1. There are two sets given below.

Set – I speci es the types of research, while Set –

II indicates
their characteristics. Match the two and give your answer by selecting the
appropriate code.
Set – I Set – II
(Research types) (Characteristics)
(a) Fundamental research (i) Finding out the extent of perceived impact of an
intervention
(b) Applied research (ii) Developing an effective explanation through theory
building
(c) Action research (iii) Improving an existing situation through use of
interventions
(d) Evaluative research (iv) Exploring the possibility of a theory for use in various
situations
(v) Enriching technological resources
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(2) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(3) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(4) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Answer: 1

2. Which of the sets of activities best indicate the cyclic nature of action research
strategy ?
(1) Re ect, Observe, Plan, Act
(2) Observe, Act, Re ect, Plan
(3) Act, Plan, Observe, Re ect
(4) Plan, Act, Observe, Re ect

Answer: 4

3. Which of the following sequences of research steps is nearer to scienti c method

?
(1) Suggested solution of the problem, Deducing the consequences of the solution,
Perceiving
the problem situation, Location of the di culty and testing the solutions.
(2) Perceiving the problem situation, Locating the actual problem and its de nition,
Hypothesizing, Deducing the consequences of the suggested solution and Testing
the
hypothesis in action.
(3) De ning a problem, Identifying the causes of the problem, De ning a population,
Drawing a sample, Collecting data and Analysing results.
(4) Identifying the causal factors, De ning the problem, Developing a hypothesis,
Selecting
a sample, Collecting data and arriving at generalizations and Conclusions.

Answer: 3

4. The problem of ‘research ethics’ is concerned with which aspect of research

activities ?
(1) Following the prescribed format of a thesis
(2) Data analysis through qualitative or quantitative techniques
(3) De ning the population of research
(4) Evidence based research reporting

Answer: 4

5. In which of the following activities, potential for nurturing creative and critical
thinking is
relatively greater ?
(1) Preparing research summary
(2) Presenting a seminar paper
(3) Participation in research conference
(4) Participation in a workshop

Answer: 4

Question Based on UGC NET Exam November 2017

1. Which of the following research types focuses on ameliorating the prevailing

situations ?
(1) Fundamental Research
(2) Applied Research
(3) Action Research
(4) Experimental Research

Answer : 3

2. A researcher attempts to evaluate the effect of method of feeding on anxiety –

proneness of
children. Which method of research would be appropriate for this ?
(1) Case study method
(2) Experimental method
(3) Ex-post-facto method
(4) Survey method

Answer : 3

3. In which of the following arrangements a wider spectrum of ideas and issues may
be made
possible ?
(1) Research Article
(2) Workshop mode
(3) Conference
(4) Symposium

Answer : 2

4. In nalizing a thesis writing format which of the following would form part of
supplementary
pages ?
(1) List of tables and gures
(2) Table of contents
(3) Conclusions of the study
(4) Bibliography and Appendices

Answer : 1

5. Which of the following is susceptible to the issue of research ethics ?

(1) Inaccurate application of statistical techniques
(2) Faulty research design
(3) Choice of sampling techniques
(4) Reporting of research ndings

Answer : 4

Question-Based on UGC NET Exam January 2017

1. The principal of a school conducts an interview session of teachers and students

with a
view to explore the possibility of their enhanced participation in school programmes.
This
endeavour may be related to which type of research ?
(1) Evaluation Research
(2) Fundamental Research
(3) Action Research
(4) Applied Research

Answer: 3

2. In doing action research what is the usual sequence of steps ?

(1) Re ect, observe, plan, act
(2) Plan, act, observe, re ect
(3) Plan, re ect, observe, act
(4) Act, observe, plan, re ect

Answer: 2

3. Which sequence of research steps is logical in the list given below ?

(1) Problem formulation, Analysis, Development of Research design, Hypothesis
making, Collection of data, Arriving at generalizations and conclusions.
(2) Development of Research design, Hypothesis making, Problem formulation, Data
analysis, Arriving at conclusions and data collection.
(3) Problem formulation, Hypothesis making, Development of a Research design,
Collection of data, Data analysis and formulation of generalizations and conclusions.
(4) Problem formulation, Deciding about the sample and data collection tools,
Formulation of hypothesis, Collection and interpretation of research evidence.

Answer: 3
4. Below are given two sets – research methods (Set-I) and data collection tools
(Set-II).
Match the two sets and indicate your answer by selecting the correct code :
Set – I
(Research Methods)
Set – II
(Data Collection Tools)
a. Experimental method i. Using primary and secondary sources
b. Ex post-facto method ii. Questionnaire
c. Descriptive survey method iii. Standardized tests
d. Historical method iv. Typical characteristic tests
Codes :
abcd
(1) ii i iii iv
(2) iii iv ii i
(3) ii iii i iv
(4) ii iv iii i

Answer: 2

5. The issue of ‘research ethics’ may be considered pertinent at which stage of

research ?
(1) At the stage of problem formulation and its de nition
(2) At the stage of de ning the population of research
(3) At the stage of data collection and interpretation
(4) At the stage of reporting the ndings.

Answer :4

Question-Based on UGC NET Exam July 2016

1. In qualitative research paradigm, which of the following features may be

considered critical?
(A) Data collection with standardised research tools.
(B) Sampling design with probability sample techniques.
(C) Data collection with bottom-up empirical evidences.
(D) Data gathering to take with top-down systematic evidences.
Answer: C

2. From the following list of statements identify the set which has negative
implications for ‘research ethics’ :
(i) A researcher critically looks at the ndings of another research.
(ii) Related studies are cited without proper references.
(iii) Research ndings are made the basis for policy making.
(iv) Conduct of practitioner is screened in terms of reported research evidences.
(v) A research study is replicated with a view to verify the evidences from other
researches.
(vi) Both policy making and policy implementing processes are regulated in terms of
preliminary studies.

Codes:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (ii), (iv) and (vi)
(D) (i), (iii) and (v)

Answer: C

3. In a research on the effect of child-rearing practices on stress-proneness of

children in competing school projects, the hypothesis formulated is that ‘child rearing
practices do in uence stress-proneness’. At the data-analysis stage a null hypothesis
is advanced to nd out the tenability of research hypothesis. On the basis of the
evidence available, the null hypothesis is rejected at 0.01 level of signi cance. What
decision may be warranted in respect of the research hypothesis?
(A) The research hypothesis will also be rejected.
(B) The research hypothesis will be accepted.
(C) Both the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis will be rejected.
(D) No decision can be taken in respect of the research hypothesis.

Answer: B

4. A research intends to explore the effect of possible factors for the organization of
effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most
appropriate for this study?
(A) Historical method
(B) Descriptive survey method
(C) Experimental method
(D) Ex-post-facto method

Answer: D

5. Which of the following is an initial mandatory requirement for pursuing research?

(A) Developing a research design
(B) Formulating a research question
(C) Deciding about the data analysis procedure
(D) Formulating a research hypothesis

Answer: B

6. The format of thesis writing is the same as in

(A) preparation of a research paper/article
(B) writing of seminar presentation
(C) a research dissertation
(D) presenting a workshop/conference paper

Answer: C

Question-Based on UGC NET Exam December 2015

1. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of participatory

research?
(A) It recognizes knowledge as power.
(B) It emphasises on people as experts.
(C) It is a collective process of enquiry.
(D) Its sole purpose is production of knowledge.

Answer: D

2. Which of the following statements is true in the context of the testing of a

hypothesis?
(A) It is only the alternative hypothesis, that can be tested.
(B) It is only the null hypothesis, that can be tested.
(C) Both, the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
(D) Both, the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

Answer: B

3. Which of the following are the basic rules of APA style of referencing format?
(a) Italicize titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays
(b) Invert authors’ names (last name rst)
(c) Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals
(d) Alphabetically index reference list

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: B

4. Which of the following are the characteristics of a seminar?

(a) It is a form of academic instruction.
(b) It involves questioning, discussion and debates.
(c) It involves large groups of individuals.
(d) It needs involvement of skilled persons.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below

(A) (b) and (c)
(B) (b) and (d)
(C) (b), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b) and (d)

Answer: D

5. A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in

an urban area. What tool should he prefer for the study?
(A) Rating scale
(B) Interview
(C) Questionnaire
(D) Schedule

Answer: C

6. Ethical norms in research do not involve guidelines for:

(A) Thesis format
(B) Copyright
(C) Patenting policy
(D) Data sharing policies

Answer: A

7. Consider the argument given below:

‘Pre – employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors, architects and
engineers who are now employed had to face such a testing.’

What type of argument it is?

(A) Deductive
(B) Analogical
(C) Psychological
(D) Biological

Answer: B

8. A de nition that has a meaning that is deliberately assigned to some symbol is

called:
(A) Lexical
(B) Precising
(C) Stipulative
(D) Persuasive

Answer: C

9. A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called

(A) An inference
(B) An argument
(C) An explanation
(D) A valid argument
Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2015

1. Which of the following statements regarding the meaning of research are correct
(a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to nd
out the solution of a problem
(b) It is a systematic, logical and an unbiased process wherein veri cation of
hypothesis data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done
(c) It is an intellectual enquiry or quest towards truth
(d) It leads to enhancement of knowledge

(A) (a), (b) and (c)

(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: D

2. A good thesis writing should involve

(a) reduction of punctuation and grammatical errors to a minimum
(b) careful checking of references
(c) consistency in the way the thesis is written
(d) a clear and well written abstract

(A) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

(B) (a), (b) and (c)
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: A

3. Jean Piaget gave a theory of cognitive development of humans on the basis of his
(A) Fundamental research e basis of his
(B) applied research
(C) Action research
(D) Evaluation Research
Answer: A

4. “Male and female students perform equally well in a numerical aptitude test.”
This statement indicates a(A) research hypothesis
(B) null hypothesis
(C) directional hypothesis
(D) statistical hypothesis

Answer: B

5. The conclusions/ ndings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other

situations
(A) Historical research
(B) Descriptive Research
(C) Experimental Research
(D) Causal Comparative Research

Answer: C

6.Which of the following steps are required to design a questionnaire

(a) Writing primary and secondary aims of the study
(b) Review of the current literature
(c) Prepare a draft of questionnaire
(d) Revision of the draft

(A) (a), (b) and (c)

(B) (a), (c) and (d)
(C) (b), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: B

7. When the purpose of a de nition is to explain the use or to eliminate ambiguity the
de nition is called
(A) Stipulative
(B) Theoretical
(C) Lexical
(D) Persuasive

Answer: B
 Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2014

1. The core elements of dissertation are

(A) Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
(B) Executive Summary; Literature review; Data gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
(C) Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
(D) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussion and
Conclusion

Answer: D

2. What is a Research Design?

(A) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.
(B) The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.
(C) The style in which you present your research ndings e.g. a graph.
(D) A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.

Answer: D

3. “Sampling Cases” means

(A) Sampling using a sampling frame
(B) Identifying people who are suitable for research
(C) Literally the researcher’s brief case
(D) Sampling of people, newspapers, television programmes etc.

Answer: D

4. The frequency distribution of a research data which is symmetrical in shape

similar to a normal distribution but center peak is much higher, is
(A) Skewed
(B) Mesokurtic
(C) Leptokurtic
(D) Platykurtic

Answer: C
5. When planning to do a social research, it is better to
(A) Approach the topic with an open mind
(B) Do a pilot study before getting stuck into it
(C) Be familiar with literature on the topic
(D) Forget about theory because this is a very practical

Answer: A

6. When academicians are called to deliver lecture or presentations to an audience

on certain topics or a set of topics of educational nature, it is called
(A) Training Program
(B) Seminar
(C) Workshop
(D) Symposium

Answer: B

7. Media is known as
(A) First Estate
(B) Second Estate
(C) Third Estate
(D) Fourth Estate

Answer: D

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2014

1. In a thesis, gures and tables are included in

(A) The appendix
(B) A separate chapter
(C) The concluding chapter
(D) The text itself

Answer: D

2. A thesis statement is
(A) An observation
(B) A fact
(C) An assertion
(D) A discussion

Answer: C

3. The research approach of Max Weber to understand how people create meanings
in natural settings is identi ed as
(A) Positive paradigm
(B) Critical paradigm
(C) Natural paradigm
(D) Interpretative paradigm

Answer: D

4. Which one of the following is a non probability sampling?

(A) Simple Random
(B) Purposive
(C) Systematic
(D) Strati ed

Answer: B

5. Identify the category of evaluation that assesses the learning progress to provide
continuous feedback to the students during instruction.
(A) Placement
(B) Diagnostic
(C) Formative
(D) Summative

Answer: C

6. The research stream of immediate application is

(A) Conceptual research
(B) Action research
(C) Fundamental research
(D) Empirical research

Answer: B
 Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2013 

1. The population information is called parameter while the corresponding sample

information is known as
(A) Universe
(B) Inference
(C) Sampling design
(D) Statistics

Answer: D

2. The sequential operations in scienti c research are

(A) Co-vaiation, Elimination of Spurious Relations, Generalisation, Theorisation
(B) Generalisation, Co-variation, Theorisation, Elimination of Spurious Relations
(C) Theorisation, Generalisation, Elimination of Spurious Relations, Co-variation
(D) Elimination of Spurious Relations, Theorisation, Generalisation, Co-variation.

Answer: A

3. In sampling, the lottery method is used for

(A) Interpretation
(B) Theorisation
(C) Conceptualisation
(D) Randomisation

Answer: D

4. Which is the main objective of research?

(A) To review the literature
(B) To summarize what is already known
(C) To get an academic degree
(D) To discover new facts or to make fresh interpretation of known facts

Answer: D

5. Sampling error decreases with the

(A) Decrease in sample size
(B) Increase in sample size
(C) Process of randomization
(D) Process of analysis

Answer: B

6. The Principles of fundamental research are used in

(A) Action research
(B) Applied research
(C) Philosophical research
(D) Historical research

Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam September 2013 (Retest)

1. Which one of the following is not a type of experimental method?

(A) Single group experiment
(B) Residual group experiment
(C) Parallel group experiment
(D) Rational group experiment

Answer: B

2. Which one of the following is not a non-parametric test ?

(A) t-test
(B) Sign test
(C) Chi-square test
(D) Run test

Answer: A

3. Read the following statements – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Qualitative research in India has a long way to go to reach
international standards.
Reason (R) : Because the funding agencies do not support qualitative research in
academic institutions.
Find the correct answer from the codes given below :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false

Answer: D

4. Identify the correct sequence of research steps :

(A) Selection of topic, review of literature, data collection, interpretation of ndings
(B) Review of literature, selection of topic, data collection, interpretation of ndings
(C) Selection of topic, data collection, review of literature, interpretation of ndings
(D) Selection of topic, review of literature, interpretation of ndings, data collection

Answer: A

5. Deconstruction is a popular method of research in

(A) Basic Science
(B) Applied Science
(C) Social Science
(D) Literature

Answer: D

6. With which one of the following techniques communality is associated?

(A) Univariate analysis
(B) Factor analysis
(C) Case studies
(D) SWOT analysis

Answer: B

7. The variable which impacts the relationship between an independent variable and
a dependent variable is known as
(A) antecedent variable
(B) precedent variable
(C) predictor variable
(D) control variable

Answer: D
8. Which one of the following is a nonprobability sampling method?
(A) Simple Random Sampling
(B) Strati ed Sampling
(C) Cluster Sampling
(D) Quota Sampling

Answer: D

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2013

1. A research paper
(A) is a compilation of information on a topic.
(B) contains original research as deemed by the author.
(C) contains peer-reviewed original research or evaluation of research conducted by
others.
(D) can be published in more than one journal.

Answer: C

2. Which one of the following belongs to the category of good ‘research ethics’?
(A) Publishing the same paper in two research journals without telling the editors.
(B) Conducting a review of the literature that acknowledges the contributions of
other people in the relevant eld or relevant prior work.
(C) Trimming outliers from a data set without discussing your reasons in a research
paper.
(D) Including a colleague as an author on a research paper in return for a favor even
though the colleague did not make a serious contribution to the paper.

Answer: B

3. Which of the following sampling methods is not based on probability?

(A) Simple Random Sampling
(B) Strati ed Sampling
(C) Quota Sampling
(D) Cluster Sampling

Answer: C
4. Which one of the following references is written as per Modern Language
Association (MLA) format?
(A) Hall, Donald. Fundamentals of Electronics, New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India,
2005
(B) Hall, Donald. Fundamentals of Electronics, New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India,
2005
(C) Hall, Donald. Fundamentals of Electronics, New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India,
2005
(D) Hall, Donald. Fundamentals of Electronics, New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India,
2005

Answer: D

5. A workshop is
(A) a conference for discussion on a topic.
(B) a meeting for discussion on a topic.
(C) a class at a college or a university in which a teacher and the students discuss a
topic.
(D) a brief intensive course for a small group emphasizing the development of a skill
or technique for solving a speci c problem.

Answer: D

6. A working hypothesis is
(A) a proven hypothesis for an argument.
(B) not required to be tested.
(C) a provisionally accepted hypothesis for further research.
(D) a scienti c theory.

Answer: C

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2012

1. Which one of the following is an indication of the quality of a research journal?

(A) Impact factor
(B) h-index
(C) g-index
(D) i10-index

Answer: A

2. Good ‘research ethics’ means

(A) Not disclosing the holdings of shares/stocks in a company that sponsors your
research.
(B) Assigning a particular research problem to one Ph.D./research student only.
(C) Discussing with your colleagues con dential data from a research paper that you
are reviewing for an academic journal.
(D) Submitting the same research manuscript for publishing in more than one
journal.

Answer: B

3. Which of the following sampling methods is based on probability?

(A) Convenience sampling
(B) Quota sampling
(C) Judgement sampling
(D) Strati ed sampling

Answer: D

4. Which one of the following references is written according to American

Psychological Association (APA) format?
(A) Sharma, V. (2010). Fundamentals of Computer Science. New Delhi : Tata McGraw
Hill
(B) Sharma, V. 2010. Fundamentals of Computer Science. New Delhi : Tata McGraw
Hill
(C) Sharma.V. 2010. Fundamentals of Computer Science, New Delhi : Tata McGraw
Hill
(D) Sharma, V. (2010), Fundamentals of Computer Science, New Delhi : Tata McGraw
Hill

Answer: A
5. Arrange the following steps of research in correct sequence :
(1) Identi cation of research problem
(2) Listing of research objectives
(3) Collection of data
(4) Methodology
(5) Data analysis
(6) Results and discussion

(A) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6
(B) 1 – 2 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 6
(C) 2 – 1 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6
(D) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 6

Answer: B

6. Identify the incorrect statement:

(A) A hypothesis is made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for
further investigations.
(B) A hypothesis is a basis for reasoning without any assumption of its truth.
(C) Hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
(D) Scienti c hypothesis is a scienti c theory.

Answer: D

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2012

1. The research that aims at immediate application is

(A) Action Research
(B) Empirical Research
(C) Conceptual Research
(D) Fundamental Research

Answer: A

2. When two or more successive footnotes refer to the same work which one of the
following expressions is used ?
(A) ibid
(B) et.al
(C) op.cit :
(D) loc.cit.

Answer: A

3. Nine year olds are taller than seven year olds. This is an example of a reference
drawn from
(A) Vertical study
(B) Cross-sectional study
(C) Time series study
(D) Experimental study

Answer: B

4. Conferences are meant for

(A) Multiple target groups
(B) Group discussions
(C) Show-casing new Research
(D) All the above

Answer: D

5. Ex Post Facto research means

(A) The research is carried out after the incident
(B) The research is carried out prior to the incident
(C) The research is carried out along with the happening of an incident.
(D) The research is carried out keeping in mind the possibilities of an incident.

Answer: A

6. Research ethics do not include

(A) Honesty
(B) Subjectivity
(C) Integrity
(D) Objectivity

Answer: B
 Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2011

1. A hypothesis is a
(A) law
(B) canon
(C) postulate
(D) supposition

Answer: D

2. Suppose you want to investigate the working e ciency of nationalized bank in

India, which one of the following would you follow?
(A) Area Sampling
(B) Multi-stage Sampling
(C) Sequential Sampling
(D) Quota Sampling

Answer: B

3. Controlled group condition is applied in

(A) Survey Research
(B) Historical Research
(C) Experimental Research
(D) Descriptive Research

Answer: C

4. Workshops are meant for

(A) giving lectures
(B) multiple target groups
(C) showcase new theories
(D) hands on training/experience

Answer: D

5. Which one of the following is a research tool?

(A) Graph
(B) Illustration
(C) Questionnaire
(D) Diagram

Answer: C

6. Research is not considered ethical if it

(A) tries to prove a particular point.
(B) does not ensure privacy and anonymity of the respondent.
(C) does not investigate the data scienti cally.
(D) is not of a very high standard.

Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2011

1. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on

(A) Primary Data only
(B) Secondary Data only
(C) Both Primary and Secondary Data
(D) None of the above

Answer: C

2. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as

(A) Descriptive Research
(B) Sample Survey
(C) Fundamental Research
(D) Applied Research

Answer: C

3. A group of experts in a speci c area of knowledge assembled at a place and

prepared a syllabus for a new course. The process may be termed as
(A) Seminar
(B) Workshop
(C) Conference
(D) Symposium
Answer: B

4. In the process of conducting research “Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by

(A) Statement of Objectives
(B) Analysis of Data
(C) Selection of Research Tools
(D) Collection of Data

Answer: D

5. Which one of the following methods is best suited for mapping the distribution of
different crops as provided in the standard classi cation of crops in India ?
(A) Pie diagram
(B) Chorochromatic technique
(C) Isopleth technique
(D) Dot method

Answer: B

6. Which one of the following does not come under the methods of data
classi cation ?
(A) Qualitative
(B) Normative
(C) Spatial
(D) Quantitative

Answer: C

7. Which one of the following is not a source of data ?

(A) Administrative records
(B) Population census
(C) GIS
(D) Sample survey

Answer: A

8. The essential qualities of a researcher are

(A) spirit of free enquiry
(B) reliance on observation and evidence
(C) systematization or theorizing of knowledge
(D) all the above

Answer: D

9. Research is conducted to
I. Generate new knowledge
II. Not to develop a theory
III. Obtain research degree
IV. Reinterpret existing knowledge
Which of the above are correct ?
(A) I, III & II
(B) III, II & IV
(C) II, I & III
(D) I, III & IV

Answer: D

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2010

1. Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

(A) Socio-economic Status
(B) Marital Status
(C) Numerical Aptitude
(D) Professional Attitude

Answer: D

2. A doctor studies the relative effectiveness of two drugs of dengue fever. His
research would be classi ed as
(A) Descriptive Survey
(B) Experimental Research
(C) Case Study
(D) Ethnography

Answer: B
3. The term ‘phenomenology’ is associated with the process of
(A) Qualitative Research
(B) Analysis of Variance
(C) Correlational Study
(D) Probability Sampling

Answer: A

4. The ‘Sociogram’ technique is used to study

(A) Vocational Interest
(B) Professional Competence
(C) Human Relations
(D) Achievement Motivation

Answer: C

5. Which one of the following methods serve to measure correlation between two
variables?
(A) Scatter Diagram
(B) Frequency Distribution
(C) Two-way table
(D) Coe cient of Rank Correlation

Answer: D

6. Which of the following phrases is not relevant to describe the meaning of research
as a process?
(A) Systematic Activity
(B) Objective Observation
(C) Trial and Error
(D) Problem Solving

Answer: B

7. Which of the following is not an example of a continuous variable?

(A) Family size
(B) Intelligence
(C) Height
(D) Attitude
Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2010

1. Action research means

(A) A longitudinal research
(B) An applied research
(C) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
(D) A research with socioeconomic objective

Answer: C

2. Research is
(A) Searching again and again
(B) Finding solution to any problem
(C) Working in a scienti c way to search for truth of any problem
(D) None of the above

Answer: C

3. A common test in research demands much priority on

(A) Reliability
(B) Useability
(C) Objectivity
(D) All of the above

Answer: D

4. Which of the following is the rst step in starting the research process?
(A) Searching sources of information to locate problem.
(B) Survey of related literature
(C) Identi cation of problem
(D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: A
5. If a researcher conducts a research on nding out which administrative style
contributes more to institutional effectiveness ? This will be an example of
(A) Basic Research
(B) Action Research
(C) Applied Research
(D) None of the above

Answer: C

6. Normal Probability Curve should be

(A) Positively skewed
(B) Negatively skewed
(C) Leptokurtic skewed
(D) Zero skewed

Answer: D

7. Which one of the following is the oldest Archival source of data in India ?
(A) National Sample Surveys
(B) Agricultural Statistics
(C) Census
(D) Vital Statistics

Answer: A

8. In a large random data set following normal distribution, the ratio (%) of number of
data points which are in the range of (mean ± standard deviation) to the total number
of data points, is
(A) ~ 50%
(B) ~ 67%
(C) ~ 97%
(D) ~ 47%

Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2009

1. A null hypothesis is
(A) when there is no difference between the variables
(B) the same as research hypothesis
(C) subjective in nature
(D) when there is difference between the variables

Answer: A

2. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called
(A) Philosophical research
(B) Historical research
(C) Mythological research
(D) Content analysis

Answer: B

3. Action research is
(A) An applied research
(B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems
(C) A longitudinal research
(D) Simulative research

Answer: B

4. The process not needed in Experimental Researches is

(A) Observation
(B) Manipulation
(C) Controlling
(D) Content Analysis

Answer: B

5. Manipulation is always a part of

(A) Historical research
(B) Fundamental research
(C) Descriptive research
(D) Experimental research

Answer: C
6. Which correlation co-e cient best explains the relationship between creativity and
intelligence?
(A) 1.00
(B) 0.6
(C) 0.5
(D) 0.3

Answer: A

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2009

1. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced?

(A) Through its impartiality
(B) Through its reliability
(C) Through its validity
(D) All of these

Answer: D

2. Action-research is:
(A) An applied research
(B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems
(C) A longitudinal research
(D) All the above

Answer: B

3. The basis on which assumptions are formulated:

(A) Cultural background of the country
(B) Universities
(C) Speci c characteristics of the castes
(D) All of these

Answer: A

4. Which of the following is classi ed in the category of the developmental research?

(A) Philosophical research
(B) Action research
(C) Descriptive research
(D) All the above

Answer: D

5. We use Factorial Analysis:

(A) To know the relationship between two variables
(B) To test the Hypothesis
(C) To know the difference between two variables
(D) To know the difference among the many variables

Answer: C

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2008

1. The research is always –

(A) verifying the old knowledge
(B) exploring new knowledge
(C) lling the gap between knowledge
(D) all of these

Answer: D

2. The research that applies the laws at the time of eld study to draw more and
more clear ideas about the problem is:
(A) Applied research
(B) Action research
(C) Experimental research
(D) None of these

Answer: C

3. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most

suitable sampling method is:
(A) Cluster Sampling
(B) Strati ed Sampling
(C) Convenient Sampling
(D) Lottery Method
Answer: B

4. The process not needed in experimental research is:

(A) Observation
(B) Manipulation and replication
(C) Controlling
(D) Reference collection

Answer: A

5. A research problem is not feasible only when:

(A) it is researchable
(B) it is new and adds something to knowledge
(C) it consists of independent and dependent variables
(D) it has utility and relevance

Answer: C

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2008

1. Research problem is selected from the stand point of:

(A) Researcher’s interest
(B) Financial support
(C) Social relevance
(D) Availability of relevant literature

Answer: C

2. Which one is called non-probability sampling?

(A) Cluster sampling
(B) Quota sampling
(C) Systematic sampling
(D) Strati ed random sampling

Answer: B
3. Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in:
(A) Survey method
(B) Historical studies
(C) Experimental studies
(D) Normative studies

Answer: B

4. Field-work based research is classi ed as:

(A) Empirical
(B) Historical
(C) Experimental
(D) Biographical

Answer: A

5. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of

AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006?
(A) Cluster sampling
(B) Systematic sampling
(C) Quota sampling
(D) Strati ed random sampling

Answer: B

6. A statistical measure based upon the entire population is called parameter while
measure based upon a sample is known as:
(A) Sample parameter
(B) Inference
(C) Statistics
(D) None of these

Answer: C

7. The importance of the correlation co-e cient lies in the fact that:
(A) There is a linear relationship between the correlated variables.
(B) It is one of the most valid measure of statistics.
(C) It allows one to determine the degree or strength of the association between two
variables.
(D) It is a non-parametric method of statistical analysis.

Answer: C

8. The F-test:
(A) is essentially a two tailed test.
(B) is essentially a one tailed test.
(C) can be one tailed as well as two tailed depending on the hypothesis.
(D) can never be a one tailed test.

Answer: C

9. Which one of the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?
(A) National Family Health Surveys
(B) National Sample Surveys
(C) Census
(D) Demographic Health Surveys

Answer: C

10. Which one of the following principles is not applicable to sampling?

(A) Sample units must be clearly de ned
(B) Sample units must be dependent on each other
(C) Same units of sample should be used throughout the study
(D) Sample units must be chosen in a systematic and objective manner

Answer: B

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2007

1. Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as:

(A) Data analysis and interpretation
(B) Parameter inference
(C) Statistical inference
(D) All of the above
Answer : A

2. The experimental study is based on:

(A) The manipulation of variables
(B) Conceptual parameters
(C) Replication of research
(D) Survey of literature

Answer : A

3. The main characteristic of scienti c research is:

(A) empirical
(B) theoretical
(C) experimental
(D) all of the above

Answer : D

4. Authenticity of a research nding is its:

(A) Originality
(B) Validity
(C) Objectivity
(D) All of the above

Answer : C

5. Which technique is generally followed when the population is nite?

(A) Area Sampling Technique
(B) Purposive Sampling Technique
(C) Systematic Sampling Technique
(D) None of the above

Answer : C

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2007

1. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses:
(A) t test
(B) ANOVA
(C) X2
(D) factorial analysis

Answer : B

2. A research problem is feasible only when:

(A) it has utility and relevance
(B) it is researchable
(C) it is new and adds something to knowledge
(D) all the above

Answer : D

3. Bibliography given in a research report:

(A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher
(B) helps those interested in further research
(C) has no relevance to research
(D) all the above

Answer : B

4. Fundamental research re ects the ability to:

(A) Synthesize new ideals
(B) Expound new principles
(C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research
(D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Answer : B

5. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as:
(A) Survey Research
(B) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research
(C) Historical Research
(D) Summative Research

Answer : B
6. A ratio represents the relation between:
(A) Part and Part
(B) Part and Whole
(C) Whole and Whole
(D) All of the above

Answer : D

7. Out of four numbers, the average of the rst three numbers is thrice the fourth
number. If the average of the four numbers is 5, the fourth number is:
(A) 4.5
(B) 5
(C) 2
(D) 4

Answer : C

8. Circle graphs are used to show:

(A) How various sections share in the whole?
(B) How various parts are related to the whole?
(C) How one whole is related to other wholes
(D) How one part is related to other parts?

Answer : B

9. Which of the following methods will you choose to prepare choropleth map of
India showing urban density of population:
(A) Quartiles
(B) Quintiles
(C) Mean and SD
(D) Break – point

Answer : A

10. Which of the following methods is best suited to show on a map the types of
crops being grown in a region?
(A) Choropleth
(B) Chorochromatic
(C) Choroschematic
(D) Isopleth

Answer : A

Question Based on UGC NET Exam December 2006

1. Research can be conducted by a person who:

(A) has studied research methodology
(B) holds a postgraduate degree
(C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability
(D) is a hard worker

Answer: (A)

2. Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) Objectives of research are stated in rst chapter of the thesis
(B) Researcher must possess analytical ability
(C) Variability is the source of problem
(D) All the above

Answer: (D)

3. Which of the following is not the Method of Research?

(A) Observation
(B) Historical
(C) Survey
(D) Philosophical

Answer: (A)

4. Research can be classi ed as:

(A) Basic, Applied and Action Research
(B) Quantitative and Qualitative Research
(C) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research
(D) All the above
Answer: (D)

5. The rst step of research is:

(A) Selecting a problem
(B) Searching a problem
(C) Finding a problem
(D) Identifying a problem

Answer: (D)

Question Based on UGC NET Exam June 2006                       

1. Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?
(I) to keep pace with the advancement in knowledge.
(II) to discover new things.
(III) to write a critique on the earlier writings.
(IV) to systematically examine and critically analyse the investigations/sources with
objectivity.

(A) IV, II and I

(B) I, II and III
(C) I and III
(D) II, III and IV

Answer: (A)

2. Match List-I (Interviews) with List-II (Meaning) and select the correct answer from
the code given below:
List – I (Interviews) List – II (Meaning)
(a) structured interviews (i) greater exibility approach
(b) Unstructured interviews (ii) attention on the questions to be answered
(c) Focused interviews (iii) individual life experience
(d) Clinical interviews (iv) Pre determined question
(v) non-directive
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(B) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(C) (v) (ii) (iv) (i)
(D) (i) (iii) (v) (iv)

Answer: (A)

3. What do you consider as the main aim of inter disciplinary research?

(A) To bring out holistic approach to research.
(B) To reduce the emphasis of single subject in research domain.
(C) To over simplify the problem of research.
(D) To create a new trend in research methodology.

Answer: (A)

4. One of the aims of the scienti c method in research is to:

(A) improve data interpretation
(B) eliminate spurious relations
(C) con rm triangulation
(D) introduce new variables

Answer: (B)

5. The depth of any research can be judged by:

(A) title of the research.
(B) objectives of the research.
(C) total expenditure on the research.
(D) duration of the research.

Answer: (B)
 

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