. No. Code Description Lnit
person das
8 1-2 Rain \N ater pits
I work excavation For rain pits; in loose soil and all 10 Gum 6.41
kinds of soil; of \Vidth not less than 0L45m, length not
less than 0.90m and depositing within a lead of 21n on
the lower side of slope. Iipto a dcpth of 0.75m.
I 2a Extra: Rain Water pits

I arth work excavation tor rain pits; in loose soil and all 10 Gum 1.60
kinds of soil; of width not less than 0.4 Sm, length not
less than 0.90m and depositing within a lead of 2m on
the lower side of slope. I '.xtra for lifts exceeding initial
0.75m, for each additional increment of 0.73m or part
thercof. (Rate is over corresponding basic item 1.2).
I 3 Earth(n bunds
Preparation of earthen bunds in loose soil (of CrOSS Meter 0.11
section: 0.45m base width, 0.30rn average height) using
earth from higher side of slope, including neat banking
and consolidation.
II) I .I I) I)1,g,1r g and dcsilting of ponds: i)ry
I arthwork excavation, in loose soil and all kinds of soil,
of width and length not less than 1.5 m. With special care
taken to avoid damage to flora and fauna and vegetation
on the banks. For initial depth upto 0.75m, lead of
maximum lOm. In dry conditions.
I). I Small ponds (area not exceeding 25 Sc.1m), In all kinds of 10 Gum 3.16
soil
I I ).2 I argc ponds (area exceeding 25 Scm), In all kinds of soil 10 Gum 6.12
I •I 1 );i I .xtra: l)igging and desilting of small ponds: Dry

Earthwork excavation, in loose soil and all kinds of soil, 10 Gum 1.40
of width and length not less than 1 .3m. Extra for lifts
exceeding initial 0.75m, for each additional increment of
0.75m or part thereof. (Rate is over corresponding basic
item EID. 1 or E4112) and lead of maximum lOrn. In dry
conditions. \Vith special care taken to avoid damage to
flora and fauna and vegetation on the banks.
31
l. No. (ode I)escription I a I Hit I i• In

L mi
II (I.I\ S
I 4\V I)igging and desilting of ponds: \\ater
Lirthvork excavation, in ioose soil and all kinds of soil,
of width and length not less than I .5m. In under water
conditions, where the work is done by \vorkers standing
I
in \VatCr, With depth of \vater ranging between U. 10111 and
0.45m or saturated soils. For initial depth upto 0.75rn,
lead of maximum I Urn. With special care taken to avoid
damage to tlora and fauna and vegetation on the banks.
I\\. 1thll poids (area not excee(Iing 23 Sini) in all kinds of (

I 1 C ui n 3.19
soil
- I 'arge ponds (area exc(, eding 25 S1rn) in all kinds of soil 10 Curn 5.8 I
I -4\Va I 'xt ra:Dggn and dilti f d W

i:arthwor k excavati( n, ii loose soil and all kinds
tif St il, 10 Curn 1.30
of width and leneth not less than .1 .5111. In under water
conditions, \Vhere the \vork is done by \vorkers standing
in water, \vitli depth of \vater ranging between U. I Urn and
0.4511-1 or saturated soils. With special care taken to avoid
damage to flora and tauna and vegetation on the banks.
Fxtra tor lifts exceediiw initial 0.75m, for each additional
increinen t of 0.73rn or part thereoi (Rate is over
corresponding basic item I 4\V. I or I 4\V.2) and lead of
mixiiiiuni I Urn, with depth of water ranging between
0.10111 and 0.43111 after completion of dig(ing or desiltii ig.
I 31) l)esilting of lined irrigation canal: I)ry

1 Removal of silt (with less than 10% area under
10 Curn 3.39
grass/weed cover) from lined irriggtion canals, during
periods of no-flow, less than 0.1 m water depth. for
canals ol width not less than I .5m depositing on bank
with initial lead upto I Urn and lift upto 0.75 m. (If
grass/weed area exceeds what is stated here, such areas
iiiay he measured separately and the item of work for
grass cle:iring mae i)c operated.)
Specifications
32
( ,d. 1)escription Unit

Lal)our in
person days
I .5l )a lxtra: Desilting of lined irrigation canal: 1)ry
3 Rcrnoval of silt (with less than 10% area under 10 Gum I .I0
,
3 grass/weed cover) from lined irrigation canals, during
periods of no-flow, less than 0.1 m \vater depth, for
canals of width not less than 1 .5m depositing on bank
3 with uhf tal lead upto I Orri. I.xtra for lifts exceeding initial
0.75m, for each additional increment of 0.75m or part
thereof. (Rate is over corresponding basic item E5D)
' I I 1)esiltt g of small earthen channels

Removal of silt, grass, weeds, litter, etc. from unlined 10 Gum 6.03
, irription canals, of width not more than I .5m, water

(lepth not more than 0.!m and deposi ing on bank with
initial lead upto 2 m and lilt upto 0.75m.
I I tra: 1)esilting of small Earthen channels

Removal of silt,grass, weeds, litter, etc. from unlined 10 (urn 1.50
irrigation canals, of width not more than I 3m, water
depth not more than 0.lrn and depositing on bank with
initial lead upto 2m. I .xtra for lifts exceeding initial
0.75m, for each additional increment of 0.75rn or part
thereof. (Rate is over corresponding basic item E6)
. I : xtra: Desilting of small I arthen channels

Removal of silt.grass, weeds, litter, etc. from unlined 10 Gum 6.00
irrigation) canals, of width not more than I .5m, \vater
depth not more than 0.1rn and depositing on batik with
initial lead U1)t() 2m. Lxtra for work under foul or
hazardous conditions. (Rate is over corresponding basic
i tem 16)
' 17 1 )csilt ng_of small lined canals

Removal of silt from lined irrigation canals, no-flow, For
canals of width not more than 1 .5m, depositing on bank
10 Gum 7.37
\Vith initial lead upto 21n and lift upto 0.75m. (Special
care to he taken against flash floods)
kh I xt ra: 1)esilting of lined irrigation canal

Removal of silt from lined small irrigation canals, no- 10 Gum 1.80
flow, for canals of width not more than I .5m, depositing
on bank with initial lead upto 2m. lxtra for lifts
exceeding initial 0.75in, for each additional increment of
0L75m or part thereof. (];Lite is over corresponding basic
- -- teril
lii Ii imi 33
l. Code Description I ;ihcnir ii

nit
p(rs( )l1 (l:is
14 1:8 RcfTioval oF COconut ia1n I)Ottom.
Removal of all remains o f the bottom of a coconut palm. 10 Gum
21. I S
which IS left after the palm IS cut, by digging around it,
slicing using axes and crow-bars, etc. and stacking within
a lead of 'lOin. (Gutting of palm tree is not included).
15 E9 Format on of earthen roads

Dressing, levelling and filling earthen road surfaces, using 100 Srii I 7X0
new earth of average compacted thickness 0.1 5m: earth
brought by head load from a lead of not more than 3m.
I 'ilIiiiy with excavated earth shall he done in regular
horizontal layers each not exceeding 0.2m in depth. :\ll
lumps and clods exceeding 0.08m in any direction shall
he broken. Nacli layer shall be watered and consolidated.
The top and sides of filling shall he neatly di-essed.
16 1.10 Surtace ciressnig and Land levelling

SurIice dressing of the ground including removing 100 Siin 3.8$
vegetation and undulations not exceeding 0.1 3m deep
and disposal of rubbish, lead upto 10 rn and lift upto
0.75n'i.
17 [11 Jartli wot- k exCavaiion
Earth work in excavation by manual means in foundation 10 Gum 7.3$
trenches, drains, elephant trenches, new pond, canal, etc.,
including dressing of sides and ramming of bottoms, lift
upto 0.73m, including getting out the excavated soil and
disposal of surplus excavated soil as directed, \vithin a
lead of 1Dm in all kinds of soil.
F 11 a Extra: Earthwork excavation

Earth \vork in excavation by manual means in foundation 10 Gum 1.90
trenches, drains, elephant trenches, new pond, canal, etc.,
including dressing of sides and ramming of bottoms, lift
upto 0.75m, including getting out the excavated soil and
disposal of surplus excavated soil as directed, within a
lead of I Urn. I xtra for lifts exceeding initial 0.73m, for
each additional increment of 0.75m or part thereof. (Rate
is over corresponding basic item F.1 I)
Specifications
34
I .ahoui- in
1)cscription Lnit
I 12 I O( SCF ing of tel) soil

I .00sening of top soil to prepare for agriculture, manually
using hand tools such as spade, hoe, pick-axe, etc. upto a
depth of 0.20m breaking clods to sizes not more than
0.0811-1 in any direction.
1"12.1 Dry soil 100 Sqrn 4.07
112.2 Saturated soil 100 Sqrn 5.86
I' ( onica heaping of top soil

I .xcavation of top soil upio a depth of 0.2rn and heapmg 10 Gum 3.04
it in conical formations of average height of 0.6m.
1.1 Repair Of earthen l)uflds

Adding or removal of extra earth from existing earthen Meter
bunds with neat banking, in layers of thickness not more
than 0.20m.
IS l)csilti g_of streams
Removal of silt from beds of streams, with special care
taken to avoid damage to Liora and fauna, upto I Urn lead
and lilt of 0.75rn
In dry condition 10 Gum 3.50
in \vater of 0.5m depth 10 Gum 3.08
1.1 3.3 in water of 1 .Om depth 110 Gum 6.69
I I xtra: )esiltiiig of streams
Removal of silt from beds of streams, with special care 10 Gum 0.90
taken to avoid damage to tora and fauna. upto I Orn lead.
Ixtra for lifts exceeding initial 0.75m, for each additional
increment of 0.75m or part thereof. (Rate is over
corresponding basic item Ii 15.1)
I I_'illing ising available earth

I 1lling available excavated earth (exclu(Iing rock) in
trenches, plinth, sides of foundations etc. in layers not
exceeding 0.2m iii depth, lead upto I Urn and lift upto
0.75m in Al kinds of soil.
Consolidating each deposited layer L' ramming and 10 Gum 3.90
watering.
I. I (.2 \Xnithout ramming, for plantation. 10 Gum 2.33
1,114 ,1 III( ,ititi' 35

4
l \, 0 )dc Description LAIXAir Hi
Unit
person days
I 6.1 Ixtra:tilling using aV:iil;ll)le earth
I illin avaikil )le excavated earth (excluding rock) iii 10 (um 1.00
trenches, plinrh, sides of foundations etc. in Livers not
exceeding 0.20rn in depth, consolidating each deposited
4
layer by ramming and \vatering, lead Upto I Urn in all
kinds of soil. Uxtra for lifts exceeding initial 0.751n, for
each additional Increment of 0.7.5m or part thereot (Rate
4
is over corresponding l)asic item 16. 1)
23 F 17 Ceo textiles for grassing

I atying and tixing otgeotexiiles on cleaned and even 100 Srn 16.05
slopes ftr planting of grass using metal nails or
vooden/baniboo pegs at an interval of - 0.3m to 0.75111.
All matci-ials to he paid for separately.
I 10R1ICL:1 .TURF .•\1) I .ANl)SCAP]N
2.1 131 l3io fencing

Preparation of plant cuttings of length 1 .Stn, planting in \ ktcr I 0.1 71
jits of O.3m depth and upto 0.073rn diameter at a
spacing of 0.3m. torming of hund of 0.3m base \Vidill
and 0.2m height, bracing and horizontal tics at two levels
using plant cuttings, tied with coir. Cost of coir to he
paid separately.
25 132 Turting c
Remove debris, litter, Stones and earth clods larger than 101) S1ni 6.18
0.02m in any direction trorn the surficc. 'l'op soil should
he loosely turned over and ideally 0.1 Sm thick good soil
r
is required for laying the turti Once the soil has been C.
loosened, it should he lightly compacted by walking over
the whole area. Level the surface by raking. \Vater the
surface for a couple of days before laying the turil Start C
laying the rurves preterabi along a straight edge, butting
closely end to end. On subsequent rows, stagger the
joints, Lightly firm do\vn the turves with the head of a
C
rake or piece of \vood to ensure good contact l)et\veen
the lurves and the soil. c
26 B3 Stone_pitching for terrace walls

4
Dry stone pitching to construct steep terrace retaining / 100 Sqm I 3-1.30
leaning walls of 0.2m average thickness including grading,
backfill behind etc. to ensure drainage, preparing surface
complete, not exceeding a height of 0.751n, slope r
hctveen 90 and 60 degrees to the horizontal. Cost of
stone and any other materials not included.
Specifications C
36
S
IV ' smsss* MPfi'S -
C-sta s.aicv Hign rances Kuttanac

Mthanc so type
C
o
C
)
L. C C _) C C
a)
o
V)
C °
0
V) E °
0 G)
E
0
E
0
E
0
E
Row Labels C E C E C E c E C E C E
o 0 0 0 0 Z3 0
1Clearing grass 1.17 1.26 0.97 1.45 1.15 1.18 0.96 1.17 0.83 1.01 0.78 0.90
2 Clearing Bushes 0.92 1.02 1.01 1.09 0.90 0.93 0.96 1.13 0,91 0.98 0.85 1.09
3 Removal of floating materials 1.04 1.08 1.13 1.17 1.40 1.44 0.96 0.99 0.89 0.91 1.05 1.09
4 Cleaning of drains 0.87 0.94 0.83 1.03 0.75 0.78 0.86 1.37 0.99 1.58 0.77 0.96
5 Cleaning of road sides and public places 0.80 Lii 0.88 1.22 0.78 1.07 1.15 1.34 1.07 1.11 0.86 1.19
6 Cleaning of streams 0.77 1.06 0.73 1.01 0.97 0.99 0.98 1.35 1.34 1.38 0.75 1.03
7 Centripetal Terracing 1.24 1.33 0.86 1.07 0.75 0.77 0.85 1.13 0.73 0.97 0.95 1.36
8 Rain water pits 1.40 1.51 0.78 0.92 0.67 0.79 1.24 1.47 1.07 1.26 0.99 1.17
9 Earthen bunds 1.09 1.24 1.02 1.16 0.91 1.04 0.85 1.19 0.73 1.18 1.18 1.35
10 Digging and desilting of ponds: Dry 0.82 1.47 0.92 1.38 0.75 1.23 0.76 1.01 0.79 0.87 0.89 1.60
11 Desilting of lined irrigation canal: Dry LOS 1.13 0.94 1.17 0.86 1.19 0.92 0.95 0.79 0.82 0.88 1.21
12 Desilting of small earthen channels 1.24 1.36 1.14 1.22 1.07 1.27 0.51 0.59 0.62 0.71 1.17 1.42
13 Desilting of small lined canals 0.88 0.89 1.09 1.10 1.34 1.37 0.86 0.91 0.74 0.78 1.07 1.16
14 Removal of coconut palm bottom. 1.05 1.09 1.14 1.18 1.41 1.45 0.96 0.99 0.83 0.86 1.06 1.10
15 Formation of earthen roads 0.87 1.42 1.05 1.29 0.871 1.14 1.19 1.491 1.03 1.28 0.93 1.09
16 Surface dressing and Land levelling 1.30 1.40 1.34 1.67 1.661 1.74 0.57 0.601 0.49 0.521 0.83 1.05
17 Earth work excavation 1.28 1.50 0.88 1.07 0.731 0.90 1.04 1.14 1.26 1.38 1.27 1.54
18 Loosening of top soil 1.02 1.10 0.82 1.18 1.011 1.10 0.93 1.23 0.80 1.06 0.95 1.37
19 Conical heaping of top soil 1.05 1.09 1.14 1.18 1.41 1.451 0.96 0.99 0.83 0.86 1.06 1.10
20 Repair of earthen bunds 1.00 1.33 0.82 1.09 0.76 1.01 1.10 1.45 1.03 1.36 1.05 1.39
21 Desilting of streams 0.80 1.19 0.92 1.37 0.81 1.20 0.96 1.421 0.91 1.34 0.84 1.25
22 Filling using available earth 1.18 1.29 0.96 1.06 0.77 0.85 0.96 1.061 1.11 1.22 1.03 1.13
23 Geo textiles for grassing 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.16 1.15 1.19 0.95 0.98 0.81 0.84 1.04 1.08
24 Bio fencing 1.05 1.08 1.14 1.17 1.08 1.11 0.96 0.99 0.83 0.85 1.06 1.09
25 Turfing 0.96 1.27 0.78 1.04 0.921 1.21 1.04 1.38 1.08 1.43 1.00 1.32
26 Stone pitching for terrace walls 0.87 1.20 0.77 1.05 1 0.841 1.141 1.13 1.27 0.97 1.09 0.93 1.28
Ratios 36
Time and Motion data
Northern
Maayoram Onattu kara Southern mid
midland Palakkad plains Red loam
land
C C
o C C
0 0 C
0\owLaels
I ki o E 0 0 0 a o 0
L.
c tA
ç o 0 0
0 E E E
0 0 E E
(I-) __ __ 0 0 0 E
lClearinggrass CM
099 128 199205 076
2 Clearing Bushes 078 087 090 087 090
0.89 07408
1.15 1.15 1.28 0.93
3 Removal of floating materials 1.10 1.14
0.96 0.96 1.34 0.91 - 1.06 0.88 1.03
0.92 0.95 0.93 0.96 1.05
4 Cleaning of drains 1.09 1.00 1.04 0.67 0.69
0.86 1.10 1.22 - 1.37 -1.61 - 1.65 0.76 0.95 0.87 - 1.12 0.82
5 Cleaning of road sides and public places o.i 1.59
1.26 0.82 1.04 0.86 - 0.94 0.80 1.10 0.84
6 Cleaning of streams 1.14 0.99
- 0.81 1.04 _1.52 1.76 0.90 0.98 - 0.83 1.15
1.44
7 Centripetal Terracing 0.79 1.02 0.94 1.11
8 Rain water pits
_1.04_ 1.31 1.12. - 0.79 0.82 0.97 1.22 0.98 1.22 0.90
- 1.26 1.62 0.66 0.78 0.63 0.75 0.97
1.17
9 Earthen bunds
0.98 1.12 0.65 0.79 0.63
1.14 0.97 1.15 - 1.501.23
0.82 1.06 1.21 1.19 1.35 - 1.12 - 1.28
10 Digging and desilting of ponds: Dry 0.81 1.33
11 Desilting of lined irrigation canal Dry
0.87 1.18 0.91 0.98 -0.80 1.44 0.89 -1.61 - 0.84 1.52
0.69 0.86 1.25
12
1.55 0.86 1.18 0.98 - 1.35 0.99 1.36 0.84 1.15
1.09 1.39
13 cana
1.16 1.39 0.88 1.06 - 1.01 1.21 1.01 1.21 1.02 1.46
0.85 1.18 1.17 1.19 0.89 0.90 1.02 1.04
14 Removal of coconut palm bottom. - 1.11 1.15 0.92 0.96 0.93
1.02 1.04 1.01 - 1.10
0.96 1.06 1.09 1.01 1.04
15 Formation of earthen roads 0.68
1.04 - 1.29 0.83 1.13 i58 0.75 - 0.80
0.70
16 Surface dressing and Land levelling - 0.86 - 1.11 0.79 1.59
1.02 0.78 0.97 - 0.91 1.61
1.10 1.15 1.52 1.90 1.52
17 Earth work excavation 1.90 0.78
- 0.85 1.01 0.76 1.13 0.63 0.82 0.95 - 1.18
0.99
18 Loosening of top soil
- 0.67 0.87 0.84 - 1.68 1.14
0.96 1.20 0.81 - 0.98
1.18 0.86_ 1.23 0.89 1.15 0.75
19 Conical heaping of top soil - 1.11 1.15 0.92 0,96
1.25
20 Repair of earthen bunds 0.92
0.93 0.96 1.06 1.09 -1.01 1.04 0.68 0.70
1.22 0.70 0.93 0.67 0.89
21 Desilting of streams 1.02 1.36 1.03 1.36 0.73
0.74 0.97
1.09 0.79 1.16 0.81 1.20
22 Filling using available earth 0.82 1.21 0.82 1.22 0.88
1.08 1.31
1.19 0.82 0.90 0.67 0.73
23 Geo textiles for grassing 1.20 1.32 1.20 1.32 0.86
1.131 0.94
1.45 0.91 0.94 0.92 0.95
24 Bio fencing
1.11 1.15
1.04 1.08 0.99 1.02 - 0.80 0.82
25 Turfing
0.92 05 0.93 0.96 .
106 .
109 1.01 1.04 0.81 0.83
0.88 1.16 0.67 - 0.88 00 1.06 0.97 1.29 0.98 1.30 0.70
26 Stone pitching for terrace walls 0.92
1.10 1.57 0.78 - 1.09 0.74 1.01 0.87 1.20 0.92 1.27 0.75 - 1.0j
Ratios
.I r.r1 •r.- r. '1Ir) - -- 37

SI No I'ancha at name Agro-Eco1oca1 Zone,

1 A ml )OO1 Malavoram
2 Anadu Mala'orarn
3 :\nchutl engu Southern midland
1 lAndoorikonam Southern midland
S Aruvikk ra 1alavorain
6 Aryanad i________________________________________ Malayoram
7 l Aryaliccdc Malayoram
K .:\thivui 001 Red loam
() Azhoor Southern midland
10 1 alaram puram Red loam
I (Thernrr ruthi Southern midland
12 Chcrikal Red loam
13 Chcrui ivur Southern midland
1.1 (Thiravit kcczhu Southern midland
IS I d;iva Southern midland
10 I lakam n Southern midland
17 kadakk ivoor Southern midland
18 Kadina ikularn Southern midland
I ) K alla ra r Ialayo ram
2(1 Kal Ii ka c Ma IavC) ram

21 Kallivo r Red loam
22 Kanjira vtkulam Red loam
2 Karak u am Maktyoram
2.1 Karava a.in Southern midland
2a Karode Red loam
26 Karum :ulam Red loam
27 Kat mak ada Malayoram, Red loam
28 Kazhal koottim Southern midland
29 Kilima oor Southern midland
S (t Kizhu ilam Southern midland
Malavoram, Red loam
2 Kottul at Red loam
33 Kudap anakkunnu Southern midland
31 Kulath aor Red loam
3S Kurt ta hu kal Malavoram
36 Kuttic at Malayoram
I 3/ I adiv )or Southern midland
Red loam
38 .\ lalayi tkeezhu
I V) Manai ipoor Southern midland
11) \ 1an apuram Southern midland
II Manik al Malavoram
12 Maran illoor \1alavoram. Red loam
1.1 IMLIdal kal Southern midland
I N ;itam )or Southern midland
1 Naimi odc Malayoram
- lo Navay kkulam Southern midland
Il N ella i adu Southern midland
Iiiii,itir /O1)CS I Thiruvananthapuram

I1

4,
Si No anchayat name Agro-Eco1ocaj Zone

4$ Ott; ckl trarnariglarn
I;il;lvor;tm
49 (tr or
Su th (rn Ii id lw ci
50 Pallichal
Rcd I( )arn
i1 Pa Uickal
on tli c m micilarid —
52 Panavoo r
l;iLi or. rn —
53 Pangodu
I;tlavoran'i
5-4 I arasaIa
Rcd 1 )Efl
D Pali:iaku in ur nrncl
th crt midland —
56 Pcmiii mrnrnai
lll:Ivor-am
D/ Pcrumkadavia
Ikivorani
38 Poovacl ial
' Ialt r;lifl
59 Ikvir
Rcd l')am
60 Potharikodc'
Outl1crii midland —
61 PUIiILII hu
otrtlnmn mid land
62 Pulkunpara
talivomirn
63 Srcckaryani
))uudlcrn midland
64 ihimupurirn
Rd lOJlfl
65 iIiolikkod
lalavur-ini
66 L1zh;rmalackal
\r lrTi
67 \ak karii
)ocitlicmn niidkirid
6$ \72111anapclram
oiithemn midland
69_— \att ivo rktvu
Sou then i midland
7(1 Vclljnadu
\lalivoramn
71 \cllarada
Jako (r;iiii
72 Vcrnl>avarn
[ala) orani
73 Veriganoor
74 \cttoor
Southc-rii midland
75 — \rlappil
1\ Ildy( )rin r
76 Viiavoonkkal
Red If 'am
77__— Vithura
\ ih injam
1cd k)aiil
Agroclimatic zones
Thiruvananthapuram
39
SI No Paiichayat name Agro-Ecological Zone

\dichai Ill( >1- Soutllcrn midland
- ' Ia ppa Onttukara
\ lava iiI( n . Ealayorarn
1 \i 1(1ial \ laI\Orari1
\ van vu Malavoran-i
(i ( ;hadav, iiianglairi Southcrti midland
/ ( jiailiu noor Southern midland
s ( ;li;ivat, Onattukara
) Cliii har Southern midland
I I) I ast K lada Southern midland
I I ickal Malayoram
I . I :laniad i ,OUtl1e1l) midland
- I I J;impa loom Southern midland
\-i alavo ram
- I- I "AlLik(Al Soutlict-11 midland
10 It l'iva Southern midland
I1 Kadakk ii Southern midland
18 l<alluva hukkal Southern midland
() l'- iraval )or !'\IalaV)rafli
l'.iieep a Southcrn nudland
I l<ani na apallv Onattukara
()nattukara
. Itan kara Southern midland
2.I kottar ±ua Southern midland
ktIakk da Southern midland
26 kulasel harapuram Onattukara
21 I\ullth puzlia \falayoiaii
-_ kaindr SOL.1thern midland
) kunflalhoor SOLIthern midlandland
l) \lantr( iliuruthu Southern midland
I Mayvar adu Southern midland
2 \Ielila Malayoram
13 .\tvlam Southern midland
3.1 \lynag pally Onattukara
I 1i
6
>'cdun pana
Neduv thoor
Southern midland
Southern midland
S 37 Ncend kara Onattukara
3 )
Nhmc
( )ch iia
Southern midland
Onattukara
is II) Pana\l 11 Southern nidIand
.11 Panma ia Onattukara
.12 Pat han ipuram .\ lalavoram
1.3 Partazl i Malavoram
-I Pattazi ivadakkekkara \lalamam
1 Southern midland
If Pavirhi es\val-am
t
I 16
17
Perm-,im
Peru ia u
Southern midland
South en i midland
) 40
Iii tialic zones Kol lain
SI No Panchayat name Agro-Ecological Zone

48 Piri yin tho r \ hil:iv r.i in
19 I:)otl1akuItm 5 )liIIlern midktrid
30 Poovippt11v Southern rindkirici
SI Poruvjzlu outherri riiidl;tnd
32 Sitst h.irnkot t iii hem rnidIind
53 So ruLrdu ou ti rem 1111(11,111d
54 Soormadu Nc rth ou them midktnd
3 lhakivoor .\ 1;tklV( )tJifl
56 11aI1a\-;t ( )ir,rt ttikjr.t
37 Ihckkuinhjrip-arn ( )n,irtukam;i
58 fhcnmi11 :\ Lilav ram
39 'I'hcvaI;ikktra ()n,ittuk,ir:i
60 'I'hodivoo r ( )nattukiri
61 Ihrikkadavooi- Sou them midland
62 Ih rikkam va So it h cur mid land
63 1'h rik vilvatt( )m or iii rem mid land
64 L'mmannoor Sour hem midland
65 \clinalloor Southern midland
66 Vcliyam Southern midland
67 \ttikk,ivala .\I:ila\'Crain
68 Vikikkudv MaLivorull
69 1 \\ est kallada Southern midland
Agroclimatic zones Kollam

IIIppc ci iu pvltJliupi i_iota
I'aiieliaat nai ic Agro-Ecological Zone

I ( )U Ihcrn iluid Land
\riil .ilIl)UzlLi ' ortli Ccostal Sarld\
\inH.iIi1ijzlua nitli Coastal S.iiud\ '
Onatruktra
(;istil sandy
\ Lii iv Coastal sandy
\ dii Coastal saiidv
Southcin nuidland
I hull Lull )or uoutlmrn midlani..i
I (MIlU 1L11h1 ui1i11 Coastal Sandy

liu'iuitluula-ll ril)l)C11111t1u (.)iiatttikara
liii II 111.111 Onattukara
I iuuviivadu South(rn midland
Iuiiili.uli sotttl (oastal siiclv
.1 liii 1.11 ()ivattikara
Iii I Lu I lila: Onattukara
iii iii l v ( )riat tiikar:i
liii iils La r;i ,ouitlierii rruidlaiid
v iLiil,uiiara Onattukara
I I'uttanad
I uui ui in:i Coastal sandy
)iu:ittil:ira
.1 I, ILiiippa v (;istal Sandy
I, .111 uiLuiy F'uttaivad
.1111 lilli ()ivattu_ikara
Coastal saiidv
Onattukara
I ii v. i.0 Coastal sandy
I .11 ,uI,iiui l'._uttanad
liii ii lii uu•ui I u Coastal sandy
ku;liiuupiii.um ()nittiikara
l iii i.ii.upi I rn Oivattukara
ff Coastal sandy
Liii I uiy,i iii du
lull: i(l:cry Coastal sandy
\l,uiin,u: outhcrn midland
\lauariLiil,im ort'h Coastal sandy
lii ,tiil5iilinu otith Coastal Sandy
\ I.iilil h,ir:i 1 hamarakuLim Southern midland
vIil, L.ii.0 '1 hckkekkara C)natrukara
\Iu than ilL Coistal sandy
I I a Is Lii I Southern midland
Onattukara
\IiiiI,u Kuttanad
liii I Coastal sandy
ii ipLil )ii• kut tanad
"It i LR Iii Southern midland
Southern midland
uUij1 ii In Onattukara
I I I I i C c*I IU iV?%J%.IJI I
Si No Panchayat name Agro-Ecological Zone

50 1 iuia va Ily Cwstal smiciv
3I Pandati:idu Southern niidkirid
52 P-itkuvour ()nitti.ikari
53 1ttanak kidu c:istaI sa ndv
SI Perumi a1m ( ;i sindv
sS Uulinkuiinu kiLt tatiad
36 Pu Ii0 Ir Southeni n ud kind
37 Punnapra \orth ( oastai sandy
.58 Pu nuapra South (; - J sa tidy
59 Purakkadu Coastal sandy
60 Ia nia ii Li ry Ku t ta na d
61 lliaikkatiissei-v (uastal sand
62 iha I\t/ h Ku ttanad
63 rh;iLi'adi I<utranad
64 II uincermukkam Coistal sandy
65 'lhazhakkaia t tLI Lana
66 li ruvanva tidoor Southern mid land
67 Thrikkunnappuzh;i ( )nat tuk:ira
68 iliuravoor Cwsiad sandv
69 \i Ilik ku nnu Southern midland
70 \avalar (Ioaseil sandy
7I \ ceva pura ni Oi iatt ukara
72 Vclivanaclu Kutianad
73 \cnmoricv Southern midland
p Time and Motion data
lNo Panchayat hame Agro-Ecological Zone

\i ILIk.Idc Southern midland
1,1 Illiul,i Southern midland
\ ii IV,iiI1 )tI LI 1 Mahiyram
a- Southern midland
(:11(1 iii--kI-u-a ,OUtl1etTi midland
.1(11 1k lc Southern midland
I I it Iii' \1'ilaVOtiifl
I ________Iii nang lam Malayoram

.i•,it hi i\ lalayorarn
p I il 1,1111m toor
i
Southern midland
\EaIay:)rain
I /II,1ii)kiil
11,1111 hI I( Southern midland

liv i1vri a )i Southern midland
I( LII liftin du Southern midland
h\ •I1li[)ll l-'uttanad
K. 11.1 I ( )1 Nialavorarn
l .11111 l Pl ía Southern midland
LV IV' 'C Southern midland
l\I 1(1111111 III lalayoran
a1 ira iii Southern midland
l\C '11111 Malavoram
I\( II I,Ii).idLi Southern midland
''11.11 i,:il Southern midland
l. i zl uI ich rrv Southern midland
l\IlI,IILIda Southern midland
K I IIIIL1I1itI anam Southern midland
I'. 1111111 Ci Southern midland
I .Il.Iv, Ilapl u/ha Malayoram
Suthern niidlarid
\ l,illaipnz iassery Southern midland
\ IIwvcli Southern midland
Malayorarn
N Liii 1,11)11 ()OZhi Malayoram
N ill li;i ft ni Southern midland
Ndiiiii1ir iii kuttanad
N Ii,lIi,Lm kuttanad
)nilll air Southern midland
l',Illikkil Southern midland
'Ii 1 luLl I) Southern midland
'uIillII,LI 11 Ihekkekkara Southern midland
I '(ill Lt';Ir;l l'uttanad
Malavoram
I I 11111 LI I )ili Southern midland
R;Iulilu cIa1avoram
IIuIni__\rt;idi Nlalayoram
I Ru 1111
RIl 1111
Ri Iiavaiigadi
l' iIIliildli
Malayoram
Nialavoram
Path a na mth itta 44

I\iL 1 liii uul i( /1)1
Agrodimatic zones
Pathanamthjtta
45
INu I'ancha at name Agro-Ecological Zone

\ ii u ia n Southcrn midland
\k,dakk iniiaiii r\laliy)rani
\r )()k ini Southcrn midland
- \1161-alr pu/ha Sou them midland
\yarkki inuii \'[alayoran
Malay()rani
:Iitill) I Coastal sandy
H ( tiir,ikk idavu \lalavoram
I lilclul Nlalav()rarn
I r;I (1 tip -tta Malayoram
H I ii tint-I \1alarairi
I) I I I. 11mil loor Malavo ram
IS l;I1LI iu \Ialavoran
II K.I(hpk nattoni 1alayoran
l',i liii Ii tin thy )OUthCrn midland
ii l<:illira Southern midland
1/ k.iii.ikk try \la1avoran
H l\atli,t/. Li \ Ialayurarn
l's.itljti'i );tlly i\llayrarri
l.ir it- J\IaLiyoran
'I l it ka hal southern midland
l\id,til )Oi i\Talayoran
i\ lalavo ram
'I I'-.i it til kkal Iligh ranges
.' K i,.hit anal Malavoram
K ii nan kam Coastal sandy
/ K i III mr nalloor Southern midland
:1 K' ii.ivtl iiiadu Malaram

t K ii ri Ii Southern midland
5(1 \ tuLip1 adu outIiemn midland
SI \ I ii iii n ila Malayoram
I- Soutjicrn niidland
.\ liii n;i kkad Soutlicn'i midland
\ laniii at tupally MaLivorain
S \Iuriv ithuruthu Coastal sandy
S' \hmn;i hil \Ialaran-i
/ N I (tiLt lani Southern midland
'H \h-liuk ti Maiyoram
Si - \t,lkl tiLtin Central .\lidland
\ltind. kayam I ugh ranges
\liinni ivu Malavoram
\lt iii, V \Ial:ivorani
I \.III.Ik tm Southern midland
I Nc tin Ikkullimill Southern midland
Southern midland
It \J_oZl ( Ct CF Sotithemn midland
I: l',iIItHk It i hodu \lalavoram
III lintitli' Kottayarn 46

SINo Panchayat name

groEco1ogièal Zone
4$ Rnipadv
49 Iuiacljkkaij
Souti crn 'nidlaiid —
.50 Parathod_
— Mialivorant
5! PavlMOU
"outhrn rnidJiitd —
52 P(X)fljar
\ liLnorani —
53 POO11jlr-!l1(kk(JJ.Ira
\ialvuint) —
4 Puthuppal!v
outhcrn iiiidland —
t5 uraill
\lal:,vorlrfl
56 '1. V. Puram
(;oast;il sandy —
7 Iltalanad
— \Ialavorain
5$ fhalappalarn
\Ialayoriuii
59 lI1a!a\1>dlant
;oistrl sandy
60 Il:1)1 )!aparanpu —
Coastal sandy
6 Jltc:ckov
.\ lalavorant
62 liticlanad
— .\ litlivoram
63 lii ruvarppu
cidicrn nticlarid —
64 TJtrtkkodithanan
outhcrii midland —
65 Lda'anapuran
Coastal sandy -
66
67
L1 z1iavoot-
\ kithaiiit
- Malay ram
)(JU tIl Cr11 iTlidla rid
4
6$ \zhappally
SOUdICI-11 i riid Ii nd —
69 \az!ioor
\Iala\oranl
70 \cchoor
(ajs ta! sandy
71 Vcliyanno(-)i-
— vlalavorim
72 \cllavoor
iN !alavoran
73 \clloor
Central .\Iidkind —
74 \ii\1p)urfl-
\ Ia lavorant
Agroclimatjc zones
Kottaya m
Pancha (at name - Agro-Ecological Zone

\dunali I ugh ranges
\vvap p ii coil I ligli ranges
Uisotiva ly I ugh r:ingeS
Iiakku ,aIlani I-Iih ranges
litniial ,iniI I ugh ranges
I it t a\a I Ite,Ii rangeS
lv I ugh ranges
I\atlChli ar I ligli ranges
I\arItlLl loor 1 1ii,li ranges
I h<.it-uiia u.rani
kat tap! iria
1-high ranges
High ranges
I 1\*()kkay is I ugh ranges
koiiiia iadv 1 hgh ranges
\Iaiikul tin I ugh ranges
;iray() )r II ighi ranges
I Lii\I Ii r;lifl II igh ranges
\hLinILl I ugh i ranges
Nedun kandam II igIl ranges
I .iIIivas ii I ugh ranges
I taiiipa umpara 1-high ranges
I tcr in ade I ugh ranges
I 1c ruva tliaiiaiii I I i,Ii iange
Rikk (I I high ranges
1,itkui iat-i I ligh iincs
S;itit ha para I ligh ranges
Sn;tpa hi I figh ranges
I diinil anchola I high ranges
\ indar nlcdu 11 igh ranges
\ ,indi1 crivar I ugh ranges
Va1111kildv I ugh ranges
\ a I lay di 1-I igh ranges
\c.IIatI naval I ugh ranges
.\rakul mi \1aIavoram
I Iipp ra I high ranges
I dti k k i I<u iji kuzh v Nfalayorani
Kiii in ii noor \ Ialayoram
$ I\tHniI hugh ranges
I - I dun ia n noor
I ppul tara
Malayorarn
I ugh ranges
- \uin t.iram I ugh ranges
\izIi:i hope \Ialayoram
\Iikk de Ia]ayoram
I d,ivct y \ Ikllayorant
ululim lalaynrarn
V tdi k ulain \ lalavorain
t - ki ida arhoor
K tin anlingalatn
lalavoram
Ialayoram
I I Itt Ii /1)1 Idukki

SI No Panchayat name Agro-Ecologicaj Zone

-48 I\'lanakkad i'vlalayorarn
49 r\1uttorn i'1abiyoran
50 Ikirapuzha .vtala'orarn
51 lVellipmattom i\1akiyo rain
Agroclimatic zones Idukki

49
'I Nu I.inch yat name Agro-Ecological Zone

\ Liii id (;enttil .\lidland
\l.11ii,l ( entral \Iicll'ind
\i 1 llIl r (cntral Midland
\i .iLiizl a \Ialayora111
wwr (itial \IidLind
'I f Ialayoratn
Lilayor;uii
\v .iiui uzha Central NflAind
.1 ilLin in ((istl] sandy
hl ti, inangalam (;istal sandy
lnin ii:iiiad (;cntrii \lidland
illtir (ioastal sandy
J itti it ikara Coastal sandy
(II ri iiikkai-a (;ci-ltrll Midland
(111 11.1 iikkara (entiil \Eidland
iLL, ii tiva\'al Central Midland
I lii ha a (;enttil \Iidlancl
I .d.iv,i, akkadc Coastal sandy
Coastal sandy
I (;c'it'i- tl \li(Ilalld
3
I
I 'liiLL ira Coastal sandy

Central iMidland
K i Lii akktid Coastal sandy
I Kal Inn allur Central Midland
3 ill , k Lade
(cntral \Iidland
.\IiIa)O!lI11
ij ti- Centi-al Midland

I- ii Li ii (;(ilt1il Midland
I\ai'iIi alloor Central Midland
kiv,iL iwide I figh ranges
((Iii 1para \Ialayorarn
KttiIi iLid Central Midkind
l\ iil kainbalani Central Midland
I atttilulaiii (entral Midland
v P padv idland
(cii tral Midland
K ia padi .\ lalavoram
K tin ally Coastal sandy
kiinii alani Coastal sandy
Kiiinl alangy Coastal Sandy
K iiiiii i hunadu Central Midland
K ititi ikara Central Midland
ipuzha II igh ranges
- Kiizh ippiI Coastal sandy
\l,iliv iii( I( )NNeClCs\ViraiT1 (;cntral \Eidland
\lan -d Ccii tral i\ I idlan d
\Ijj. lh r \Ialayorani
\ ljj. I-ta (I;enti-al \ I idland
'i.t.,.Iiiii.$it /tIii. Eranaku lam 50


1$ laradit (]smldv
i) \lai-a€]v \ lal,iv
iii
3(1 \ Iazhuvaiinoor ( ral \ lidlartd
51 \took]annut- Central Mkll;nd
52 .\ lud:ikuzlia Cciii ral MEdhild
53 .\ In Liii thuruthy Central \ I idland
l \lulavukade ( oistal saiidv
)) \l\ar-an-il)aLii11 (istal suidv
36 \Cdurr1l)asscr-y (cn tral .\ lidland
57 ".elI ikkuzh i i\ Ia] ayoran i
5$ "jarakka1 Coastal Sandy
59 Ockal Central .\ hikind
60 1ainoti iii \ Ll1\Orarn
61 1 aipri falavoram
62 1 >a]akuzha \ laL IV( rani
63 Palkiirnanpalam i\ IiLi
61 1 I1lhPPIlui1i ( ( 115 talsandy
65 Pampakuda Central lid land
66 Parakkadavu Central Midland
67 Pindii nana .\ lalavoram
6$ Piravarn Central .\ lidland
69 Poothrjkka Central MICILtild
70 Pothanik kadc \ I a lav rani
71 Puthenvc]jkai-a Central \Iidland
72 RarnamangiIani Central lidland
73 Ravarnanglarn Central .M idland
74 Srecrn olanairam Ccii ira] .\ fidland
75 Thirumarady Cent ral .\ lidland
76 l'li inivaniyoor Central \ lidland
77 ihiruvankukni Central :\lidkind
7$ Ihrikkakara Coastal sand
79 Ihuravoor Central Midland
80 Ldavaniperur Central .\Iidland
$1 Vadakkekkara Coastal sandy
82 Vadavucode-Put]i(nk,.irislj Central Midland
$3 \ al iakkulani Central \ lid land
84 Valakani 'vlala'oraii
$3 \'arappct ty \ Ialayorani
$6 Varapuzha Coastal sandy
87 \ engola
Central MiclLind
8$ \cngo( r - Central ,\ lidland
Agroclimatic zones Eranaku lam 51

a-
I No Panch at name Agro-Ecological Zone

I \dat Central Midland
a >'agir 7'Jalayoan
\lur Central \lidland
I \iuiani nada Central Midland
\iithikl ad Central Midland
( \ricnpo x Central Midland
/ .\thirap Al). Malayoram
\van tic or Central N41cilatid
\ ii) 1SS rv Central -Midland
II Cha/.hoor (cntral Midland
II Chelak ant Malayorarn
12 Chcrpp i Central Midland
I I (loon al Central Midland
I (.lowv n nut- Central Midland
I I )esam; ngilam Cen i ral Midland
10 I dathit ithy Coastal sandy
17 I davila itu (;oastiI Safldy
rj I I la'ill' Central Midland
9 I 'ngan ii.ir Coastal sandy
I - I
.() I - jvd
I li-utna CI O'
Coastal sandy
Cc-ritral Midland
22 Kadan ode Central Midland
- 23 Kadapj uram Coastal sandy
2•I Kadav. Ilur Coastal sandy
25 Kaduk t tv Central Midland
26 Kaipar ml) Central Midland
27 Kaipp nangalam Coastal sandy
28 Kanda ;tssery Central Midland
29 Karalat Central Midland
1() Kattak mpal Coastal sands'
II l'-attur Central Midland
12 Kodak ra Central Midland
.1.1 Kodas cry Malayoram
II KolazI v Central Midland
35 Kollcfil xlly . Nlalayorarn
16 l-.ora it N talayoram
37 Kuzh u - Ccii tral Ni idland
38 \Iadak ;atliara (1c1Dtral Midland
39 Mlala Central Midland
10 Nlallajlir ;cit:rtl Midland
II N Iatliil kani Coastal sandy
.12 NIat tat iur MalavoranD
3 Nlclur Nialayoram
II Nietha a Coastal sandy
IS M1iIan kunnathukavu Central Midland
16 MulI;t ery Central Midland
17 \IulIo )rkara N Ialayoram
III italic zones Thrissur 52

SI No Panchayat name I
Agro-Ecological Zone
4$ \ lundathjkod
( tral .\ lidlind
49 Mu nyad
(cn tral .\ lid land
50 Nad:ithara
\!aLi;riin
5! Nittika
Ccastal sandi
52 Nenmanikkiri
(;entt-al Midland
53 Orumanavoor
(;oastal sandy
54 Padnijr
(;(Ist1I SaIl(lV
5 Paimnclìcr'
Malavram
56 1>anjal
Malavoram
57 Paralarn
Central .\lidland
5$ Parappukkara
Central Midland
59 Parivarani
ía lavr ram
60 Pavarattv
Coastal sandy C
61 Pazllavannoor S
\ lalavra
o m
F
62 Pcrinlanam 4,
Coastal sandy
— 63 Pookkode
(;oastal sandy C
06)41)oommigalam
Central \ lidland
5 Poratlusserv
Central Midland
66 I orkulam
Central hdland
67 Poyya
Central MICUIld
68 Pudukkad
Malayoram
69 PunrLlyut-
Coastal sandy
70 Punnayurkulam
Coastal sandy
71 Pu thencli ira
Cc'i
Central \ I idlaj id
72 Puthur
!\lalavoram
73 Srccnaravanapuram
Coastal sandy
7-I 'Ihaikkad
Coastal sandy
75 Ihalikulam
Coastal sand\
76 Thanniyani
Coastal sandy
77 1li ekkurnkara
Central lid land
78 fliruyjJwamala
!\falayoranl
79 Tholur
Central i\ lidland
80 Thrikkur
Malavorani
81 Vadakkancherrv
Central ,\lidlaiid
$2 \'adakkckkad
Coastal sandy
83 Vadanappallv
Coastal sandy -
84 Valappad
Coastal sandy C
Vallachira
Central .\lidl;ind
Vallath ol N agar
Central lidland
F
87 \arantharappilly
.\lal;ri)rltn
$8 \aravoor
Central lidland
$9 \ellangtllur
Central \!idland
90 Vclukkara
Central Midland
91 \'elur
Central .\ hdland
92 \ en k ida nu
Central Nfldhi n ci
c
C
C
Agroclimatic zones C
Thrissur
53
it u Fancha at name Agro-Eco1ocal Zone

\t.iii I ugh ranges
\I..,tt I teti iti ihikkad plains
\I.tiiallui \Ialtyturu1
\I.ithtir 1a1akkad plains
\1111).1la; jaii (eitraI :\1iclaiI
\ii;o'aii.ILI t Central \iidland
\n:ikkar i \Lilappuraiii type
\viI r \lalavorani
( lava a Central Midland
(1 tilisse i (.ientral .\lidland
(:1 nrpl;i ser \ialra1T'i
Palakkad plains
I Rch ry Chitt())r Black soil
II I ni IIAVL r Palakkad plains
I it liiii't Llth\' Chittoor Black soil
k.td.ttnl azhippuram \Ialayoram
k.i111tnt pu/ha I ugh ranges
I: Kiit i ui1akkad plains
I ') K ittit a ii ra I ala kkad plains
1) K.ippiti Central Midland
p 'I k.trtkk irissi \Ea1ayOram
iii a Il igh ranges
uzha \talaran
I l'i v.ts TV Palakkad pkins
I\(ril:t. sun Palakkad plains
kizli;tk aitcIicrrv Palakkad plains
IN I )(kii 1)11 Palakkad plains
' K ((lii V IVII r CliittoPalakkad plains
1 k lIen ode Chittoor Black soil
U K ng I Palakkad plains
K m Central Midland
51 k ii l;t\ I Pakikkad plains
55 kt,I In padat n [ala )ram
KI zh i jampara (ittoor Black soil
S KtiluL aIlur Central .\lidland
St kit 111:1 airiputhur Malayorarn
5/ ktii IL nur Palakkad platis
515 ki tzh imannam Palakkad plains
5') I kk i-Per(Iur Central \ I idland
puzha Palakkad plains
- \I.ittk ira Palakkad plains
I - \I.ittt irkkad I ugh ranges
\1.11111LII- Palakkad plains
I \l.irti ha Road Palakkad plains

I ' \l.tlt ir Palakkad plains
\hI,it kkode Palakkad pLot-is
I n or Paiakkad plains
Palakkad 54
$1111.11 If /t )ilI'•.
SI No Panchayat name
AgrO-Ecological Zone
48 \futhalaniada
(litt or Black soil
49 [utliuthaJa
— Central .\ lidlatid
50 'agalassery —
Central .\ [idland
31 Nallepilly
Chittoor I slack soil
.52 Nellaca
Central Midland
53 Nelkinipathy
Cliittoor Bhick soil
5-I N cinmara
(;h tt()( ) r Black soil
55 ()ngallur
Central \Iidland
56 Tallassana
(I i-i oor Black soil
57 Parali
58 Paruihur
— Central Midland
59 Pattarnhj
Cerin-al Midland
60 Pattencherry
Cli ti-i oor I3lack soil
61 Pati-ithara
Cen ti-al Midland
— 62 Pcrumatty
Chittoor Black soil
63 crungottukurissj
Palakkad plains
64eruvcml)u
— Ialakkad plains
65irayiri
— lalakIcad plains
66)lPPUllV — Pala]<kad plams
67ookkotrukave
I —
Malavorim
68 udur
I ugh ranges
69 tithucodc
Palakkad plains —
7() Pu th 'giran-i
1alakkad J1aiS
71 PUtl1upJ)ariyaran- —
lalal kad plains
72 Puthusscry
I >alakkad jlains
73 Sholavur
I ugh ranges
74 Sreekrishnapuran-i
-\Ialayorarn —
75 ThacIiarn
I tigh ranges
76 l'hacIirittuktra —
Matayoram —
77 1'harur
Palakkad plains
78 Ihenkurissi
— Palakkad plains
79 'FhiruInjttakk)(1e —
Central .\Eidland —
80 lhiicappuri —
Malappuran-t type
81 fh rikkadecrj
i\'Iala)I) ran-i
82 I'hrirhala
Central \[idland
83 \adakarapathy
(Thittoor Black soil
84 \adakkanchcrI-)'
Palakkad plains —
85 \adavannur
Cliii toot- Black soil
$6 \'allapuzha
Central \ lidland
87 \andazhi
Palakkad plains —
88 \aniyariiktilin —
Central \ lidland —
$9 Vcllinczhi
vIalayorafn
90 \ tlavur
\ lalappurain tvne
Agroclimatic zones
Palakkad
55
P.iich yat name Agro-Ecological Zone

\.R. N, 2,l1• MiLippurim type
\I,iiu' Ic (oastal sand
\ltp.tra 11)11 \Ia1ay()rali1
\i n.irtt ilaLttti i\faLivorari
\ii.tkk: :ufl i\lalappui-an't t\'pc
\in ,.uIi puratii \1alavoran
\ tick k dc \1aIappuran type
\t Itiva iad \kikipputttii tvpC
( 1 t.tliva i\1a1ayoran
(1 cLin l)ia \ta1ppuru11 type
(:1 ct-k nundam .\ lalappuram type
(i cr I1, avu Nfahippurani type
Ik tic .\ialappuram type
Ikk ide \Ialavoran
(:1 n 1 hara N talayrain
I I.tk k; ra \Ila\'Orai)
I'icI,pp ii (.oastal sandy
S I. pp itt-a i\ 1aIay()ri1T1
I I . I. it L ()dc
Ina
I alappurarn type
\TaIapptiiitiitype
$ I cI.i r \IaIappuL1rn t\)c
It ii k lani \IaLI\()ratfl
11.1 up I iV111111 '\Ialappuran type
I\.IiL;i ii i\1a!avorain
ItIpi aticheri \llappuram type
I<tiu ningalan \Ialappuritii type
ml, i \Ialayorarrt
l\ 1 \ Iiakuiidii \ Ikiyuramn
\1alappuratn_type
l\ccZI attur \Ialavoram
Ki-ezl paramb Makippurarn type
l- dc \ Lilay ram
K id )tt V '\ lalappuram type

IM(Iii Lingadi Malappuram type
kIlt i I-. lal \ talappuramn type
1 .\tuiyorain
k.iint puram Malappuram type
I\I1ZII nan na \ I lippuram type
\I,in ad \Ialavoran
\Iini ,ilam \la]appuram type
lii tI ada Malavorati
kara talappuram type
\Iir;i cherry Coastal sandy
\ I-l.t tit. !\Llktyoram
\Icjci -kkanad lakivo ram
\h,t% N,00r lalappuram type
\11111 uv iir \taLi1pctratii type
1
çi IIitt$IlI 11ti( Malappuram 56

J SJ No Panchayat name Agro-Ecological Zone

48 .\lut'Iiedam
lalavoram
19 Nakkaraparamlw \ falavorai n
30 N anna in bra
Malapput-am type
3 Nii1I)1I1Jlclt,
Coastal sand)
32 Nedivimppu
lippur;un type
33 Niinhut-
.\ Ialayorain
5-1 Niramawthur
.\!alappui-am type
33_ - ()thukkuncal
Malappuram type
56 Ozliur
\ Ialappuram type
37 Pallikkaj
Maktppuram type
38 Pandklcad
Ialav( )ral n
39 Pa rappana ngad !\ lalappuram type
()0 Parappur
Malappuram type
6! Perunlannachu-t
lalapput-am type
62 Perumbadappu
Coastal sandy
63 Peruv;ilfoor \ lalappurari i type
64_- P in mala
lalappuram type
65_- Poninundam
lakippuram type
66_- Pookkott oor
Malappuram t ype
67 Porur
Nlahivorain
6$ R it h u ka flu i\ Ialavoram
69 Pulainanthole \ [at tyc rant
70 1 u Iick;iI
Maktpputim type
71 Pulppatta
lalappuram type
72 Ikirathur
I\Ia!appttram ty pe
73 Puz]iakkattjrj
Orml
74 i'anur
\Ialappuram type
73 LV1nW-
Coastal sandy
76 l'halakkad
type
77 lhanalur
Malapput-arn type
78 1hazfickkodc
i\ lalayo ram
79 Fh en j ppalam
\ lakippuram type
80 ]'het 1 ni a
'lalappuram type
81 '1 hirunavaya
Malappuram type
- 82 - Thiruranpadaj
Malappurarn type
83 Thiruva!h
lalavoram
8-4 !'h rik kaLin odc
Malappuram type
- $5 Thuvvur
\ [alayoram
$6 iripra I1 , ()de
Makippuram type
$/ Urakam
.Malappurain type
$8 Lrnattiri
.\ialappuram type
89 Valancheri-v
Makippuram typ e
90 Vafavannur
.\falappuram type
9! \a!!ikunnu
\ [ala ppurai n t vpe
- 92 \ 'atta inku lam
Coastal sandy
93 Vazhakkad
L 94 \ azhavoo r
lalappuranl type
\ [akippuram tVt)C
Agroclimatic zones
Malappuram
SI No Panch yat name Agro-Eco1oca1 Zone

93 \azhikl adavu Malayorarn
% Velivan ode Coastal sandy
'7 Vengar' Malappurarn type
98 \cttath ir i'vlalayo rani
() Vet ton L\Ealapf)urarn type
100 \Vandor i\Ialayorani
Or
fpi • liii I' i " I Malappurarn 58

Si Np Panchayat name
AgroEco1ogjcaj Zone
I :\rikkulam
Northerti midLitid
2 \tholi
Northern inidku id —
3 :\yancheri
Northern midlat Id —
4 :\zhivur
"ortl)ei- ii riiid,uid
3 Balusscri
Northern iiiid land
6 1 cypo -c
\Ithippu rat 0 type —
7 (;hikkittij t t-ì
N ortliern iiiidlaii ci
$ (hangirotii
Northern inidlatid
9 (lltha,1ui1J111
\ hulappuran) IVpe
10 Chekyad
'ortliern midland
II Clichnilur n
— i\Ialppurarii type
12 ('1 i en'ian cli c'rry
Northern miudlanci
13 Chengottukavu
14 Northern midland —
(;hct-ode
N on I iern in id land
IS (1i eruvan nut
Northcrn midlan d —
16 (heruviri nur-'<alLiJarii
— \LlIappLirarn type —
17 r:dh _i
is "Jorthet-n iiiidl.u-id
i :lltliur
.\ lalappl irnfl tpe
19 I r;tnia1a
N ort hem in idlatid
20 1 Qyke
.\ ía lapf) u rat n type
21 I'adatund
.\ Ialaf)puran) tyl)e
22 Kakkodi
— .\Ialappu rarii type —
23 lKakkitr
2•l Northern niidkind
I"araSServ
Malappurarii type —
25 I ivi 1n1j)ara
26 Northern tiuidland
1"akk()di
27 Northern niid land
IK;tanna
Northern midland —
28 k.cezliariyur
Northern midland
29 kizliakkotji
Malappurain type —
30 kociencheri
1 Malappuram type
1'0d!iathur
32 '\IalaI)puran type
I".oduvalIv
Malappuram type
33 l'..00daranj
4 lalappuram type
F...octha11
"orll1erm) inidland
33 Kotiur
N)rlli(ri) mid and —
36 I<.uii narnaiiila n
\falappuran-I type
1' N.tjflJlUfflnLjJ
Northern niidlarid
3$ Kurachttid t j
"orth cnn mid land
39 Kuruvatjr
) Malappuram type
Fsi.irtadi
41 Northern rnidjaiid
\Iadavoor
Malappuram type
_i! Nfmlw
'llt-
'ortIicrti niidland
-13 \I1ri.itlioinkara
'<urtliet- n tiiidlan(i
.tL \ Ia'oot
Malapput-ani type
± eppayur
46 Northern i nid Ia rid
)dadi
>ortliej- ri inidlirid
17 :\ litkkani
tVI)e
Agrociimatjc zones
Kozhjkkode
59
I t -I No Iancayat name Agro-Ecological Zone

l Li )Uiifl \ortherii midland
IN-millur Northern niidland
N.iiii aiicLi Northern midland
!Ej1- \ lalappiirani type
'.iiii PItt ".ortIlenIi ritidland
"()CI l(l "OitllCril nIilJar(i
flila \ lalappuram type
()iiia serv :\Lilappur;iin type
()iLc;l 'am Northern inidkind
", I I Northern niidkind
18 I Northern midland
(ii Ii)i a Northern midland
(10 1k-rum Imina .\Ialappuran type
'ii km-u aval '\ lalappuram type
I eni Northern midland
(t I>iith ippadi .\ I lappunam type
01 l:Iiil iiatti.ikar.i \I:ilapjur:ini type
( hat; kulat hum- Northern midland
_ti 'Hi 1iisserv \ lalappunam type
i 'link - odi Northern midland
T] III1 IVAllLII_ Northern mmdl;ind
(IL)
Ihir \amill );l(li i'\ lalappui'aiii t'pc
/f) Ilium (T1 Northern midland
/t 'Ihum ivur Northern midland
S /
I, hhmv ri
L1nn kkul;imii
Northern midland
Northern midland
/1 \'ala 'am Northern midland
H V,1111,11cl Northern midland
U Northern midland
ViIhappallv Northern midland
.
4
hivaII, jilL'', Kozhikkode 60

SI No Panch yat iiaine Agro-Ecological Zone

I AlllbaL raics
II iph ranges
3 K'Alliya l Ilbetm I hgh ranges
1 I'\ottatl SItSI Ii igh iinges
3 .\[anan havadi I ugh ranges
I 6
7
\ [rena I ir,adi
\Icpp;i Ii
I -I ih ranges
I ugh rangeS
S 9
\ op made
Mullait ;ollv
I hgh ranges
I ugh ranges
10 \Iuttil I-ugh ranges
II enm ni I -ugh ranges
I2 \oolp izha I -ugh ranges
13 Padinj retliara I ugh ranges
1-1 1 ai ian ai-a iii 1I mgh rat iges
15 Iooih idi I ugh ranges
16 Pozhi. thana I-ugh ranges
17 Pulpal y 1 ugh ranges
IS Sulth hathcry I ugh ranges
19 Than ode I ugh ranges
20 1havij'il I ugh ranges
21 Thirti ielli I ugh ranges
22 Thon lernadu I ligh ranges
23 VeIlat iuiida I ugh ranges
I C pallv I-ugh ranges
25 t1 i I ugh ranges
I
II)
i'IIitiiI ii mites Wyanad 61

,
a
SI No Panchayat name
Agro-Ecologjcai Zone
I :\lacode
Northcrn midland
2 \ncharakandy
Northern midland
3 A ralarn
Northern mid land
l Aveankunnti
Northern midland
) Azh ikode
Northern midland
6 lappa%
rapadavu
North ('rn i)) idlaiid
7 (Th dora
North em midland
$ chembilode
Non hum midland
9 ChengiIai
Northern midland
10
II
Cherukunnu
Northern midland 4
Cheaipuzha
Northern midland
12 Ch eru thazhamn
Northurn midlami ci
13 (1 irakkal
Northern midland
14 Cli ittariparamn ha
Non hem midland
13 Chokhi
Northern midland
16 I)harmnadoni
Northern midland
17 Edakkad
Northern midl; md
18 I davavoor
Northern ruidlam id
19 Irinjoli
Northern midland
20 I rmniam n- kuttoor
Northern midland
21 Frmivassev
Northern midland
22 I'I1omne
Northern mnidlam id
23 Irikkur
Northern midland
24 kadamhoor
Northern midland
25 KadannapafliPui.pcizh.t
Northern midland
26 Kalliassuri
Northern midland
27 Kanichar
Northern midland
2$ Kankok- :\lapadamha
Northern midland 'I
29 Kannapurani
Northern midland
30 Karivellur- Peralani
\ lalappuram type
31 Kanjyad
Northern midland
32 Kat h irur
Northern mnidlaiid
33 Kecyhajlur
Northern midland
34 Keezhiir-Chavmss&.r
Northern midland
35 Kelakom
Northern in id land
36 Kolachcrrv
Northern mid land
37 1\1'o1ayad
Northern midland
38 Koodahi
Northern midland
39 Kottayani
Northern midland
-U) kotfl\-oor
Northern midland
41 Kunjimiianptlm1
Northern midland
42 Kunnot h uparamba
Northern midland
43 Kuruniat 11 u r
Non hen midland
i
44 Ku U mviii toor
Northern midland
IS .\ Iada'i
North en inidla nd
46 lahe
Northern midland
47 •\Jalapattom
Northern midland
Agroclimatic zones
Kannur
62
INo Pancha at. name Agro-Ecologiçal Zone

'lt \lalur I
Northern midland
I) \laiiatr doin Northern midland
SI) IM.,11-10011 Northern midland
51 \ LtviI Northern midland
52 Mokeri Northern midland
- 53 Mundeii Northern midland
SI \iuzhal - till ]III Northern midland
53 Muzha piIanad Northern midland
56 NA(RIVII Northern midland
57 Naiith Northern midland
DR New \ ahe Northern midland
59 Padivu kalliad Northern midland
60 Pallike nu Northern midland
61 Panniv innur Northern midland
62 Pan> Northern midland
63 Pappir isseri Northern midland
64 Parivaam Northern midland
65 Rittio > Northern midland
66 Pat tu\ am Northern midland
67 lRirurl Northern inidlaiid
68 Pavva O> ) Northern midland
69 Perah csery Northern midland
70 Peravor Northern midland
71 Perw onie-\avakkara. Northern midland
72 Penn alam Northern midland
73 1PInailivi Northern midland
7-I 1) u x 1-ijithi Northern midland
73 Ram ntha]i Malappuram type
76 Srek ndapuram Northern midland
r 77 ITIAllinkcri Northern midland
78 'un )rangotwr Northern midland
79 1 Lda a>&iri Northern midland
80 1 Ulic al Northern midland
81 \ ak- pii tanam Northern midland
82 \ei nd Northern midland
to
ri
Kannur 63
A1mocIimatic zon

I :\jtri:or \liIqpur:im type
2 Badividk:i \ I;Itur;m tvpc
3 1aI:tI \ Ialapj ir;lm type
4 lddk kikippurani type
5 Bellur Mal:ippurun type
6 Cliammanid \H1p)urLm type
7 (Thengaki \ [.ilappwni type
8 Chcruvathur .\Ialappuram type
9 1)clanipadv \IiLippurAn'i t)'pC
10 I ast-1 len Makippurarn type
II Enmakaje \iahIput-an'i type
12 KalIar '\ laki puran type
13 Kitiduka lalappurarn type
1.1 C heeinen j alIppIirann type
ID l\.iL'i;if'R)Or I<arin.Ia1an \laI:ippLLnaIn type
16 I',oclorn- I3eIlur '\ Ialaf1irac U type
17 !\trnhadaje .\Ialappuram type
1$ Kumhala \ Ialappur;u'n type
19 Ku tt ikole N lalappuram t vpe
'N) \I a( iui-
.\ lalappuram I vpe
21 .\1;idikkai Malappuram type
22 \Iangalpacly Nhhppurmi type
23 T\fanges\varanl \ [ALII)I)LI CAIII type
24 .\ Iecrij;i \ lalappurani type
23 \Eogral-Puthur Ialappurarn ty1'
26 \Iulivar \Ia1appurari i type
27 NeelcS\varail-i f\kikippuram type
28 Padan na 1% type
79
- P'1I\ a Ii'S_
\1lap)uran I type
.30 Patlikkara MaIappururi type
31 Iaiiathadv i"vlalappurarn type
32 Pt11C')de \ IaI'appuran'i type
33 Pullur-Penva \I alappul-am type
34 Put h igc \ falappuram type
33 l'hrkkarput- \Iakippurarn type
36 L1 duma Ia]appuram type
37 Valivaparamba Malappuram type
3$ \ orkadv Malappuram type
39 \\'cst1 den Makippuram type
Agroclirnatic zones Kasargode 64

(Lift)
(fl)DW(flo Q)(o(fl) Q-JD&Q'1) (lIlWo
(I} )(l)fl)63T3(J f SY)1)( (Lead)
ffUDW(flo suiufl ofiWo
, I ll
m TUflJ(U'$ el iI(flcJffU(0))&(fO fltbI(OO (3TO(UI.3D/, b)b (UI(LIWbUIiUU
3
IO2J(aJ)1 V
eml (D~o
4
JD
i 07QJ( (t)Ub k(Th 5
, ;(.TTflQc) GflJ WhO)2(fl) 11J2O
- G1Q 6313(ft cO)DCU
M.~UOWND~:9U2(002'
()Ifli í1 - 2°- m2ifl2 ii
u'1 if]
'2 2sfl flJQ(O -
1
h i'(1 flcm
'js1&)2cm(J flsQ2nD' ii
1']s']&Q2crn(V
±J2 ____________________________________ -
oim - ro
,,ijs'1 fl'(o 3 Wfl&,o (ro 3(t' -
ii
cO)J(
Jc.ficQ) )&)(J'b CIJDO
65
(loct m)DJ1ub mmJ
4 Q)J(YmflQc1 QJ(U
32o QOJo Dpj 0
Q1)D(t QC)Jo gGr4 0
Qms'k2)1c
P2&Q o 0
2' " 5
(UTø njo(z Q J(UTTh'1 n'kn o
ODQJDc)J(fllfl 63r3(ft
Cfl)P)o QQ(CW QC4 aflcJmo
1 8:00AM 28 25
2 9:00AM 28 25
3 10:00AM 28 25
4 11:00AM 28 25
5 12:00 PM 28 25
6 1:00PM 28 25
7 2:00PM 28 25
8 3:00 PM 28 25
9 4:00PM 28 25
10 5:00 PM 28 25
(....JOt l. I IcIUJ')(I Il '.1 U.LJJVIIVIUJ
Ø82(YO) )oJcfIc 0 s1 &20QUT) ocLJC2flc? 0

@-,Ljnlcw Qucf 0 (?Y)cfl) U
6 Ufi °1ceGmo
MI(b1mcfla'' wgcm (T1Qc F
mflfl mmJth
m (O2S6W2(M m)2c)o -0DD cnm 6KUY
_j 1 1
2 5
3 2
7 (J611) K)Dc2)2U)63Y3(It
(t3TQJCfl1O 3Qo(TUflQCt (ThO6)o nQ)Go rLDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
oJ6TT) KDDQ)2Wo OQOD(tJo QJJ2C(mJUb Q)Q(m) IJ20
iii I%J )T1) 4 (u!f_,c!:Ic)J(?(JL.hcJl.) )jD QJo 1d1(
Ti_aflfl (c3Two
aJ j Dcruo
UI (ITIJ 1—f C-flDD
(O')DQW S() I (Ji()
(I
iT1flG)c3Usd3Q2 )OJ(?)S QS1CU(6l313(Jb

i(T1flG)VS)d3Q) 1)QJ()QS (3'øQ& n.ThGfflo
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(7)

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File No.

Read 1 G.O.(MS)No.162/2017/LSGD dated 19.08.2017

4. Web & New Media, I&PRD

Mahatma Gandhi NREGS

Kerala Institute of Local Administration

NREGA National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2005

MGNREG Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

PWD Public Works Department

KILA Kerala Institute of Local Administration

NGO Non-Government Organization

ILO International Labour Organization

HUDCO Housing and Urban Devclopmcnt Corporation

NiT-C National Institute of Technology - Calicut

LBC Laurie Baker Centre for Habitat Studies

LSGD Local Self Government Department

CRD Commissioner for Rural Development

Context of present report 6

Ratios for each agro ecological zone 21

Eardi work in rough excavation, banking excavated earth in

2.1 Ordinary Soil

Excavation of work by manual means in foundation trenches

4.1 Lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m

Filling excavated earth (excluding rock)/moorum in trenches,

Surface dressing and land levelling of the ground including

9 Layout/Dag being 7.5 to 10 cm deep metre 2.21 0.01

Excava ion of puddle trench for earthen embankment to

Puddlt filling of good clay (cohesive soil) including lead upto

Earth rork for well excavation including disposal of

Desit 'g of small earthen channels, water bodies, ponds,

Clearing jungle including uprooting rank vegetation, grass,

Clear ig of grass and removal of the rubbish upto a distance of qm 5.42 0 02

Earti york in filling for construction of road embankment from

Corn acting each layer of 15 cm thickness in sqm

Earth cutting (box cutting) in road embankment, removing the

Laying precast cement concrete interlocking paver block/tiles

13 Laying kharanja in pathways, roads

Laying hard stone kharanja of thickness not less than 22.5 cm

Laying 40 mm thick rubbed stone flooring (stone tile kharanja)

D Soci 1 Forestry and Horticultrire Works

Gras sodding/furfing on both sides of drains, embankment

- Sods obtained within a lead of 30m sgm 2260.14 8.34

Digj ig of ditch cumbund 1.5 mX 0.9 mX 1.2 indimension

- 0.45 in X 0.45 in X 0.45 in each 224.93 0.83

Loading and unloading poly bags container plants in private

Transportating of polythene container seedings by head loads

19 Internal distribution of seedlings in the plantation area 100 nos.

Planting grass roots (i.e. vetiver grass etc) under trenches at a

E Nut ery raising

12 Fo, ning of brush wood/appropriate fencing around nursery metre 0.17

No. Descripon of item Unit of Rate Per No of

Making thatch covers for protection of plants from heat/frost

F Masonry, concrete and miscellaneous items

p 25 mm and less size cum

ii - Additional lead of 50 m beyond initial lead of 50 in 1000 nos. 78.59 0.29

ii - Additional lead of 50 in beyond initial lead of 50 in quintal/IOO kg 2.71 0.01

U loading of stone, gravel, sand, limestone, niurram, cum

By concrete mixer cum 1666.65 6.15

Random rubble masonry with hard stone in

Dry random rubble stone masonry/uncoursed rubble