Cheska Maternal Assignment

Name: Cheska Marie Montebon
Date: September 2,2019

Year and Section: BSN 2-E
Topic: Theories of Labor, Components of Labor & Stages of Labor
A.) Define the following key terms:
1. Ripening – Semen does contain prostaglandins, which can be

helpful in softening. If a cervix is ready to ripen, semen
prostaglandin could possibly stimulate the beginning of the
contractions.
2. Fetal Descent – is downward movement of the biparietal diameter

of the fetal head within the pelvic inlet. Full descent occurs when
the fetal head protrudes beyond the dilated cervix and touches the
posterior vagina floor.
3. Molding – is overlapping of skull bones along the sutures lines,

which causes a change in the shape of the fetal skull to one long
and narrow, a shape that facilitate passage through the rigid pelvis.
4. Attitude – describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during

labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other.
5. Cardinal Movement of the Labor – descent, flexion internal rotation,

extension, external rotation, and expulsion. This position is termed
cardinal movement of the labor.
6. Effacement – is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.
7. Transition – during this phase, contractions reach their peak of

intensity, occurring every 2-3 minutes with a duration of 60 to 80
seconds, and a maximum cervical dilatation of 8 to 10 cm occurs.
8. Power – the third important requirement for a successful labor is

effective power of labor. This is the force supplied by the fundus of
the uterus and implemented by uterine contractions, which causes
cervical dilatation and then expulsion of the fetus from the uterus.
9. Breech Presentation – mean either the buttocks or the feet are the
first body parts that will contacts the cervix often becomes
edematous from the continued pressure against it.
10. Passage – refers to the route a fetus must travel from the uterus
through the cervix and vagina to the external perineum.
B.) Draw and describe the following fetal positions.
1. LOA – left occipitoanterior

2. ROA – Right occipitoanterior
3. LOP – Left occipitoposterior
4. ROP – Right occipitoposterior
5. LOT – Left occipitotransversely
C.) Differentiate False labor from True labor
 The false labor is when contractions are often irregular and do not
get closer together while true labor contractions come at regular
intervals and get closer together as time goes on.
D.) Discuss three factors that may influence the beginning of

labor.
 The uterine muscle stretches from the increasing size of the fetus,
which results in release of prostaglandins.
 The fetus presses on the cervix, which stimulates the release of
oxytocin.
 Oxytocin stimulation works together with prostaglandins to initiate
contractions.
 Changes in the ratio of estrogen to progesterone occurs, increasing
estrogen in relation to progesterone, which is progesterone
withdrawal.
 The placenta reaches a set age, which triggers contractions.
 Rising fetal cortisol levels reduce progesterone formation and
increase prostaglandin formation.
 The fetal membrane begins to produce prostaglandins, which
stimulate contractions.
E.) Prepare a teaching plan for a woman in the different stages of

labor.
1. The First Stage of Labor

 Women should be able to move about freely throughout labor, not
be confined to bed.
 Women should receive continuous support from a caring support
person during labor.
 No interventions such as intravenous fluid should be used routinely.
 Women should be allowed to assume a nonsupine position such as
upright and side lying for birth.
 Mother and baby should be housed together after the birth, with
unlimited opportunity for breastfeeding.
2. The Second Stage of Labor

 Positioning for birth (More effective birth positions include the
lateral, sims position, dorsal recumbent position and squatting. Using
these positions plus warm compress to the perineum place less
tension on the perineum and result in fewer perineal tears.
 The water Birth
Women may not only use a warm water tub for the labor comfort
and relaxation but also to give birth under water. The increased
buoyancy they feel from the water helps them change position
easily.
 Promoting effective second-stage pushing
Pushing is usually best done from a semi – Fowler’s position with
legs raised against the abdomen, squatting, or on all-fours rather
than lying flat to allow gravity to aid the effort.
 Perineal cleaning and message
Massaging the perineum as the fetal head enlarges the vaginal
opening helps to keep it supple and prevent tearing.
 The Birth
As soon as the head of the fetus is prominent at the vaginal opening,
one technique to help the fetus achieve extension and allow the
smallest head diameter to present is for the care provider to place a
sterile towel over the rectum and press forward on the fetal chin
while the other hand presses downward on the occiput.
 Cutting and clamping the cord
Cutting the cord is part of the stimulus that initiates a first breath or
marks the newborn’s most important transition into the outside
world.
 Introducing Infant
3. The Third and Fourth Stages of Labor

 The delivery of the placenta
 The perineal inspection
 The immediate postpartum assessment and nursing care

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Name: Cheska Marie Montebon

Date: September 2,2019

Topic: Theories of Labor, Components of Labor & Stages of Labor

A.) Define the following key terms:

1. Ripening – Semen does contain prostaglandins, which can be

2. Fetal Descent – is downward movement of the biparietal diameter

3. Molding – is overlapping of skull bones along the sutures lines,

4. Attitude – describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during

5. Cardinal Movement of the Labor – descent, flexion internal rotation,

6. Effacement – is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.

7. Transition – during this phase, contractions reach their peak of

8. Power – the third important requirement for a successful labor is

B.) Draw and describe the following fetal positions.

1. LOA – left occipitoanterior

C.) Differentiate False labor from True labor

D.) Discuss three factors that may influence the beginning of

E.) Prepare a teaching plan for a woman in the different stages of

1. The First Stage of Labor

2. The Second Stage of Labor

3. The Third and Fourth Stages of Labor

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