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    Review of Pre-Calculus - Calculus Volume 1 - OpenStax

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    Shane Buraga
    Formulas from various areas of mathematics are presented. These include formulas for: - Geometry such as formulas for area, volume, and lateral surface area. - Algebra such as laws of exponents, factorizations of quadratic expressions, and the binomial theorem. - Trigonometry such as right-angle trigonometry, trig functions of important angles, fundamental identities, laws of sines and cosines, and addition/subtraction/double-angle formulas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Review of Pre-Calculus - Calculus Volume 1 - OpenStax

    Uploaded by

    Shane Buraga
    27 views4 pages
    Formulas from various areas of mathematics are presented. These include formulas for: - Geometry such as formulas for area, volume, and lateral surface area. - Algebra such as laws of exponents, factorizations of quadratic expressions, and the binomial theorem. - Trigonometry such as right-angle trigonometry, trig functions of important angles, fundamental identities, laws of sines and cosines, and addition/subtraction/double-angle formulas.

    Original Description:

    Pre Calculus

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    Formulas from various areas of mathematics are presented. These include formulas for: - Geometry such as formulas for area, volume, and lateral surface area. - Algebra such as laws of exponents, factorizations of quadratic expressions, and the binomial theorem. - Trigonometry such as right-angle trigonometry, trig functions of important angles, fundamental identities, laws of sines and cosines, and addition/subtraction/double-angle formulas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views4 pages

    Review of Pre-Calculus - Calculus Volume 1 - OpenStax

    Uploaded by

    Shane Buraga
    Formulas from various areas of mathematics are presented. These include formulas for: - Geometry such as formulas for area, volume, and lateral surface area. - Algebra such as laws of exponents, factorizations of quadratic expressions, and the binomial theorem. - Trigonometry such as right-angle trigonometry, trig functions of important angles, fundamental identities, laws of sines and cosines, and addition/subtraction/double-angle formulas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Formulas from Geometry

    A = area, V = Volume, and S = lateral surface area

    Formulas from Algebra

    Laws of Exponents
    m
    m n m+n x m−n m n mn
    x x = x n
    = x (x ) = x
    x

    n
    n
    −n 1 n n n x x
    x = n
    (xy) = x y ( ) = n
    x y y

    −
    − n
    √x
    1/n n −
    − n −− n −
    −n x
    x = √x √xy = √x √y √
    n
    = n
    y √y

    m/n n −
    −−
    m n −
    − m
    x = √x = (√x )

    Special Factorizations
    2 2
    x − y = (x + y) (x − y)

    3 3 2 2
    x + y = (x + y) (x − xy + y )

    3 3 2 2
    x − y = (x − y) (x + xy + y )
    Quadratic Formula
    2
    −b±√b −4ca
    If ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then x = .
    2a

    Binomial Theorem
    n
    n n n
    n n−1 n−2 2 n−1 n
    (a + b) = a + ( )a b + ( )a b + ⋯ + ( ) ab + b ,
    1 2 n − 1

    n n(n−1)(n−2)⋯(n−k+1)
    where (
    n!
    ) = =
    k(k−1)(k−2)⋯3⋅2⋅1 k!(n−k)!
    k

    Formulas from Trigonometry

    Right-Angle Trigonometry
    opp hyp
    sin θ = csc θ =
    hyp opp

    adj hyp
    cos θ = sec θ =
    hyp adj

    opp adj
    tan θ = cot θ =
    adj opp

    Trigonometric Functions of Important Angles

    θ Radians sin θ cos θ tan θ

    0° 0 0 1 0

    – –
    30° π/6 1/2 √3/2 √3/3

    – –
    45° π/4 √2/2 √2/2 1

    – –
    60° π/3 √3/2 1/2 √3

    90° π/2 1 0 —

    Fundamental Identities
    2 2
    sin θ + cos θ = 1 sin (− θ) = −sin θ

    2 2
    1 + tan θ = sec θ cos (− θ) = cos θ

    2 2
    1 + cot θ = csc θ tan (− θ) = −tan θ

    π
    sin ( − θ) = cos θ sin (θ + 2π) = sin θ
    2

    π
    cos ( − θ) = sin θ cos (θ + 2π) = cos θ
    2

    π
    tan ( − θ) = cot θ tan (θ + π) = tan θ
    2

    Law of Sines
    sin A sin B sin C
    = =
    a b c

    Law of Cosines
    2 2 2
    a = b + c − 2bc cos A

    2 2 2
    b = a + c − 2ac cos B

    2 2 2
    c = a + b − 2ab cos C

    Addition and Subtraction Formulas


    sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y

    sin (x − y) = sin x cos y − cos x sin y

    cos (x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y

    cos (x − y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

    tan x+tany
    tan (x + y) =
    1−tan x tany

    tan x−tany
    tan (x − y) =
    1+tan x tany

    Double-Angle Formulas
    sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

    2 2 2 2
    cos 2x = cos x − sin x = 2 cos x − 1 = 1 − 2 sin x

    2 tan x
    tan 2x =
    2
    1−tan x

    Half-Angle Formulas
    2 1−cos 2x
    sin x =
    2

    2 1+cos 2x
    cos x =
    2

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