Content: - Introduction - Types of Solar Collector - Application - Advantage - Disadvantage

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Content

• Introduction
• Types of solar collector
• Application
• Advantage
• Disadvantage
Solar Collectors
•Solar collector is a device for collecting
solar radiation and transfer the energy to a
fluid passing in contact with it.

•The solar collectors, with its associated


absorber, is the essential component of any
system for the conversion of solar radiation
energy into usable form. E.g. heat and
electricity .
• The fundamental process now in general
use for HEAT conversion is the Green
House Effect
Solar Collectors

Non-concentration concentration
Non-concentration
[flat-plate collector]
• Heat produce at temperature below 90*C.

• Flat plate can be collect and absorb both


DIRECT and DIFFUSE solar radiation.

• They are effected by cloud and other


particles which are present in the
atmosphere
Flat-plate collectors

Liquid collector Air collector


Liquid collector
• Liquid heating collectors are used for
heating water and non-freezing aqueous
solution and occasionally for non-aqueous
heat transfer fluids
• Transparent cover (glazing)
• Cushion support
• Absorber (selective surface)
• Insulation
• Tubes/water pipe
• Typically a metal plate, usually of copper, steel
or aluminium material with tubing of copper in
thermal contact with the plates, are most
commonly used material.

• The absorber plate is usually made from metal


sheet 1 to2mm in thickness.

• Tubes which are also made from metals.


Tubes :
• Diameter :- 1.0 to 1.5
• They are soldered or clamped or bind to
bottom of absorber plate from 5 to 15cm.
• In some other type of design of liquid
collector we can found, the arrangement
of tubes are attached to the absorber
plate.
• Various type of arrangement are found
• The glass cover act as a convection shield
to reduce the losses from the absorber
plate beneath.
• Glass generally use for transparency.
• Reflection may be reduced by coating with thin
films of certain substances. e.g. magnesium
fluoride
• We can use coating for increase HEAT
resistance.

HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM:-


The heat generated in the absorber is removed by
continuous flow of a heat-transport medium,
either water or air.

diagram:
Problems:
1. A problem with this design is that in cold
weather, moisture may condense on the
inside of the transparent cover plate and
thus decrease the transmission of the
solar radiation.
2. A second problem is the corrosion of the
metal tube by the water.
Typical Air Collector
[solar air heater]

• Transparent cover
• Insulation
• Fluid tubes
• Absorbing surface
• Air has been used so far to a lesser extent as the heat transport
medium in solar collector.
• Zig-Zag flow path in Air collecter
Air collector

Non- porous porous


Application
• heating building
• Drying agricultural produce and lumber
• Heating green house
• Air condition
• Air heater is useful for energy source for
heat engine
Adwantage
1. They have the advantage of using both
beam and diffuse solar radiation.
2. They do not require orientation toward
the sun.
3. They required little maintenance.
4. They are mechanically simpler than the
concentration reflector, absorbing
surfaces and orientation devices of
focusing collectors.
Concentrating collectors
[focusing type]

• Focusing collector is a device to collect


solar energy with intensity of solar
radiation on the energy absorbing surface.
Type of focusing collectors

1. Line focusing collectors


2. Mirror-strip reflectors
3. Fresnel lens collector
4. Flat-plate collector
5. Compound parabolic concentrator
Line focusing collectors
• The dimension of parabolic cylindrical collector
can be very over a wide range the length of a
reflecting unit may be roughly 3-5m and the
width about 1.5-2.4m,ten or more. Such unit are
often connected end to end in a row , such rows
are connected in parallel.
• Sun must in a particular direction.
• Generally oriented in the east –west or north-
south directions.
• East-west:-the collectors are laid flat on the
ground.
• North-south:-the can rays north to south
arranged like flat-plate collectors they are less
efficient.
2.Mirror-strip reflectors
• We use concave mirror strips
• The angle of mirror strips are different as
individuals
• Diagram:
3.Fresnel lens collector
• In it use focusing effect of a Fresnel lens.
• Lens is rectangle, about 4.7-.95m in width.
• Solar radiation collect by this is 30%
greater than east-west collector.
• Diagram:
4.Flat-plate collectors

5.compound parabolic concentrator


(CPC)
Advantage
• Surface required less material or provide
high collection of radiation.
• Heat loss rate is less than flat-plate
collection low maintenance .
• Can be used for power generation.
• We can get high concentration or radiation.
Difference
Disadvantage
• Only beam radiation collected.
• If sun direction is not correct then only
some mirrors are used others are not in
use.
• Additional optical losses such as
reflectance loss.
• High initial cost.

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