SUBMITTED TO:

Mam Bisma Ejaz

SUBMITTED BY:

sumbal

ROLLNO:
1825110047

SUBJECT:
Psychology

LCWU
SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGISTS
ASSIGNMENT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Definition of Psychology

 History of Psychology

 Different social settings in which Psychologists can work

1. Clinical Psychology

2. Social psychology

3. Educational Psychology

4. Industrial Psychology

5. Forensic Psychology
 PSYCHOLOGY

 Definition

It is the science of mind and behavior, the mental or

behavioral characteristics of an individual or group and

the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular

field of knowledge or activity.

The term “psychology” literally means the science of the soul. (Psyche—soul; logo=science).

Formerly, psychology was a part of metaphysics, and dealt with the nature, origin, and

destiny of the soul. It was called rational psychology. But modern psychology is empirical,

and does not deal with the problems relating to the soul.

 Psychology deals with the following:

I. Mental processes;

II. Their expressions in behavior,

III. Their concomitant physiological processes;

IV. Their external stimuli;

V. Animal behavior, human mind, normal behavior, and

VI. abnormal behavior; and

VII. The peculiar traits and the objective products of collective behavior.
 History of Psychology

 In a philosophical context, psychology was around thousands of years ago in ancient

Greece, Egypt, India, Persia, and China.

 In 387 BCE, Plato suggested that the brain is where mental processes take place, and in

335 BCE Aristotle suggested that it was the heart. Avicenna, the famous Muslim doctor,

born in 980 AD, studied and treated epilepsy, nightmares, and poor memory.

 The first hospitals treating psychiatric conditions were said to have been set up by Islamic

doctors in medieval times.

 In 1774, Franz Mesmer proposed that hypnosis, or "mesmerism," might help cure some

types of mental illness.

 In 1879 Wilhelm Wundt, Germany, founded psychology as an independent experimental

field of study. He set up the first laboratory that carried out psychological research

exclusively at Leipzig University. Wundt is known today as the father of psychology.

 In 1890 William James, published a book entitled Principles of Psychology. It was

discussed by psychologists worldwide for many decades.

 Nowadays, psychologists study all these approaches and choose what appears to be best

from each approach for a particular situation.

I. Clinical psychology:

This treatment-oriented branch of psychology deals with scientific ways of handling

psychological problems. Also called counselling psychology or psychotherapy, it focuses on

the prevention, understanding and cure of psychological issues by way of psycho-therapeutic

treatment.

A Clinical Psychologist is often the image we conjure up when we think of a psychologist,

therapist or counselor.

 What are the Primary Responsibilities of a Clinical Psychologist?

Clinical psychologists can offer a range of professional services, including:

 Conducting and interpreting psychological assessments

 Conducting psychological research

 Consultation with interdisciplinary teams in mental health settings, medical facilities and

other healthcare settings, schools and businesses

 Development of preventative and treatment programs

 Program administration

 Provide psychological/ mental treatment

 Teach at the collegiate level

II. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Definition
 Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. It

studies how people act, think, and feel in the context of society. That is how

people's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings change because of other people.

 Example

Your behavior probably changes depending on who is in the room with you. But even when

you're in a room alone, your thoughts, feelings, and even behaviors are influenced by other

people: the thought of someone you don't like could make you feel angry; the fact that you

wash your hands before handling food comes from lessons taught to you by your

grandmother; that thing that your crush said this afternoon could replay in your mind as you

try to analyze it. In all of these cases, society has an impact on you.

III. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Definition

The psychology concerned with human maturation, school learning, teaching methods,

guidance, and evaluation of aptitude and progress by standardized tests.

 Explanation

Educational psychology is the study of how individuals learn, including topics such as

student outcomes, the academic process, individual differences in learning, gifted learners

and various learning disabilities. Those in this field will study how humans learn and store

knowledge, specifically in educational settings like classrooms. This process includes

emotional, social, and cognitive learning processes.

IV. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY

law. Those who work in this field utilize psychological expertise as it applies to the justice

system. The American Board of Forensic Psychology describes this field as the application of

psychology to issues that involve the law and legal system

If you are interested in becoming a forensic psychologist, you should take courses that focus

on topics such as:

 Criminal psychology

 Abnormal behavior

 Cognitive psychology

 Drugs and psychopharmacology

 Criminal justice

V. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

 Definition

M. l. Blum and J. C. Naylor have defined industrial psychology as the application or

extension of psychological facts and principles to the problem concerning human beings

operating within the context of business and industry.

 Explanation

Some of the importance of studying industrial psychology are as follows:

1. Understanding Human Relations 2. Human Engineering 3. Recruitment, Selection and

Placement 4. Development and Training of Personnel 5. Accident Prevention 6. Promotional

Schemes and Wage and Salary Administration 7. Motivation, Attitude and Morale.

As Industrial Psychology is mainly concerned with studying different aspects of human

behavior in the work environment, it has tremendous scope. The entire process of industrial
 management, dealing with people at work, the problems linked with industry and personnel

management are all included in Industrial Psychology.

REFERENCES

 https://www.merriam-webster.com

 http://www.psychologydiscussion.net.com

 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com

 https://www.sacap.edu.za

 https://www.online-psychology-degrees.org

 https://www.sciencedaily.com

 https://study.com

 https://www.merriam-webster.com

 https://www.online-psychology-degrees.org

 https://www.verywellmind.com

 https://textileapex.blogspot.com

 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com