LEVEL II QUESTIONS - RT

1) 1 Low voltage X ray tubes are generally fitted with windows made of
a) plastic
b) beryllium
c) glass
d) lead
4) 2 If it were necessary to radiograph a 7"thick steel product, which of the following gamma ray source would most
likely be used?
a) Cobalt - 60
b) Thulium - 170
c) Iridium - 192
d) Cesium - 137

6) 3 The absorption of gama rays from a given source when passing through matter depens on:
a) the atomatic number, density and thicknes of the matter
b) The Young's modulus value of the matter
c) the poission ratio value of the matter
d) the specific activity value of the source

7) 4 The fact that gases, when bombarded by radation, ionize and become electrical conductors make them use ful in:
a) X - ray transformers
b) X - ray tubes
c) maska
d) radation detection equipments

12) 5 Of the following, the source providing the most penetrating radation is:
a) Cobalt - 60
b) 220 kVp X - ray tube
c) 15 Me V X - ray betatron
d) electron from iridium - 192

14) 6 The focal spot in an X ray tube:

a) is inclined at angel of 30Deg from the normal to the tube axis.
b) is maintained at ahigh negative voltage during operations.
c) should be as large as possible to ensure a narrow beam of primary radation.
d) should be as small as possible without unduly shortening the life of the tube.

15) 7 In an X - ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are the two essential part of the:
a) anode
b) cathode
c) rectifer
d) X - ray transformer

16) 8 The quantity of radiation which will produce, by means of ionization. One electrostatic unit of 0.001293grams of dry
air is known as:
a) a millicurie
b) a gamma
 c) a roentgen
d) a curie

17) 9 The specific activity of an isotopic source is usually measured in:

a) million electron volts
b) curie per grams
c) roentgens per hour
d) counts per minutes.

18) 10 Which of the following isotopes has the longest half life?
a) Selinium - 75
b) Cobalt - 60
c) Iridium - 192
d) Cesium - 137
The slope of a straight line joining two points of specified densities on a characteristic curve of a film is known as
20) 11 the
a) Speed of the curve
b) Latitude
c) average gradients
d) density.

21) 12 An X - ray film having wide latitude also has, by definition:

a) Poor definition
b) Low contrast
c) High speed
d) none of the above

23) 13 An X - ray tube with a small focal spot is considerded better than one with a large focl spot when it is desired to
obtain:
a) areater penetrating power
b) better definition
c) less contrast
d) greater film density

25) 14 Thin sheets of lead foil in intimate contactc with X - ray film during exposure increase film density because:
a) The fluoresce and emit visible light which helps expose the film
b) they absorbe the scatter radiation
c) they prevent back scattered radiation from fogging the film
d) they emit electrons when exposed to X - and gamma radiation which help darken the film

26) 15 X - ray tubes or often enclosed in a shockproof casing in order to:

a) disspate heat
b) protect the operator from high - voltage shocks
c) shield the tube from secondary radiation
d) increase the efficiency of the rectifier

27) 16 A X - ray tube is rated for a maximum of 250 kVp. This tube may be operated at maximum of:
 a) 250,000 volts peak voltage
b) 250 kv effective voltage
c) 250,000,000 volts rms voltage
d) 250 kv average voltage

28) 17 A voltage selector consisting of an iron core transformer with a single winding having series of taps at various
points on the winding is called:
a) a high - voltage transformer
b) a filament transformer
c) an autotransformer
d) a power transformer

30) 18 When radiographing to the 2-2T quality level, an ASMT penetrameter for 2.5"steel has a thicnness
a) one - inch.
b) 2.5 mils
c) 5 mils
d) 50 mils

32) 19
A good cobalt - 60 radiograph is made on a 3"steel casting an exposer time of 10 minutes souce - to - film distance
of 36". It it is necessary to change the source- to-film distance to 24"exposer time would produce a smilar
radiograph if all other condition remains the same
a) 1.6 minutes
b) 4.4 minutes
c) 6.4 minutes
d) 8.8 minutes

36) 20 Filter used at the port of the X - ray tube:

a) intensify the X - ray beam by contributing secondary radiation
b) filter short wavelength X - ray beams to provide "softer" radiation
c) provide the most readily adjusted means of modifying X - ray intensity
d) filter out :soft"radiation to provide a more homogeneous x - ray beam.

39) 21
Filters placed between the X ray tube and specimen tend to reduce scatter radiation undercutting the specimen:
a) by absorbing the longer wavelengeth componentents of the primary beam
b) by absorbing the shorter wavelength componentes of the primary beam
c) by absorbing the back scatter radiation
d) decrease the graininess in a radiograph

40) 22 Besides serving as a filter, screens of high atomic number, such as lead antominy, also
a) decrease the source to film distance needed for a proper radiograph
b) provide some image intensifying action
c) permit the use of higher speed film
d) decrease the graininess in a radiograph

42) 23 Almost all gamma radiograph is performed with:

a) natural isotopes
 b) iridium - 192 or cobalt - 60
c) radium
d) thulium - 170

45) 24 The inherent filteration of an X ray tube is a function of:

a) the thickness and composition of the X - ray tube port
b) the voltage setting of the instrument
c) the source to object distance
d) the material used as a target

48) 25 The specific activity of cobalt - 60 depends on

a) the time the material has been in the reactor.
b) the atomic number of the material
c) the gamma ray flux to which it was exposed
d) the young's modulus valve of the material

49) 26 The most commenly used target material in an X - ray tube is

a) copper
b) carbon
c) carbide
d) tungsten

50) 27 The purpose for including a disc- shaped target that rotates rapidly during operationin some X yays
a) increase the intensity of X - radiation
b) decrease the voltage needed for a specific quality of radiation
c) increase the permissible load
d) none of the above answer is correct

87) 28 Two factors which greatly affect the suitability of the target material in an X - ray tube are
a) tensile strength and yield strength.
b) melting point and magnetic strength.
c) electrical resistance and tensile strength.
d) atomic number and melting point

88) 29
The reason the exposer time must be increased by a factor of four when the source to film distance is double is:
a) the intensity of radiation decreases at an exponential rate when the source to film distance is
increased
b) the qualiy of radiation is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from
the source to film.
c) the intensity of radiation is invearsely proportaional to the square of the distance from
the source to film.
d) the scattered radiation effect is greater as the source to film distance increases.

91) 30
Which of the following technique variables is most commanly used to adjust subject contract?
a) Source to film distance
 b) Milliampirage
c) kilovoltage
d) Focal point size

94) 31 A curve relating density with the logaritham of exposer or of relative exposure is called:
a) a sensitivity curve
b) a density exposure curve
c) an H & D curve.
d) X - ray intensity curve.

97) 32 Which of the following instruments would exhibit the best sensitivity and most likely be used to detect small leak in
a radiation barrier.
a) A film badge
b) A fountain pen type of inozation chamber
c) A Geiger countainer
d) A dosimeter

100) 33 The slope (steepness) of a characteristic curve is a measure of:

a) Subject contrast
b) radiographic definition
c) radiographic contrast.
d) film contrast

105) 34 In processing radiographs, the hourly fiow of water in the wash should be
a) two to three times the volume of the tank
b) four to eight time the volume of the tank
c) at least 40 gallons per hour
d) varried continuously in proportion to the number of radiographs being developed.

108) 35 Increasing the x - ray or gamma ray energy will

a) significantly decreses the average gradient of a characteristic curve
b) significantly increase the average gradient of a characteristic curve
c) increase the slope of a characteristic curve
d) have little effect on the shape of a characteristic curve

109) 36 As the development time increases:

a) the characteristic curve grows steerer and moves to the left
b) the characteristic curve grows steerer and moves to the right
c) the characteristic curve remains the same in shape but move to the left
d) there is little effect on the characteristic curve

127) 37 In million - voltage radiography, filtration at the tube:

a) increase the generation of short wave length X - rays.
b) decrease the generation of short wavelength X - rays.
c) improves the radiographic quality by decreasing scatter radiation.
d) offers no improvement in radiographic quality.
128) 38 The energy of gamma ray is expressed by which of the following units of measurment:
a) cirie
b) Roentgen
c) Half - life
d) Kiloelectron volt (KeV) or milli electron vole (MeV)

130) 39
While using an X - ray tube radiography, the operater wishes to increase the radiation intensity. To do so the.
a) kilo voltage should be lowered
b) tube current should be increased
c) the specimen should be moved farther from the film
d) tube current should be decreased.

131) 40 Lead screens are put in direct contact with the film to:
a) increase the potographic action on the film
b) absorb the longer wavelength scattered radiation
c) intensify the photographic effect of the primary more than the scatter radiation
d) all of the above

134) 41 The main purpose of the X ray generator controls on the equipment is:
a) to maintain the direction and width of the X - ray beam.
b) to enable to operate to obtain the intensity, quality, and duration of expouser desired.
c) to allow the operator to adjust film focal distance remotely.
d) to change alternating current to increase X - ray intensity.

137) 42 If one curie of iridium - 192 produces a dose rate of 5900mRper hour at one foot, how many mR will ten curie
produce at the same distance?
a) 590
b) 590,000
c) 59
d) 59,000

138) 43
With respect to quality, what three factor must be considered in selecting a source to film distance?
a) Source activity, type of film, type of screens
b) Source activity, size of film, thickness of material
c) Source size, source activity, specimen to film distance
d) Source size, specimen thickness, geometric unsharpness

141) 44 A light image of backing "B" on a processed radiograph is probably caused by:
a) excessive density
b) backscatter
c) kilovoltage set too low.
d) poor film handling

142) 45 Cobalt - 59 becomes cobalt - 60 when it is placed in a nuclear reactor where it captures:
a) an electron
 b) a neutron
c) a proton
d) contamination

148) 46 Approximately how long would it take for a 10 curie cobalt - 60 source to decay 2 curie?
a) 5.3 days
b) 5.3 years
c) 12 years
d) none of the above

151) 47 The developer solution is:

a) acid
b) alkiline
c) saline
d) colloidal

154) 48 The half - life radioactive cesium - 137 is nearest:

a) 36 days
b) 6 years
c) 30 years
d) 526 days

The relation ship between frequency, velocity, and wave length of an electromagnetic wave is normally ex -
158) 49 pressed as:
a) f = λc
b) c=fλ Where f = frequency
c) λ = fc s = speed of light
d) λ=f/c λ = wavelength

159) 50 The correct equation for determining geometric unsharpness Ug is:

a) Ug = f / td
b) f = Ug t/d Where d = source to film distance
c) Ug = dt / f t = object to film distance
d) Ug = ft / d f = size of radiation source