Regulator Sizing

REGULATOR
SIZING
- 107 -
DEFINITIONS RELATING TO REGULATOR CAPACITY
The capacities contained in this bulletin are based on a specific minimum controlled flow is often considered as being at 5% of
level of performance by the regulator. The measure of perform- rated capacity.
ance is accuracy of regulation, also known as offset or deviation. * SET POINT is the value of the regulated pressure at minimum
Each table is appended with a footnote indicating the accuracy controlled flow.
of regulation obtainable at the rated capacities listed.
* RATED CAPACITY of a pressure regulator pertains to specified
Pertinent terms involved in the determination of accuracy of inlet and outlet conditions and is the rate of flow through the
regulation and rated capacity are defined as follows: regulator, guaranteed by the manufacturer, when the regulated
* REGULATED VARIABLE is the controlled condition of the pressure deviates no more than a specified number of psi from
fluid either (1) flowing through a regulator or (2) in a process the set pressure at minimum controlled flow.
served by a regulator. Reduced pressure, back pressure and * ACCURACY OF REGULATION is the amount by which the
differential pressure are the typical regulated variables to be regulated pressure deviates from set point at minimum
dealt with in this instance. Other cases, such as vapor pressure controlled flow as the flow through the regulator is gradually
produced by a steam-heated vapor generator, will be found. increased from minimum to rated capacity.
* MINIMUM CONTROLLED FLOW is the lowest flow at which * LOCK-UP is the increase from set value due to dead end shut-off.
a steady condition of fluid pressure can be maintained. Any
further reduction of flow produces a noticeable deviation of the * Adapted from “Definitions of Regulator Capacities”, Standard
regulated pressure toward dead-end shut off. For convenience, No. FCI 58-1, published by Fluid Controls Institute, Inc.
50
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE

40 SPENCE TYPE ED
REDUCED PRESSURE - psi
INLET PRESSURE 100 psi
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
FLOW - PERCENT
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE NOTES ON USE OF TABLES

The performance characteristic of a Spence Pressure Regulator The lowest reduced pressures are approximate critical pressures.
is shown above. Using this curve to illustrate several terms of No appreciable increase in flow can be obtained at lower pressures.
reference, the following facts are evident: Downstream pipe size should be enlarged at regulator outlet to
approximately equalize pipe velocities before and after the
REGULATED VARIABLE REDUCED PRESSURE reduction. The Steam Capacity Tables are useful for determining
steam pipe sizes and regulator size at any desired lower velocity
Minimum Controlled Flow…………………………4% level.
Set Point …………………………………………25.0 Reduced Seats—Spence Regulators are available with a choice
Reduced Pressure at Rated (100%) Flow …22.5 psi of seat sizes called Full and Normal Ports. There is a capacity
table for each port with standard plugs. The Cv Valve Coefficients
Accuracy of Regulation, psi …………………2.5 psi
shown on the back page, indicate where 75% and 50%
Accuracy of Regulation, % of set pressure ……10% parabolic plugs are available. For a given pressure drop, rated
flows with various ports and plugs in the same size body may be
compared. Thus, valve and port size may be selected to limit
The slight slope of the curve establishes a definite relationship velocities entering and leaving the regulator. Lower velocities
between flow and regulated pressure. Note that 1 psi accuracy mean a greater proportion of the pressure drop occurs at the
of regulation is obtainable at 95% of rated flow. valve seat, where it belongs, rather than in the body outlet and
For back pressure regulation, or differential where the regulator connected piping.
opens on increasing differential, the characteristic curve would lie Capacity ratings apply to Spence Regulators with Type D, N and
opposite to that shown. It would slope upward with flow increase Q Pilots which are spring loaded and have 31/2 inch diaphragms.
because a positive deviation is required to cancel valve opening. Other pilots having greater or lesser sensitivity will provide
proportionally greater or less accuracy of regulation.
PLANNING MAIN VALVE INSTALLATION
A. PLANNING THE INSTALLATION C. DESIGN GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NOISE
1. Locate the valve in a straight run of horizontal pipe. See Fig. 1. 1. Size the regulator to provide a maximum inlet velocity of
2. Allow headroom above the valve for access through the blind about 10,000 FPM.
flange. Provide clearance for stem withdrawal underneath. 2. Determine the regulator outlet velocity. if it would exceed
3. Prevent water hammer and erratic operation by installing 30,000 FPM, use a Spence muffling orifice or a second stage
traps to provide proper drainage before and after the valve, regulator.
and before secondary PRV or control valve. 3 Expand regulator outlet piping to limit discharge line velocity
4. Avoid damaging affects of scale and dirt in pipe lines by to about 10,000 FPM.
using a strainer as shown in Fig. 1 . 4. Avoid abrupt changes in pipe size. Limit pipe diameter
5. Provide a 3-valve by-pass to facilitate inspection without changes to two pipe sizes per stage of expansion. Do not
interrupting service. use eccentric reducers.
6. To eliminate excessive noise and erratic regulation with 5. Directional changes in downstream piping should be made
steam and other compressible fluids enlarge the delivery only after the line size has been increased. Use long radius
pipe size to effect a reasonable flow velocity at the reduced fittings; avoid bull-head tee connection.
pressure. A tapered transition is recommended. If possible, 6. Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of
avoid a sharp turn close to the regulator outlet and a bull- regulator as possible:
headed tee connection to the low pressure main. a - 10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet.
7. Install initial and delivery pressure gauges to indicate b - 20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from
performance. If the pressure rating of the delivery system or the outlet.
connected equipment is less than the initial steam pressure, 7. Size all piping components, including strainer and stop valves
provide a safety valve. for a maximum flow velocity of about 10,000 FPM (Exception:
B. CONTROL PIPE An outlet stop valve mounted at the regulator outlet should
1. Use 1/4” pipe for this line which connects the pilot diaphragm be equal in size to the regulator). In areas where low sound
chamber to the desired point of pressure control. See Fig. 1. levels are specified, reduce this limit by 25% to 50%.
2. Take the control at a point of minimum turbulence. Avoid 8. To limit noise transmission through the building’s structure.
control immediately at the valve outlet or after a turn. When keep the regulator and piping at least 3 feet away from solid
the delivery pipe expands in size select a spot at least 4 pipe surfaces. Use sound-isolating piping supports.
diameters beyond the point of enlargement. 9. Apply high density insulation to the regulator body, piping and
3. Pitch away from pilot to avoid erratic operation and fouling. system components. Insulation reduces heat loss significantly
Eliminate water pockets. and can provide moderate (3-6 dB) local noise attenuation.
4. Locate delivery pressure gauge in control pipe to show 10. Use a Spence noise suppressor to reduce the propagation
pressure actually reaching pilot diaphragm. of noise via the downstream piping.
1. Inlet Pipe 7. Delivery Pipe

2. Isolation Valve 8. SRV Type
3. Strainer 9. Drip Pan Elbow
4. PRV Type 10. Vent Stack
5. Bypass Pipe 11. Low Pressure Trap
6. Bypass Valve 12. High Pressure Trap
10
Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible:

● 10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet. 8
● 20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from the outlet.
1
6
5
10 d1
2 4 2 20 d2
7
d1
d2
3 Min. 4 d2
11
12
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION
When you select a Main Valve, your sizing can be based on type for your application, and then to the Capacity Tables and
one of three methods. They are: select the size that will provide you with the capacity needed.
ECONOMICAL MAIN VALVE Verify that the velocities fall within the guidelines by consulting
the Velocity Charts in this Section.
Economical Main Valve Selection is choosing a regulator that
has the line size and rough capacity to handle the load. No ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE WITH NOISE SUPPRESSION
consideration is given to velocities or noise. If you are Engineered Main Valve Selection with Noise Suppression
interested in an economical selection, select a regulator type considers both velocity and noise suppression in the selection
for your application, then go to the Capacity Tables and select of the regulator. For this selection, it is recommended that you
the size that will provide you with the capacity needed. contact your local Spence Technical Sales Representative who
ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE can provide you with a computer generated solution.
Engineered Main Valve Selection takes into consideration the SELECTING A REGULATOR TYPE
inlet and outlet velocities of the regulator, It will limit these The following rules should be used to help you to determine
velocities to acceptable standards. See Pressure Reducing the type of regulator that you should use. You should consult
Station Design Guidelines on the following pages for details. If the Product Pages, Velocity Tables and Capacity Tables for
you are interested in an engineered selection, select a regulator additional information on your selection.
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–STEAM SERVICE

Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for
maximum initial pressures and temperatures and “minimum differentials”for the several types of Main Valve. For pressure reduction
where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE (b) TYPE E5 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%
to 96%of Initial Pressure.
RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi:
RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi:
(a) TYPE E – Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than
75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50 (a) TYPE E2 – Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differ-
ential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings).
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–AIR SERVICE

Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for
maximum initial pressures and temperatures and “minimum differentials”for the several types of Main Valve.For pressure reduction
where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE (b) TYPE E6 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%
RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi:
(c) TYPE E5 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 93%
(a) TYPE E – Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than
75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50
psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differ- RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi:
ential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings). (a) TYPE E2 – Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–WATER SERVICE

Pilot Operated Regulators are not uniformly successful in liquid pressure reducing service unless the delivery system has unusual
cushioning such as afforded by an elevated tank or large air chamber.
WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select where high lift is desired
The TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE was developed or special flow requirements encountered.
for application on rapidly changing and intermittent flow to an RULE 3. When pressure drop across valve is between 5 and
inflexible system. 10 psi:
RULE 1. Select TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE for (a) TYPE E5 - Select for pressure drops not less than 5 psi.
pressure reducing service. (b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select if auxiliary operation is
possible.
FOR PILOT OPERATED WATER REGULATORS
When a pilot operated regulator is required the following rules Together with the above rules, reference should be made to
for the selection of a main valve govern: the Main Valve Specification Table for maximum initial pres-
sures and temperatures and “minimum differentials” for the
RULE 2. When pressure drop across valve exceeds 10 psi: several types of Main Valves.
(a) TYPE C34 -Select for all normal requirements.
VALVE SIZING BY COMPUTATION
FORMULA KEY
A = Area of Pipe in (inches)2 ∆PS = P1 – Pv when P2 > Pv

Cv = Valve Coefficient
EDR
F
=
=
Equivalent Direct Radiation (Sq. Ft.)
Pipe Area Factor (see Pipe Factors Table)
∆PS = P1 – (.96 – .28
√ P
P ) P when P < P
v
C
q = Liquid Flow Rate, U.S. gpm
v 2 v
ft = Feet Q = Flow Rate, SCFH

G = Specific Gravity T = Absolute T (T + 460)°R
∆P = Pressure Drop,P1 – P2 psi TSH = Steam Superheat (°F) =
P1 = Inlet Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) Total Steam Temp. – Saturated Steam Temp.
P2 = Reduced Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) v = Specific Volume FT3/#
Pc = Pressure at Thermodynamic Critical Point, V = Velocity, FPM
psia (water = 3206 psia) W = Steam Flow, #/Hr.
Pv = Vapor Pressure, psia Ws = Flow, #/Hr. Superheated Steam
To avoid interpolation or solve problems beyond the scope of the table, valve sizes may be determined by calculation as follows:
Cv LOADS
SUBCRITICAL CRITICAL GPM X Temp. Rise (°F)
WATER W=
2
SATURATED P2 > .58 P1 P2 < .58 P1 GPM
STEAM: W FUEL OIL W= X Temp. Rise (°F)
Cv= W 4
Cv=
2.1 √∆P (P1 + P2) 1.71 P1 AIR W = CFM X Temp. Rise (°F)
900
2
SUPERHEATED P2 > .55 P1 P2 < .55 P1 RADIATION W= f EDR
4
STEAM: Cv= W (1 + .0007TSH) Cv= W (1 + .0007TSH)
2.1 √∆P (P1 + P2) 1.75 P1 ABSORPTION W = 16-20 #/Hr./Ton-Hr.
STM. ATOM W = 0.1 #/Hr./#Oil

GAS: P2 > .5 P1 P2 < .5 P1
Q
Cv= 963 √∆P (PGT P )
1+ 2
Cv= Q √GT
834 P1
VELOCITY
LIQUID: P2 > P1 – .85 ∆PS P2 < P1 – .85 ∆PS Wv
STEAM V = 2.4
√∆PG √∆PG
A
Cv= q Cv= .93q
S
PIPE FACTORS
FOR STANDARD
(SCHEDULE 40) PIPE
SIZE FACTOR SIZE FACTOR
FLOW 1
/8 .55 3 /21
95
14/ 1.0 4 122
STEAM W = .0433 x V x F 3/8
v 1.8 5 192
1
/2 2.9 6 278
AIR & GASES Q = .0259 x V x F x P1 3/4
T 5.1 8 481
1 8.3 10 758
LIQUIDS q = .0054 x V x F 11/4 14 12 1076
11/2 20 14 1301
2 32 16 1699
21/2 46 18 2151
3 71 20 2673
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION DESIGN GUIDELINES
I. SINGLE STAGE PRESSURE REGULATOR A. When intermediate steam pressure is required.
1. When to use single stage regulator: B. When concerned with PRV generated noise, use two
stage station when specific volume ratio, outlet to inlet, is
A. When load turndown requirement is generally no greater greater than 3 to 1, unless manufacturer offers
than 10:1. assurance or other means of meeting noise specification.
B. When ratio of specific volume of steam, outlet to inlet, is C. When complying with Power Piping Code ANSI B31.1-
no greater than 3 to 1. 1986, which reads, in part, “in district heating and steam
C. When only one reduced steam pressure level is distribution systems where the steam pressure does not
required. exceed 400 psi (2758 kPa) and where the use of relief
valves and vent piping are not feasible, two or more
II. PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS pressure reducing valves may be installed in series, each
set at or below the safe working pressure of equipment
1. When to use parallel pressure regulator stations:
served and no relief valve is required.”
A. When maximum specified capacity requires selection of
a pressure regulator greater than 12 inch pipe size. (It IV. TWO STAGE
may be more economical to install two smaller valves PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS†
than one very large one.)
1. Whenever any condition from II and any condition from III
B. When normal conditions require operation at 10% or applies.
less of specified maximum capacity for sustained
periods. SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR REDUCING STATIONS
C. When there are two distinct load requirements; i.e., 1. Following are rules of thumb for approximating space
summer/winter operation. requirements for installing reducing stations:
2. When to use a pneumatically operated parallel pressure A. Single stage (with or without noise suppressors)
regulator station: Inlet side: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size
A. When the combined accuracy of regulation of Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where
mechanically operated controls is unacceptable. final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm
For Spence mechanically operated regulators normal line velocity.
sizing/selection results in accuracy of regulation of B. Two stage
approximately 5% of set pressure. Combined accuracy
of regulation of mechanically operated parallel installed Inlet side of primary: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size.
regulators is approximately 10% of set pressure. Intermediate: twenty (20) diameters of secondary PRV pipe
Pneumatically operated regulators equipped with reset size.
maintain set point within 1% for all sustained flows. Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where
final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm
III. TWO STAGE PRESSURE REGULATORS† line velocity.
1. When to use two stage pressure regulator stations: C. Two stage with muffling orifice; same as A above.
† Primary PRV requires optional base bypass and 1/8" bleedport.
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION GENERAL SPECIFICATION

A.Pressure Reducing Station shall consist of: D.Unions shall be used on either side of screwed end by-
- pressure regulator pass valve and pressure regulator to facilitate removal.
- inlet strainer E. Pressure regulators 2-1/2” and larger shall have flanged
- inlet and outlet stop valves (gate type) ends and be suitable for pressure and temperature
- by-pass valve (globe type) specified.
- trap at inlet to pressure regulator F. Limit pressure regulator inlet velocity to:
- pressure gauges on inlet and outlet of station
- pressure relief valve downstream of regulator Up to and including 2” 15,000 FPM
2 1/2” thru 8” 10,000 FPM
B.Stop valves and strainer shall be at least pressure regulator size Above 8” 8,000 FPM
C.Expand pressure regulator outlet pipe size to obtain G.Regulator sound pressure level while operating at specified
discharge line velocity which will not exceed: maximum capacity shall not exceed 90 dbA as measured
Up to and including 2” 15,000 FPM at a point three feet downstream and three feet from
2 1/2” up to 8” 10,000 FPM uninsulated pipe surface.
Above 8” 8,000 FPM H.Pressure regulator capacity shall not be greater than 120 of
Regulator outlet velocity shall be limited to: specified maximum capacity.
Up to and including 2” 45,000 FPM I. For details of safety valve sizing and installation, please
2 1/ 2” up to 8” 30,000 FPM refer to the latest National Board Inspection Code and
Above 8” 24,000 FPM ANSI B31.1 Code.
REGULATOR CV DATA
Valve E E2 E5,E6 C34 D D34 D50 N6 Series
Size Normal Normal Normal Full Full Full 2000
Normal Full 60% 50%
50% 75% 50% 75%
1
/4 — — — — — — — — — — .25 — — — —
38
/ — — .65 — — 1.5 — — — — .32 — — — —
12
/ — — 1.5 1.4 2.1 2.8 — — — — .32 — 2.2 — .4-5.22
3
/4 — — 4.8 2.7 4.0 5.4 7.6 5.7 7.6 — — — 3.3 5.3 6.85
1 — — 7.5 4.4 6.6 8.8 11.7 10.0 11.7 5.5 — 3.3 4.9 9.2 9.15
11/4 — — 10.4 7.0 10.6 14.1 18.9 13.4 18.9 12.5 — 7.5 5.0 14.3 14.3
11/2 — — 14.6 9.9 14.8 19.8 27.4 19.8 27.4 17.3 — 10.4 10.1 20.8 15.1
2 — — 17.6 15.5 23.3 31 44 25 43 24 — 14.4 10.8 37.5 17.2
21/2 12 18 24 22 33 44 68 35 67 36 — 21.6 — 60 —
3 22 33 43 37 56 74 96 59 95 53 — 32 — — —
4 39 59 78 55 82 109 143 120 159 86 — 52 — — —
5 58 87 115 85 127 169 202 176 258 139 — 84 — — —
6 76 114 151 124 186 248 255 228 350 196 — 118 — — —
8 125 187 249 222 333 444 465 366 665 — — — — — —
10 189 283 377 353 530 706 748 525 1018 — — — — — —
12 316 474 631 557 835 1113 1118 952 1611 — — — — — —
75% AND 50% REDUCED TRIM (Parabolic)

The Parabolic Discs given in the above table are designed to:
a) Improve performance at minimum flows by improving stability over wide flow ranges.
b) Provide easy field conversion to obtain a substantial increase or decrease in regulator Cv to meet system load requirements.
c) Facilitate selection of smaller size safety relief valves.
d) Size more precisely to the required Cv, thereby eliminating one of the most frequent causes of poor performance.
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR)
Based on Schedule 40 Pipe
SIZES 1/4" THROUGH 2"
VEL., FPM 45000 45000 45000 45000 45000 45000 45000 45000
PRESS. REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches)
(PSIG) 1
/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2
-10 23 43 68 120 195 337 458 755
-5 51 93 148 260 422 730 994 1638
0 73 134 213 373 605 1046 1424 2348
5 97 178 284 498 807 1396 1900 3132
10 120 220 350 613 994 1720 2342 3860
15 142 260 415 728 1179 2041 2778 4579
20 164 301 479 841 1363 2359 3210 5292
25 186 341 543 953 1545 2673 3639 5998
30 208 381 607 1065 1726 2987 4065 6700
40 251 460 732 1285 2083 3605 4906 8087
50 293 538 857 1504 2437 4217 5740 9461
60 336 616 981 1721 2789 4827 6570 10829
70 377 692 1102 1934 3134 5424 7383 12170
80 420 770 1225 2150 3485 6031 8209 13531
90 461 846 1347 2364 3831 6630 9024 14874
100 503 922 1468 2577 4176 7228 9838 16216
125 607 1113 1771 3108 5037 8718 11866 19558
150 710 1302 2072 3636 5893 10198 13881 22879
175 813 1491 2374 4166 6752 11685 15905 26216
200 916 1680 2675 4694 7608 13166 17921 29539
250 1121 2057 3274 5746 9313 16118 21938 36160
300 1336 2452 3902 6848 11099 19209 26145 43094

VEL., FPM 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 24000 24000
(PSIG) 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
-10 718 1109 1910 3002 4335 7507 9466 13437
-5 1558 2405 4142 6509 9399 16276 20524 29134
0 2233 3448 5938 9331 13475 23334 29424 41767
5 2979 4600 7922 12449 17978 31131 39256 55723
10 3671 5669 9762 15341 22154 38362 48374 68666
15 4356 6725 11581 18200 26283 45512 57390 81464
20 5033 7772 13383 21032 30372 52594 66320 94139
25 5705 8809 15170 23839 34426 59613 75171 106703
30 6373 9841 16947 26632 38459 66596 83977 119203
40 7692 11878 20454 32143 46418 80378 101355 143871
50 9000 13896 23929 37605 54305 94036 118578 168318
60 10301 15905 27389 43042 62156 107631 135722 192653
70 11576 17874 30779 48370 69851 120955 152523 216502
80 12870 19873 34221 53779 77662 134481 169579 240713
90 14148 21846 37619 59119 85373 147834 186417 264614
100 15424 23817 41012 64452 93074 161169 203233 288484
125 18603 28725 49465 77735 112256 194385 245117 347938
150 21763 33603 57865 90936 131319 227395 286743 407024
175 24936 38503 66303 104197 150470 260557 328560 466382
200 28097 43384 74708 117405 169544 293586 370208 525501
250 34395 53108 91453 143720 207545 359389 453186 643286
300 40991 63293 108992 171283 247348 428313 540098 766655
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR)
Based on Schedule 40 Pipe
VEL., FPM 15000 15000 15000 15000 15000 15000 15000 10000 10000 10000
(PSIG) 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4
-10 14 23 40 65 112 153 252 239 370 637
-5 31 49 87 141 243 331 546 519 802 1381
0 45 71 124 202 349 475 783 744 1149 1979
5 59 95 166 269 465 633 1044 993 1533 2641
10 73 117 204 331 573 781 1287 1224 1890 3254
15 87 138 243 393 680 926 1526 1452 2242 3860
20 100 160 280 454 786 1070 1764 1678 2591 4461
25 114 181 318 515 891 1213 1999 1902 2936 5057
30 127 202 355 575 996 1355 2233 2124 3280 5649
40 153 244 428 694 1202 1635 2696 2564 3959 6818
50 179 286 501 812 1406 1913 3154 3000 4632 7976
60 205 327 574 930 1609 2190 3610 3434 5302 9130
70 231 367 645 1045 1808 2461 4057 3859 5958 10260
80 257 408 717 1162 2010 2736 4510 4290 6624 11407
90 282 449 788 1277 2210 3008 4958 4716 7282 12540
100 307 489 859 1392 2409 3279 5405 5141 7939 13671
125 371 590 1036 1679 2906 3955 6519 6201 9575 16488
150 434 691 1212 1964 3399 4627 7626 7254 11201 19288
175 497 791 1389 2251 3895 5302 8739 8312 12834 22101
200 560 892 1565 2536 4389 5974 9846 9366 14461 24903
250 686 1091 1915 3104 5373 7313 12053 11465 17703 30484
300 817 1301 2283 3700 6403 8715 14365 13664 21098 36331
400 1065 1696 2976 4823 8347 11361 18725 17812 27502 47360
500 1326 2110 3703 6002 10387 14138 23303 22166 34225 58936
600 1591 2532 4444 7202 12464 16965 27963 26599 41070 70724
SIZES 5" THROUGH 24"

VEL., FPM 10000 10000 10000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000
(PSIG) 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
-10 1001 1445 2502 3155 4479 5413 7071 8951 11122 16087
-5 2170 3133 5425 6841 9711 11737 15332 19407 24115 34878
0 3110 4492 7778 9808 13922 16826 21980 27822 34572 50002
5 4150 5993 10377 13085 18574 22448 29325 37119 46124 66710
10 5114 7385 12787 16125 22889 27662 36136 45740 56836 82204
15 6067 8761 15171 19130 27155 32818 42871 54265 67430 97526
20 7011 10124 17531 22107 31380 37924 49542 62708 77921 112700
25 7946 11475 19871 25057 35568 42986 56153 71078 88321 127741
30 8877 12820 22199 27992 39734 48021 62731 79404 98667 142706
40 10714 15473 26793 33785 47957 57959 75713 95836 119086 172238
50 12535 18102 31345 39526 56106 67808 88579 112121 139321 201505
60 14347 20719 35877 45241 64218 77611 101385 128331 159464 230638
70 16123 23284 40318 50841 72167 87219 113936 144217 179204 259189
80 17926 25887 44827 56526 80238 96972 126677 160345 199244 288174
90 19706 28458 49278 62139 88205 106601 139255 176265 219027 316787
100 21484 31025 53723 67744 96161 116217 151817 192166 238785 345363
125 25912 37419 64795 81706 115979 140168 183105 231770 287997 416540
150 30312 43773 75798 95581 135675 163972 214199 271128 336904 487276
175 34732 50157 86852 109520 155461 187884 245437 310668 386036 558337
200 39135 56151 97862 123403 175167 211700 276549 350048 434970 629112
250 47907 69182 119796 151062 214429 259150 338534 428507 532463 770120
300 57094 82449 142771 180033 255552 308850 404358 510687 634579 917814
400 74426 107479 186112 234685 333130 402609 525936 665717 827219 1196436
500 92620 133751 231607 292053 414562 501024 654498 828448 1029428 1488898
600 111143 160501 277928 350464 497474 601229 785398 994137 1235314 1786677
SELECTING PRESSURE PILOTS
Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can specified, so as to maintain a constant, adjustable,
be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the predetermined delivery pressure. The table below lists the
SPENCE Pressure Regulator. This Regulator will reduce and principal Pressure Pilots.
regulate a steady or varying initial pressure, within the range
PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type Service Conditions Diaphragm Loading Main Valve
Cast Iron Cast Bronze a
Cast Steel Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Normal
Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Accuracy
Pressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum Diameter Material
psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi ± inches
D 250 450 300 500 600 750 3 150 1 psi 31/2 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
1
D2 250 450 300 500 600 750 100 300 2 psi 3 /2 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
D5 250 450 300 500 — — 1 25 12
/ psi 53/4 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
1
D120 250 450 300 500 600 750 5 150 1 psi 4 /2 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
1
A73 250 450 300 500 600 750 /2 psi 31/2-71/4b St. Stl. Air E or C Series
1 1 3 b
A53 250 450 300 500 600 750 /2 psi 3 /2-5 / 4 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
1
A 250 450 300 500 600 750 /2 psi 31/2 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A35 250 450 300 500 — — See response 1
/8 psi 3
5 /4-3 / 1 b
2 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A54 250 450 300 500 600 750 curves on 1 psi 41/2-53/4b St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A70 250 450 300 500 600 750 2 psi 1
7 /4 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A Pilot
1
A86 250 450 300 500 600 750 /2 psi 41/2 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A87 250 450 300 500 600 750 Product Page 12
/ psi 14
7/ St. Stl. Air E or C Series
1
A85 250 450 300 500 600 750 50 /2 psi 31/2-53/4b St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A84 250 450 300 500 600 750 12
/ psi 12
3/ St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A83 250 450 300 500 600 750 12
/ psi 31/2 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
A82 250 450 300 500 — — 1
/8 psi 3
5 /4 St. Stl. Air E or C Series
Safety — — 300 500 600 750 5 175 — 31/2 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
Pilot
P125 250 450 — — 600 750 5 175 1 psi 41/2 St. Stl. Spring E or C Series
a
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service.
b
These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading diaphragm.
NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

D SERIES PILOTS meet the requirements of the majority of all Water Service Pilot operated Regulators are not uniformly
pressure regulator problems. They are spring-loaded. Other satisfactory as water reducing valves unless the delivery
Pilots are modifications of the D Series for specific purposes. system has the ample cushioning afforded by an elevated tank
A SERIES PILOTS are air-loaded. These Pilots are recom- or air chamber. When the flow is intermittent to an inflexible
mended where frequent changes in setting must be made and system, the SPENCE Type D34 Direct Operated Pressure
the Regulator is not easily accessible. Reducing Valve is recommended.
In any one Series of Pilots a larger Diaphragm will produce closer

accuracy of control but with less range in delivery pressure.
SIZING PRESSURE REGULATORS
DATA REQUIRED FOR ORDERING EXAMPLE
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. Select size and type Regulator to pass 14,600 lb. steam per
hour reducing from 175/150 psi saturated to 40/20 psi. Ends
2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE to be flanged, pilot spring loaded and pressure controlled
(a) Maximum/Minimum. within 2 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc. 1. Steam
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees 2.
Superheat, if any. (a) 175/150 psi
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and (b) None (saturated, 378°F total temperature)
Specific Gravity.
3. 40/20 psi
3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum.
4. 14,600 lb. per hour
4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator.
5. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
5. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged,
state drilling.)
SELECTION OF TYPE AND SIZE OF REGULATOR SELECTION OF TYPE AND SIZE OF REGULATOR
MAIN VALVE PILOT MAIN VALVE PILOT
A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria See Selection Criteria A. Since maximum Delivery Since maximum Initial
for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Selection Charts Pressure is less than 75% Pressure 175 psi, Total
and Liquids in beginning of this opposite. of minimum Initial Pressure Temperature 378°F maxi-
Section. and the least pressure drop mum Delivery Pressure 40
exceeds required “minimal psi, Pilot spring loaded and
differential”. required accuracy 2 psi:
SELECT TYPE E SELECT TYPE D
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve B. For 14,600 lb. per hour
Capacity Tables in this Section. and 150 psi minimum
Initial Pressure Economical:
SELECT 3" FULL PORT
Engineered: SELECT 4"
NORMAL PORT
C. MATERIAL— See Main Valve See Pilot Selection C. For 175 psi, 378°F: For 175 psi, 378°F:
Selection Chart in Technical Chart opposite or indi- SELECT CAST IRON, SELECT CAST IRON
Reference Section or individual vidual Product Pages. FLANGED 250 LB.
Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products D. None required in this case. None required in this case.
Section.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" FULL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS
ENGINEERED SOLUTION: 4" NORMAL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS.
NOTE:Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.

SELECTING TEMPERATURE PILOTS
Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can These SPENCE Temperature Pilots can be furnished with 150°F
be combined with any of the Pilots listed below, to produce the range of temperature adjustment on special order. It should be
SPENCE Temperature Regulator. This Regulator is designed to noted that since heavier Adjusting Springs are required for this
control the flow of fluid to a heating or cooling element so as to greater range the regulation will not be quite so accurate.
maintain a constant, adjustable, precise predetermined temp- TEMPERATURE RANGES
erature. Pilots fully stroke valve within 5°F. The table below lists
20°F to 120°F 150°F to 300°F Thermostats can be furn-
the principal Temperature Pilots.
50°F to 150°F 170°F to 270°F ished for temperatures
The Thermostats of these SPENCE Pilots are of the Vapor 70°F to 170°F 250°F to 350°F higher than 350°F on
Tension Type. They are ruggedly constructed and will not be 120°F to 220°F special order.
injured by overheating.
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type Service Conditions Operating Characteristics Main Valve
Cast Iron Cast Bronzea Cast Steel Delivery
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Pressure
Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Initial Temper-
Pressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Maximum
psi °F psi °F psi °F psi
Cascade Control–Closes on rise in temper-
T134 250 450 300 500 600 750 20 ature–controls delivery pressure–decreases E or C Series
delivery pressure as temperature increases
T124 250 450 300 500 — — 125 & vice versa–spring loaded pressure control.
T14 250 450 300 500 600 750 — Closes on rise in temperature. E or C Series
T14D 250 450 300 500 600 750 150 Closes on rise in temperature–controls
delivery pressure at predetermined setting– E or C Series
T14D2 250 450 300 500 600 750 300 spring loaded pressure control
T52 250 450 300 500 — — — Opens on rise in temperature. E or C Series

Safety E or C Series
— — 300 500 — — — Prevents excessive temperature rise.
Pilot
a
AIR CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE PILOTS

SPENCE Air Control Pilots, listed below, have been developed over-heating. By cascading an air signal onto a pressure regu-
to meet special conditions when used in conjunction with A lator, the EAT Series temperature control reduces steam pressure
Series Pressure Pilots. The fast bi-metal thermostats have a to an adjustable limit as well as regulating output temperature.
200°F adjustable range and protection against damage from
Bulb Bulb Bulb Range Maximum Bulb Control Action
Type Style Material Mounting °F Temperature °F Mode
1
No.736 Bronze /2 NPT 50-250 350 Proportional Reverse*
T61
1
No. 737 St. Stl.1 /2 NPT 50-250 350 Proportional Reverse*
Sanitary
T64 No. 738 St. Stl.1 Thermometer 50-250 350 Proportional Reverse*
Bushing
1
/2 NPT 30-150 180 Proportional Reverse*
T60 No.745 St. Stl.2 Union 100-300*** 350 Proportional Reverse*
Mounted
* Rising output pressure on falling temperature. This action applied to an EA Series Regulator increases steam flow with decreasing
temperature. Direct action available for cooling control.
**Rate or reset available on application ***Other ranges on application 1
Type 304 2
Type 347 or optional Type 316

HEATING CONTROL Single Pilot Types T134 and Combin- COOLING CONTROL Pilot Type T52 is employed With Type
ation Pilot Type T14D2 reduce the steam pressure as well as E or C Series Main Valves to control temperature by regulating
regulate the output temperature. A choice should be made the flow of a cooling medium. This Pilot opens the Main Valve on
according to the maximum required delivery pressure, i.e., the rising temperature and exercises no control over the delivery
pressure needed in the heater to carry the peak load. Pilot pressure. The Air Control Pilots can be furnished with increasing
Types T14D and T14D2 in cast steel are designed for initial air signal on temperature rise for use in cooling control.
steam pressures in excess of 500°F. TEMPERATURE RANGES Selection of the following ranges of
Of the Air Control Pilots, the Type T61 is the general choice. temperature adjustment is recommended for the services noted:
The Type T60 is used for temperature indication or for remote 50°F to 150°F Room or air duct control
adjustment. The required heater pressure will determine the 120°F to 220°F Domestic or laundry hot water service.
choice of the A Series Pilot. See Product Pages. 70°F to 170°F Fuel oil preheating.
170°F to 270°F Fuel oil heating.
SIZING TEMPERATURE REGULATORS
1. SERVICE Select size and type Regulator for heating 120 gpm water from
50°F entering temperature to 170°F final temperature in an
(a) Fluid flowing though Regulator. instantaneous heater. Steam supply at 125 psi pressure to be
(b) Type heater to be controlled. reduced to 30 psi maximum in heater.
2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE 1. (a) Steam
(a) Maximum/Minimum. (b) Instantaneous
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc. 2. (a) 125 psi
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees (b) None (saturated, 353°F total temperature)
Superheat, if any. 3. 30 psi
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and 4. See Capacity Tables in this Section.
Specific Gravity.
(a) 120 gpm water.
3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum required on
heater. (b) 170-50 = 120°F Rise
120 x 120 = 7200#/Hr.
4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator or 2
the following data leading to same:
5. (a) 170°F–Select standard Temperature Range from facing
(a) Quantity and type of fluid to be heated or cooled. page to include this final temperature.
(b) Temperature rise or drop, °F. (b) Close on temperature rise.
5. THERMOSTAT CHARACTERISTICS: (c) Style No. 700 bronze. (See Options Section)
(a) Controlled Temperature, °F–Maximum/Minimum. (d) Ten (10) feet, brass–furnished unless otherwise specified.
(b) Operation–Open or Close on temperature rise. 6. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger.
(c) Thermostat Bulb–Style Number and Material.
(d) Flexible Tubing–Length and Material.
state drilling)
A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria See Selection Criteria A. Since maximum Delivery Since maximum Initial
for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Selection Charts Pressure is less than 75% Pressure 125 psi, Total
and Liquids in beginning of this opposite. of minimum Initial Pressure Temperature 353°F
Section. and the least pressure drop maximum Delivery
exceeds required “minimal Pressure 30 psi
differential”. SELECT TYPE T124
SELECT TYPE E
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve B. Using Capacity Tables in
Capacity Tables in this Section. this Section, for 7200#/Hr
and 125 psi initial pressure
SELECT 2" FULL PORT
Reference Section or individual vidual Product Pages. NPT 250
Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products D. None required in this case. None required in this case.
Section.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" SPENCE TYPE ET124, CAST IRON BODY, NPT 250 ENDS
TEMPERATURE RANGE 120-220°F EQUIPPED WITH 10 FEET OF BRASS FLEXIBLE TUBING
AND STYLE NO. 700 BRONZE THERMOSTAT BULB.
Temperature Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.

SELECTING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE PILOTS
SPENCE Differential Pressure Regulators may usually be classi- sure on a steam atomizing oil burner at a constant differential
fied in one or the other of the following groups: above the oil pressure at the nozzle.
1. Control of the delivery pressure at a constant, adjustable, pre- 2. Control of the differential pressure or pressure drop across
determined differential above another source of fluid pressure. the Pressure Regulator itself. This case is illustrated by the use
This case is illustrated by the use of the SPENCE Type EN of the SPENCE Type EN24 Differential Pressure Regulator
Differential Pressure Regulator on a boiler feedwater make-up installed in parallel with a heat exchanger to maintain a con-
line to control the delivery pressure of the feedwater at a constant differential across it, thereby limiting the flow rate of
stant differential above the boiler steam pressure. Another fluid through the heater.
example is the use of the Type EN to control the steam pres- The table below lists the principal Differential Pilots.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type Service Conditions Diaphragm Operating Main
Characteristics Valve
Cast Iron Cast Bronzea Cast Steel Differential
Pressure
Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Normal Loading
Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph. Accuracy
Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure Min. Max. Diameter Material
psi °F psi psi °F psi psi °F psi psi psi ± inches
Closes on increase in differential E or C

N 250 450 240 300 500 290 600 750 300 3 150 1 psi 31/2 St. Stl. Spring
Delivery pressure controlled at set Series
differential above loading pressure E or C
N33 250 450 240 300 500 290 600 750 300 3 150 1 psi 31/2 St. Stl. Spring
Loading Pressure may be any fluid Series
Opens on increase in differential
Initial pressure controlled at set E or C
N20 250 366 250 300 366 300 300 366 300 3 150 1 psi 31/2 St. Stl. Spring
differential above loading pressure Series
Loading pressure may be any fluid
a

TYPE N AND N33 PILOTS require that the delivery pressure TYPE N33 is a version of the Type N in which two separated
(pressure of fluid discharged from the Regulator) be controlled diaphragms are employed to preclude the possibility of contact
at a given differential above some separate source of loading between the two fluids applied to the pilot.
pressure. TYPE N20 is a differential relief pilot which causes the Main
TYPE N meets the requirements of most boiler feedwater Valve to open when its initial pressure exceeds the loading
make-up and steam atomizing oil burner differential control pressure by a set differential.
problems as described in the first group in the above table.
SIZING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATORS
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. Select size and type Regulator to control the flow of water from
a Motor-Driven Centrifugal Boiler Feed Pump maintaining an
2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE Excess or Differential pressure of 50 psi between the boiler
(a) Maximum/Minimum. feedwater and the boiler steam pressure. The feedwater
temperature is 240°F. The boiler steam pressure is 150 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc.
Flow 90 gpm at 220 psi pump discharge pressure.
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees
1. Water
Superheat, if any.
2. (a) 220 psi
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and
Specific Gravity. (b) 240°F
3. LOADING PRESSURE 3. (a) 150 psi Boiler Pressure
(a) Maximum/Minimum. (b) Steam
(b) Fluid 4. (a) 200 psi (Loading plus Excess Pressure)
4. CONTROLLED PRESSURE (b) Water
(a) Maximum/Minimum. 5. Identical with Controlled Pressure, Item 4
(b) Fluid 6. 90 gpm
5. DELIVERY PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum. 7. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
state drilling.)
A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria See Selection Criteria A. Since pressure drop across Since Initial Pressure 220 psi,
for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Selection Charts valve (Initial Pressure minus 240°F, Differential (Excess)
and Liquids in beginning of this opposite. Delivery Pressure) is greater Pressure 50 psi and the
Section. than 10 psi: Delivery and Controlled
SELECT TYPE E Pressures are the same:
SELECT TYPE N
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve B. For 90 gpm: SELECT 3"
Capacity Tables in this Section.
Selection Chart in Technical Chart opposite or indi- SELECT CAST IRON, SELECT BRONZE
Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products D. For Water Service: None required in this case.
Section. Dashpot required.
ANSWER: 3" SPENCE TYPE EN, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB FLANGED ENDS,
EQUIPPED WITH BRONZE DASHPOT AND BRONZE PILOT BODY.
NOTE: Differential Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
WATER CAPACITY TABLE–FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE

These flow rates provide a simple method for sizing regulators or water pipes with inlet velocities in the
range of 240 to 600 fpm. Spence Regulators have variable seat sizes. The factory will select the proper
seat for particular flow and pressure drop. Additional capacity data is available on request.
VALVE OR PIPE SIZE
14
/ 3
/8 1
/2 3
/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
Velocity, fpm
Velocity, fpm
247 251 255 262 270 277 285 300 315 330 360 390 420 480 540 600
1.3 2.5 4.0 7.3 12 22 30 52 78 127 238 405 630 1250 2210 3490
SELECTING BACK PRESSURE PILOTS
Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can setting. The table below lists the principal Back Pressure Pilots.
be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the THE SPENCE BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR IS NOT A
SPENCE Back Pressure Regulator. Provided the delivery (dis- SAFETY VALVE AND SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS SUCH.
charge) pressure is sufficiently below the desired back pressure The discharge pressure must always be low enough in relation
to operate the Regulator, it will maintain a steady back pressure to the back pressure to provide the required minimum differ-
regardless of fluctuations in the load. The Pilot is guaranteed to ential listed in the Main Valve Selection Chart in the Technical
shut tight when the back pressure falls below a predetermined Reference Section.
BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type Service Conditions Diaphragm Main Valve
Cast Iron Cast Bronzea Cast Steel Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Normal
Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Accuracy
psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi ± inches
Q 150 366 150 366 150 366 3 150 1 psi 31/2 St. Stl. E or C Series
Q2 250 450 300 500 600 750 100 400 2 psi 31/2 St. Stl. E or C Series
Q73b 150 366 150 366 150 366 3 150 12

/ psi 31/2-71/4c St. Stl. E or C Series
F14 250 450 300 500 600 750 3 150 1 psi 41⁄2 St. Stl. E or C Series
F13 250 450 300 500 600 750 100 300 2 psi 31⁄2 St. Stl. E or C Series
F15 250 450 300 500 600 750 2 25 1/2 psi 53⁄4 St. Stl. E or C Series
F32 250 450 300 500 600 750 200 2000 10 psi 7
⁄8 piston St. Stl. E or C Series
a
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service. b
Type Q73 is air adjusted, all others are spring loaded.
c
These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading diaphragm.

TYPE Q SERIES meet the requirements of the majority of all than that flowing through the regulator. Type F Series Pilots are
back pressure problems. They are packless and spring or air loaded. also recommended for usual back pressure service in the event
The Type Q Pilot can be furnished for service on refrigerants on that long control pipes are unavoidable.
special order. In either series of back pressure pilots, a larger Diaphragm will
TYPE F SERIES have bellows stem seals and separate dia- produce closer accuracy of control but with less range in back
phragm chambers. They are designed for applications where a pressure.
regulator is required to open on rise in pressure of a fluid other
SIZING BACK PRESSURE REGULATORS
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. Select size and type Regulator to pass 9000 lb steam per hour
retaining a back pressure of 5 psi and exhausting into a
2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE condenser at 6" Hg vacuum. Pilot to be packless, spring
(a) Maximum/Minimum. loaded and to control the pressure within ±1/2 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc. 1. Steam
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees 2. (a) 5 psi
Superheat, if any. (b) None (saturated, 228°F total temperature)
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and 3. 6" Hg vacuum
Specific Gravity.
4. 9000lb. per hour
3. DISCHARGE (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum.
5. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
state drilling.)
A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria See Selection Criteria A. Since Initial Pressure is less Since maximum Initial Pres-
for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Selection Charts than 15 psi and the least sure 5 psi, Total Temperature
and Liquids in beginning of this opposite. pressure drop exceeds 228°F, accuracy of control ±1⁄2
Section. “minimum differential”: psi and Pilot spring loaded:
SELECT TYPE E2 SELECT TYPE F15
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve B. For 9000 lb. per hour and
Capacity Tables in this Section. 5 psi Initial Pressure:
SELECT 8" SIZE.
Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products D. For discharge into vacuum: None required in this case.
Section. Condensation Chamber
required.
ANSWER: 8" SPENCE TYPE E2F15, CAST IRON BODY, 125 LB. FLANGED ENDS,
EQUIPPED WITH CONDENSATION CHAMBER.
NOTE: Back Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
SELECTING PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS
SPENCE Pump Governors are classified in four groups as follows: 3. Vacuum Pump Governor which is illustrated by the SPENCE
1. Constant Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by Type EF46 Pump Governor. This Regulator governs the
the SPENCE Type EP14 Pump Governor. This Regulator steam supply to a vacuum pump and maintains a constant,
governs the steam supply to a pump, either reciprocating or adjustable vacuum on the pump suction.
turbine-driven, and maintains a constant, adjustable pump 4.Differential Control for electric motor-driven centrifugal pumps
discharge pressure. which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EN Differential
2. Excess Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by the Pressure Regulator. Although this Regulator is not a Pump
SPENCE Type EN Differential Pressure Regulator. Although Governor, it is recommended to maintain a constant, adjust-
this Regulator is not a Pump Governor, it is recommended to able differential between the feedwater pressure and the boiler
govern the steam supply to boiler feed pump where it is steam pressure; i.e., a constant pressure drop across the
desired to maintain the pump discharge pressure at a con- feedwater regulator.
stant, adjustable differential pressure in excess of the boiler The table below lists the principal Pump Governor Pilots.
steam pressure.
PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS

Type Service Conditions Diaphragm Main Valve Type of Control
Cast Iron Cast Bronzea Cast SteelPump Discharge
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Pressure
Initial Temper- Initial Temper- Initial Temper-
psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi inches
P13 250 450 300 500 600 750 100 300 31/2 St. Stl. E or C Series Constant Pressure
7
P32 250 450 300 500 600 750 200 2000 /8 St. Stl. E or C Series Constant Pressure
Piston
F46 250 450 300 500 600 750 0 30” 41/2 St. Stl. E or C Series Vacuum
Hg vac
N 250 450 300 500 600 500 3b 300b 31/2 St. Stl. E or C Series Differentialc
a
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service. b
Regulator discharge pressure
c
For electric motor driven centrifugal pump applications only, differential pressure range 3 to 150 psi

P SERIES PILOTS are used for constant pressure control. In excess pressure control. The design of the Pilot requires that
this Series a larger Diaphragm will produce closer accuracy of the delivery pressure (pressure of fluid discharged from Regu-
control but with less range in pump discharge pressure. lator) be controlled at a given differential above some separate
TYPE F46 is a vacuum pump governor Pilot. source of loading pressure. In typical service, boiler feedwater
flows through the Regulator and is delivered at constant excess
TYPE N is a differential pressure Pilot which is applied to the pressure above the boiler steam pressure.
discharge of a constant speed centrifugal pump to effect
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE
TYPE E MAIN VALVE—FULL PORT
VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour
PRESSURE-psig VALVE SIZE (inches)
3 12 34 1 1
INLET REDUCED /8 / / 1 1 /4 1 /2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
20 5-0 90 165 370 520 835 1175 1840 2610 4390 6470 10030 14715 26345 41890 66040
25 10 100 185 350 575 920 1290 2025 2870 4830 7115 11030 16185 28980 46080 72645
5-0 100 190 365 595 955 1345 2105 2985 5025 7400 11475 16835 30140 47930 75560
30 15 105 195 380 615 990 1390 2175 3085 5190 7645 11855 17400 31150 49530 78080
10-0 115 215 415 675 1080 1515 2370 3365 5655 8330 12920 18955 33940 53965 85075
40 25 120 220 425 695 1115 1565 2450 3475 5850 8615 13355 19600 35085 55790 87950
20 135 250 480 780 1250 1760 2755 3905 6570 9680 15005 22020 39425 62690 98830
15-0 140 260 505 825 1320 1850 2900 4115 6920 10195 15805 23195 41530 66035 104105
50 35 130 245 470 765 1225 1720 2695 3830 6435 9480 14700 21575 38625 61415 96820
30 150 275 530 865 1385 1945 3045 4320 7270 10705 16600 24360 43615 69350 109330
25 160 300 580 945 1515 2125 3325 4720 7940 11695 18130 26605 47635 75745 119410
20-0 165 310 600 975 1560 2190 3430 4870 8185 12060 18700 27440 49125 78110 123140
60 45 140 265 510 830 1330 1865 2925 4150 6975 10280 15935 23385 41865 66570 104945
40 160 300 575 940 1505 2115 3310 4700 7905 11645 18055 26495 47435 75425 118905
35 175 330 630 1030 1650 2320 3630 5155 8665 12765 19790 29045 51995 82680 130345
30-0 190 350 680 1105 1770 2490 3895 5530 9300 13700 21240 31170 55805 88735 139885
75 55 180 330 640 1045 1670 2350 3675 5215 8775 12925 20040 29405 52645 83710 131970
50 195 365 705 1150 1840 2585 4045 5740 9655 14220 22050 32355 57930 92110 145215
45 210 395 760 1235 1980 2785 4360 6185 10405 15325 23760 34865 62420 99255 156475
40-0 225 420 805 1315 2105 2955 4630 6570 11050 16275 25230 37025 66285 105400 166160
100 75 225 420 810 1320 2115 2970 4655 6605 11110 16365 25370 37230 66650 105985 167080
60 275 510 985 1610 2575 3620 5665 8045 13525 19925 30890 45330 81155 129045 203440
50-0 295 550 1060 1725 2765 3885 6080 8630 14515 21380 33145 48640 87085 138475 218300
125 100 250 470 905 1475 2360 3315 5190 7370 12395 18255 28305 41535 74360 118235 186400
75 335 630 1215 1980 3170 4455 6970 9895 16645 24515 38010 55775 99860 158785 250320
65-0 360 670 1290 2100 3370 4730 7405 10510 17680 26040 40370 59245 106065 168655 265880
150 125 275 515 990 1610 2585 3625 5680 8060 13555 19970 30960 45430 81340 129335 203895
100 370 695 1340 2185 3500 4915 7695 10920 18370 27055 41945 61555 110205 175235 276255
80-0 425 790 1520 2480 3970 5575 8730 12390 20840 30700 47595 69845 125045 198835 313460
175 150 295 555 1065 1740 2785 3915 6130 8695 14625 21545 33405 49020 87765 139555 220005
125 405 755 1455 2370 3800 5335 8355 11860 19945 29375 45545 66835 119660 190270 299960
100 475 890 1715 2790 4475 6285 9835 13960 23480 34585 53625 78690 140880 224015 353155
95-0 485 910 1750 2855 4575 6425 10055 14275 24005 35360 54820 80450 144030 229015 361045
200 150 435 810 1560 2545 4080 5725 8965 12725 21405 31525 48880 71730 128420 204200 321920
125 515 960 1850 3015 4825 6780 10615 15065 25335 37320 57860 84910 152015 241715 381060
110-0 550 1030 1980 3230 5175 7265 11380 16150 27160 40005 62025 91020 162960 259120 408500
225 175 460 860 1660 2710 4340 6095 9540 13540 22770 33540 52000 76310 136620 217240 342475
150 550 1025 1975 3220 5155 7240 11335 16090 27065 39865 61810 90700 162380 258200 407055
125-0 615 1145 2210 3600 5765 8100 12680 18000 30270 44585 69130 101440 181615 288785 455265
250 200 490 910 1755 2860 4585 6440 10080 14305 24060 35440 54945 80630 144355 229540 361865
175 580 1085 2095 3410 5465 7675 12020 170601 28690 42255 65515 96145 172130 273700 431485
150 655 1220 2350 3830 6135 8615 13490 19145 32200 47435 73540 107920 193210 307225 484355
140-0 675 1265 2435 3970 6360 8930 13985 19845 33380 49165 76230 111860 200270 318445 502025
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.

TYPE E MAIN VALVE—NORMAL PORT
VALVE INFO

3 12 34 1 1
INLET REDUCED /8 / / 1 1 /4 1 /2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
20 5-0 40 90 285 445 615 865 1045 1425 2550 4630 6825 8960 14775 22370 37440
25 10 40 100 315 490 680 955 1150 1565 2805 5090 7505 9855 16250 24605 41185
5-0 45 100 325 510 705 990 1195 1630 2920 5295 7805 10250 16905 25595 42835
30 15 45 105 335 525 730 1025 1235 1685 3015 5470 8070 10595 17470 26450 44265
10-0 50 115 365 575 795 1115 1345 1835 3285 5960 8790 11540 19035 28815 48230
40 25 50 120 380 595 820 1155 1390 1895 3400 6165 9090 11930 19675 29790 49865
20 60 135 425 665 925 1295 1565 2130 3820 6925 10210 13410 22110 33475 56030
15-0 60 140 450 700 975 1365 1645 2245 4020 7295 10755 14125 23290 35265 59020
50 35 55 130 420 650 905 1270 1530 2090 3740 6785 10005 13135 21660 32795 54890
30 65 145 470 735 1020 1435 1730 2360 4225 7660 11295 14835 24460 37035 61985
25 70 160 515 805 1115 1565 1890 2575 4615 8370 12340 16200 26715 40445 67695
20-0 70 165 530 830 1150 1615 1945 2655 4755 8630 12725 16705 27550 41710 69810
60 45 60 140 455 705 980 1375 1660 2265 4055 7355 10845 14240 23480 35545 59495
40 70 160 515 800 111 1560 1880 2565 4595 8335 12285 16130 26600 40275 67410
35 75 175 560 880 1220 1710 2060 2810 5035 9135 13470 17685 29160 44150 73895
30-0 80 190 605 945 1305 1835 2210 3015 5405 9805 14455 18980 31295 47385 79305
75 55 75 180 570 890 1235 1730 2085 2845 5100 9250 13635 17905 29525 44700 74820
50 85 195 625 980 1355 1905 2295 3130 5610 10175 15005 19700 32485 49185 82325
45 90 210 675 1055 1460 2055 2475 3375 6045 10965 16170 21230 35005 53005 88710
40-0 95 225 715 1120 1555 2180 2630 3585 6420 11645 17170 22545 37175 56285 94205
100 75 100 225 720 1125 1560 2190 2640 3605 6455 11710 17265 22670 37380 56595 94725
60 120 275 875 1370 1900 2670 3215 4385 7860 14255 21020 27600 45515 68910 115335
50-0 125 295 940 1470 2040 2865 3450 4705 8435 15300 22555 29615 48840 73945 123760
125 100 110 250 805 1255 1740 2445 2950 4020 7200 13065 19260 25290 41700 63140 105675
75 145 335 1080 1685 2340 3285 3960 5400 9670 17545 25865 33960 56000 84790 141915
65-0 155 360 1145 1790 2485 3490 4205 5735 10270 18635 27470 36070 59485 90060 150740
150 125 120 275 880 1375 1905 2675 3225 4395 7875 14290 21065 27660 45615 69065 115595
100 160 370 1190 1860 2580 3625 4370 5955 10675 19360 28545 37480 61805 93575 156620
80-0 185 420 1350 2110 2930 4110 4955 6760 12110 21970 32390 42525 70130 106175 177715
175 150 130 295 950 1485 2055 2885 3480 4745 8500 15420 22730 29850 49220 74520 124730
125 175 405 1295 2020 2805 3935 4745 6470 11590 21020 30995 40695 67105 101605 170055
100 205 475 1525 2380 3300 4635 5585 7615 13645 24750 36490 47915 79010 119625 200215
95-0 210 485 1555 2435 3375 4735 5710 7785 13950 25300 37305 48980 80770 22295 204690
200 150 190 435 1390 2170 3010 4225 5090 6940 12435 25560 33260 43675 72020 109040 182510
125 225 515 1645 2570 3560 5000 6025 8215 14720 26708 39375 51700 85250 129075 216035
110-0 240 550 1760 2755 3815 5360 6460 8810 15780 28630 42210 55420 91390 138370 231595
225 175 200 460 1475 2310 3200 4495 5415 7385 13230 24000 35385 46465 76620 116005 194160
150 240 550 1755 2745 3805 5340 6435 8775 15725 28525 42060 55225 91065 137880 230775
125-0 265 615 1965 3070 4255 5970 7200 9815 17590 31905 47040 61765 101850 154210 258105
250 200 210 490 1560 2440 3380 4745 5720 7805 13980 25360 37390 49095 80955 122575 205155
175 250 580 1860 2910 4030 5660 6825 9305 16670 30240 44585 58540 96530 146155 244625
150 285 655 2090 3265 4525 6355 7660 10445 18710 33945 50045 65710 108355 164055 274585
140-0 295 675 2165 3385 4690 6585 7940 10825 19395 35180 51870 68110 112315 170050 284615

TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE
VALVE INFO
3 1 1
INLET REDUCED /4 1 1 /4 1 /2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
15 12 150 230 375 545 875 1350 1905 2840 4010 5060 9230 14850 22195
10 245 375 605 880 1415 2185 3085 4595 6490 8195 14945 24040 35930
8 295 455 735 1070 1715 2650 3740 5570 7870 9935 18120 29145 43560
5 345 530 860 1245 2000 3085 4360 6495 9170 11580 21110 33960 50760
2.5 375 575 930 1345 2160 3340 4715 7025 9925 12530 22850 36755 54935
12 9 145 220 355 515 825 1275 1800 2680 3785 4780 8715 14020 20955
7 230 355 570 830 1330 2060 2910 4330 6115 7720 14080 22650 33855
5 280 430 690 1005 1610 2490 3515 5235 7395 9340 17030 27390 40940
2 325 495 805 1165 1870 2890 4080 6075 8585 10835 19760 31785 47510
10 7 135 210 340 490 790 1220 1725 2570 3630 4580 8355 13440 20090
5 220 340 550 795 1275 1970 2780 4145 5855 7390 13475 21670 32395
2 280 435 705 1020 1635 2525 3565 5315 7505 9475 17280 27795 41545
1 “ HG VAC 310 480 775 1125 1805 2795 3945 5875 8295 10475 19095 30720 45915
9 6 135 205 330 480 775 1195 1685 2510 3550 4480 8170 13140 19645
4 215 330 535 775 1245 1925 2715 4045 5715 7215 13160 21165 31640
2 260 400 645 935 1500 2320 3275 4880 6890 8700 15865 25515 38140
2” HG VAC 300 460 745 1080 1730 2675 3780 5625 7950 10035 18300 29435 43995
8 5 130 200 325 470 755 1165 1645 2455 3465 4375 7980 12835 19185
3 210 325 520 755 1215 1875 2650 3950 5575 7040 12835 20650 30865
3.1“ HG VAC 285 440 710 1035 1660 2565 3620 5390 7615 9610 17530 28195 42145
7 4 125 195 315 460 735 1140 1605 2395 3380 4270 7785 12520 18715
2 205 315 510 735 1185 1830 2580 3845 5435 6860 12505 20120 30070
4.3’” HG VAC 275 420 680 985 1585 2450 3460 5150 7275 9185 16750 26945 40275
6 3 125 190 310 445 720 1110 1565 2330 3295 4160 7585 12200 18235
1 200 305 495 715 1150 1780 2510 3740 5285 6675 12170 19575 29255
5.5” HG VAC 260 405 650 945 1515 2340 3305 4925 6955 8780 16010 25755 38495
5 2 120 185 300 435 700 1080 1525 2270 3205 4045 7380 11870 17740
0 195 295 480 695 1120 1730 2440 3635 5135 6480 11820 19010 28415
6.7” HG VAC 250 380 615 895 1435 2215 3130 4660 6485 8310 15155 24380 36440
Based on 1 psi accuracy of regulation.

TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE ONLY
K-Factor is included in the above tabulations. Used at such low pressure drops, a 1 psi deviation of reduced
pressure at rated capacity is a significant portion of the total
Size E2 Cv ∆P K drop. It must be accounted for in calculations dealing with a
Valve Coefficient Nominal Factor subcritical flow condition.
3
Also, because E2 valve opening, for 1 psi accuracy of
/4 7.6
regulation, varies with the pressure drop, a regulation factor K
1 11.7
is inserted in the formula.
11/4 18.9 3 0.635
Cv= W
11/2 27.4 4 0.785
2 44 5 0.855 2.1 K √ ∆P’(P1 +P’2)
21/2 68 6 0.895 Where K = Factor from accompanying table
3 96 7 0.915 Cv = Valve coefficient
4 143 8 0.928 W = Flow, #/Hr. (saturated steam)
5 202 9 0.935 ∆P’ = ∆P nominal plus 1 psi
6 255 10 0.937 P1 = Inlet pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
8 465 11 0.938 P2 = Reduced pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
10 748 12 0.940 P’2 = P2 nominal (set point value) minus 1 psi
12 1118 15 0.940 ∆P = Pressure drop, psi
NOTE: When computing W for safety valve sizing, use K = 1.0
TYPE E5 MAIN VALVE—FULL PORT
VALVE INFO
3
INLET REDUCED /4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
20 15 286 441 712 1033 1620 2525 3580 5992 9722 13189 25059 38361 60708
10 389 599 967 1402 2201 3429 4862 8138 13205 17914 34036 52103 82453
5.4 451 694 1121 1626 2551 3976 5637 9435 15309 20768 39459 60405 95592
25 20 308 474 766 1110 1742 2714 3848 6440 10450 14176 26935 41232 65251
15 420 647 1046 1516 2379 3707 5256 8796 14273 19363 36789 56318 89124
10 496 764 1234 1788 2807 4373 6201 10378 16839 22844 43404 66444 105149
8.3 516 794 1283 1860 2919 4548 6449 10794 17515 23760 45145 69109 109366
30 25 328 505 815 1182 1855 2890 4098 6859 11130 15099 28688 43916 69498
20 450 692 1118 1621 2544 3965 5622 9409 15267 20711 39351 60239 95329
15 533 821 1326 1922 3017 4700 6665 11154 18100 24554 46652 71417 113018
11.2 581 894 1445 2094 3287 5121 7262 12153 19721 26753 50831 77813 123140
40 35 365 561 907 1315 2063 3215 4558 7629 12379 16793 31906 48843 77295
30 503 775 1251 1814 2847 4436 6290 10527 17082 23173 44029 67400 106662
25 601 925 1494 2165 3398 5295 7507 12565 20388 27658 52550 80445 127305
17 711 1094 1768 2563 4022 6267 8886 14872 24133 32738 62202 95221 150688
50 45 398 613 990 1435 2252 3509 4976 8327 13512 18331 34829 53317 84374
40 551 849 1371 1988 3120 4862 6894 11538 18722 25397 48255 73870 116901
35 661 1018 1644 2384 3741 5828 8264 13832 22444 30447 57849 88558 140144
22.8 841 1294 2091 3031 4757 7413 10511 17591 28544 38723 73574 112628 178236
75 70 471 726 1172 1699 2667 4155 5891 9860 15999 21704 41238 63128 99902
65 657 1011 1634 2368 3717 5791 8211 13743 22300 30251 57477 87988 139242
60 793 1220 1971 2857 4484 6987 9907 16581 26905 36499 69349 106161 168001
37.3 1166 1795 2899 4203 6596 10277 14572 24389 39574 53685 102002 156148 247106
100 95 535 823 1329 1927 3025 4713 6683 11184 18148 24620 46778 71608 113321
90 748 1151 1859 2695 4230 6590 9345 15640 25378 34428 65412 100135 158465
85 905 1393 2251 3263 5121 7979 11314 18935 30725 41682 79195 121234 191855
51.8 1491 2295 3707 5374 8434 13141 18633 31186 50603 68648 130431 199667 315977
125 120 591 910 1470 2131 3345 5212 7390 12368 20069 27225 51727 79185 125312
115 828 1275 2060 2987 4687 7303 10355 17331 28121 38149 72484 110960 175596
110 1005 1547 2500 3624 5687 8861 12564 21028 34120 46287 87946 134630 213055
90 1476 2272 3671 5322 8352 13013 18451 30882 50110 67979 129159 197720 312896
66.3 1816 1751 191 7874 12019 19297 27890 43660 67921 96226 160923 261002 354004
150 145 643 990 1598 2317 3637 5667 8035 13448 21820 29601 56243 86098 136251
140 902 1389 2243 3252 5103 7952 11275 18871 30620 41539 78924 120819 191198
135 1096 1687 2726 3951 6201 9662 13700 22930 37207 50475 95902 146809 232328
110 1717 2644 4270 6191 9716 15138 21465 35925 58293 79080 150252 230010 363994
80.8 2140 2075 191 8545 13051 20965 30308 47454 73834 104610 174955 283770 384891
175 170 691 1063 1717 2490 3907 6088 8632 14447 23442 31801 60422 92495 146375
165 970 1493 2412 3497 5488 8552 12125 20294 32930 44672 84877 129932 205619
160 1180 1817 2934 4254 6676 10402 14750 24686 40057 54340 103247 158053 250121
125 2048 3153 5094 7384 11589 18057 25603 42851 69532 94327 179221 274356 434172
95.3 2465 2400 191 9165 14007 22508 32545 50966 79306 112368 187941 304841 413476
200 195 735 1132 1828 2651 4160 6481 9190 15381 24958 33858 64330 98478 155843
185 1258 1937 3129 4537 7119 11093 15729 26325 42716 57949 110102 168548 266729
150 2198 3384 5467 7925 12437 19379 27477 45989 74623 101233 192342 294443 465960
109.8 2790 4296 6939 10060 15787 24598 34878 58375 94721 128498 244146 373745 591458
250 245 817 1258 2032 2946 4624 7205 10215 17098 27743 37636 71508 109467 173233
235 1402 2158 3486 5054 7932 12359 17524 29330 47592 64563 122670 187786 297174
200 2471 3804 6145 8908 13980 21784 30887 51695 83883 113795 216210 330979 523780
138.8 3440 5296 8555 12402 19463 30327 43001 71969 116780 158423 301004 460784 729198

TYPE E5 MAIN VALVE—NORMAL PORT
VALVE INFO
3
INLET REDUCED /4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
20 15 215 377 505 746 942 1319 2223 4522 6632 8592 12662 19784 35874
10 292 512 686 1013 1280 1791 3020 6142 9008 11669 17197 26870 48725
5.4 338 593 795 1175 1483 2077 3501 7120 10443 13529 19937 31152 56489
25 20 231 405 543 802 1013 1418 2390 4860 7129 9235 13609 21264 38559
15 315 553 741 1095 1383 1936 3264 6639 9737 12613 18588 29044 52667
10 372 653 875 1292 1632 2284 3851 7832 11487 14881 21930 34266 62136
8.3 387 679 910 1344 1697 2376 4005 8146 11948 15478 22810 35641 64628
30 25 246 431 578 854 1078 1510 2545 5177 7593 9836 14495 22648 41069
20 337 592 793 1172 1479 2071 3491 7101 10415 13492 19882 31066 56333
15 400 702 940 1389 1754 2455 4139 8418 12347 15995 23572 36831 66786
11.2 436 764 1024 1513 1911 2675 4510 9172 13453 17428 25683 40129 72768
40 35 273 480 643 950 1199 1679 2831 5758 8444 10939 16121 25189 45676
30 377 662 887 1311 1655 2317 3906 7945 11653 15095 22246 34759 63030
25 450 790 1059 1565 1976 2766 4662 9483 13908 18017 26552 41487 75229
17 533 935 1253 1852 2338 3274 5519 11224 16463 21326 31428 49107 89047
50 45 299 524 702 1037 1309 1833 3090 6285 9218 11941 17598 27496 49860
40 414 726 972 1437 1814 2540 4281 8708 12771 16545 24382 38096 69081
35 496 870 1166 1722 2175 3045 5133 10439 15311 19834 29229 45671 82816
22.8 631 1106 1483 2191 2766 3872 6528 13276 19472 25225 37174 58084 105326
75 70 353 620 831 1228 1550 2170 3659 7441 10914 14139 20836 32556 59036
65 493 864 1158 1711 2161 3025 5100 10372 15212 19707 29041 45377 82284
60 594 1043 1397 2065 2607 3650 6153 12514 18354 23777 35039 54749 99278
37.3 874 1534 2055 3037 3835 5369 9050 18406 26996 34972 51538 80528 146024
100 95 401 703 943 1393 1759 2462 4150 8441 12380 16038 23635 36930 66966
90 561 984 1318 1948 2459 3443 5803 11804 17312 22427 33050 51641 93643
85 679 1191 1596 2358 2977 4168 7026 14291 20960 27153 40014 62523 113374
51.8 1118 1961 2628 3884 4903 6865 11572 23536 34520 44719 65902 102972 186722
125 120 443 778 1042 1540 1945 2722 4589 9334 13690 17735 26136 40837 74051
115 621 1090 1461 2158 2725 3815 6431 13080 19184 24852 36623 57224 103766
110 754 1322 1772 2619 3306 4629 7803 15870 23276 30153 44436 69431 125902
90 1107 1942 2603 3846 4856 6798 11459 23307 34184 44283 65259 101968 184902
66.3 1362 1313 143 4465 7725 10303 15155 19098 26679 44875 91124 133581 173006
150 145 482 846 1133 1675 2114 2960 4990 10149 14885 19283 28417 44402 80516
140 676 1187 1590 2350 2967 4154 7002 14242 20888 27060 39877 62308 112986
135 822 1442 1932 2855 3605 5047 8509 17306 25382 32881 48456 75712 137291
110 1288 2259 3028 4474 5649 7908 13331 27113 39766 51515 75917 118620 215098
80.8 1605 1557 143 4842 8387 11190 16466 20752 28996 48780 99066 145230 188097
175 170 518 909 1218 1799 2271 3180 5361 10903 15991 20716 30529 47701 86499
165 728 1276 1710 2527 3191 4467 7530 15316 22464 29101 42885 67008 121508
160 885 1553 2080 3074 3881 5434 9160 18631 27325 35399 52167 81510 147806
125 1536 2695 3611 5336 6738 9433 15901 32341 47433 61447 90554 141490 256568
95.3 1849 1800 143 5191 8999 12010 17678 22284 31140 52394 106417 156011 202063
200 195 551 967 1296 1915 2418 3386 5707 11608 17026 22056 32504 50787 92093
185 944 1656 2219 3278 4139 5795 9768 19868 29140 37749 55631 86923 157620
150 1649 2892 3876 5727 7231 10123 17065 34708 50906 65946 97183 151849 275353
109.8 2093 3671 4920 7269 9178 12850 21661 44056 64616 83707 123358 192747 349514
250 245 613 1075 1441 2129 2688 3764 6344 12904 18926 24517 36131 56454 102370
235 1051 1845 2472 3652 4612 6456 10883 22136 32466 42058 61980 96844 175611
200 1853 3251 4357 6438 8128 11379 19183 39015 57222 74129 109243 170692 309521
138.8 2580 4526 6065 8962 11316 15842 26706 54316 79664 103201 152086 237634 430910
TYPE C20 MAIN VALVE
AVAILABLE ON SPECIAL ORDER ONLY – CONSULT FACTORY

INLET REDUCED 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

25 5-0 510 950 1360 2035 3190 4685 7805 12625 16970 29600 47520 73520
30 10-0 575 1070 1530 2295 3595 5275 8790 14215 19110 33325 53505 82780
40 20 665 1245 1775 2665 4175 6125 10210 16515 22200 38715 62160 96170
15-0 700 1310 1870 2805 4395 6455 10755 17400 23385 40780 65475 101300
50 30 735 1375 1965 2945 4615 6780 11295 18270 24555 42830 68760 106385
25 805 1500 2145 3220 5040 7405 12340 19955 26820 46775 75100 116190
20-0 830 1550 2215 3320 5200 7635 12725 20580 27660 48240 77445 119820
60 40 800 1495 2135 3205 5020 7370 12285 19870 26710 46580 74780 115700
35 880 1640 2340 3515 5505 8080 13470 21785 29280 51060 81980 126830
30-0 945 1760 2515 3770 5905 8670 14455 23375 31420 54800 87980 136115
75 55 890 1660 2370 3555 5575 8180 13635 22055 29645 51695 83000 128410
50 980 1825 2610 3915 6130 9000 15005 24270 32620 56885 91330 141300
45 1055 1970 2810 4220 6610 9700 16170 26150 35150 61295 98415 152260
40-0 1120 2090 2985 4480 7015 10300 17170 27770 37325 65090 104505 161685
100 75 1125 2100 3000 4505 7055 10360 17265 27920 37530 65450 105080 162575
60 1370 2560 3655 5485 8590 12610 21020 34000 45695 79695 127950 197955
50-0 1470 2745 3925 5885 9220 13535 22555 36480 49035 85515 137295 212415
125 100 1255 2345 3350 5025 7870 1555 19260 31150 41870 73020 117230 181375
75 1685 3150 4500 6745 10570 15520 25865 41835 56225 98060 157435 243575
65-0 1790 3345 4780 7165 11230 16485 27470 44435 59720 104155 167220 258715
150 125 1375 2565 3665 5495 8610 12640 21065 34075 45800 79875 128235 198400
100 1860 3475 4965 7445 11665 17125 28545 46165 62050 108220 173745 268810
80-0 2110 3945 5635 8450 13235 19435 32390 52385 70410 122795 197145 305015
175 150 1485 2765 3955 5930 9290 13640 22730 36765 49415 86185 138310 214075
125 2020 3775 5390 8085 12665 18595 30995 50130 67375 117505 188655 291875
100 2380 4440 6345 9520 14915 21895 36490 59020 79325 138345 222110 343640
95-0 2435 4540 6490 9730 15245 22385 37305 60335 81095 141435 227070 351310
200 150 2170 4050 5785 8675 13595 19955 33260 53800 72310 126105 202465 313245
125 2570 4795 6845 10270 16090 23625 39375 63680 85595 149275 239660 370790
110-0 2755 5140 7340 11010 17250 25325 42210 68265 91755 160025 256920 397490
225 175 2310 4310 6155 9230 14460 21230 35385 57235 76925 134160 215395 333245
150 2745 5120 7315 10970 17190 25235 42060 68025 91430 159455 256010 396080
125-0 3070 5725 8180 12270 19225 28225 47040 76080 102260 178340 286330 442995
250 200 2440 4550 6505 9755 15280 22435 37390 60475 81280 141755 227590 352115
175 2910 5425 7755 11630 18220 26750 44585 72110 96920 169025 271375 419855
150 3265 6090 8705 13055 20455 30025 50045 80940 108790 189730 304615 471280
140-0 3385 6315 9020 13530 21200 31125 51870 83895 112765 196660 315740 488495
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART
TYPE C34 PILOT OPERATED MAIN VALVE
(Specific Gravity of 1) VALVE INFO
200
90
80
PRESSURE DROP – PSI
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500

FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
VALVE SIZE SELECTION EXAMPLE

Prior to selecting valve size, the maximum required flow and Required maximum flow is 100 GPM, Inlet Pressure is 60 psi,
the pressure drop across the valve must be determined. Enter
Delivery Pressure is 35 psi (Pressure drop is 25 psi). Enter the
the Capacity Chart at the maximum required flow GPM and
Capacity Chart at the 100 GPM line and follow up to 25 psi
follow vertically to the intersection of the horizontal pressure
drop line. The valve size nearest to, but to the right of this pressure drop. It falls to the right of the 11/2" valve size line,
intersection is the smallest valve that will satisfy the flow therefore 2" is the minimum valve size required.
requirements.
The vertical portion of the curves indicate the flow at which
approximately 15 feet per second velocity is reached. By
selecting the next larger size valve, a lower velocity may be
maintained. For general service, 8 to 10 feet per second is
recommended.
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART
TYPE N6 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE VALVE
VALVE INFO
(Specific Gravity of 1)
34
/" 1" 11/4" 11/2" 2"
100
90
80
70 21/2"
60
50
PRESSURE DROP – PSI
40
30
20
10
15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
RATED WATER CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE D34 VALVE
Water in GPM VALVE INFO
PRESSURE VALVE SIZE (inches)
DROP–psig 1 14
1/ 12
1/ 2 21/2 3 4 5 6
5 7.4 17 23 32 48 71 116 188 263

10 10 24 33 45 68 101 164 266 373
15 13 29 40 55 84 124 201 325 457
20 15 33 47 64 97 143 233 376 528
30 18 41 51 79 118 175 285 460 646
50 23 53 74 102 153 226 368 594 834
75 29 65 90 125 187 277 450 727 1022
100 33 75 104 144 216 320 520 840 1180
125 37 84 116 161 241 358 581 939 1320
150 40 92 127 176 265 392 637 1029 1445
175 44 100 138 190 285 423 688 1111 1560
SIZING D36 WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS EXAMPLE
When sizing a water valve, the following points should be SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
considered: Initial Pressure = 100 PSIG
(a) The recommended velocity in the pipe (8-10 ft./sec.) Reduced No Flow Pressure = 50 PSIG (lock-up pressure)
(b) The droop which is the fall-off pressure below the no flow Capacity Required = 30 GPM
pressure setting. Allowable Droop = 10-15 PSIG
1. Enter Capacities vs. Droop Chart, below, at 30 GPM. Move
up until you intersect a curve line (possibly more than one
FLOW VS. VELOCITY CHART curve). e.g. points (a), (b)…etc.
(Specific Gravity of 1)
500 The lowest point indicates the minimum size valve required
400 (3/4") at a droop of approximately 16 psi.
2" 2. Enter Flow vs. Velocity Chart (left) at 30 GPM and move up
200 until you reach the 3/4" pipe size curve. Move downward and
11/2" note that the velocity is approximately 18.5 ft./sec., which is
11/4" unacceptably high.

100
80 At the point of intersection of 30 GPM with the next valve
1"
60 curve (1"), the velocity will be approximately 11 ft./sec.,
3
/4"
which is closer to the recommended value.
40
Referring back to the Capacities vs. Droop Chart, you will
1
/2" find that the droop for a 1" valve is only 11 psig, which is also
20 more acceptable.
SELECT A 1" TYPE D36
10
8 SCHEDULE 40 PIPE SIZE NOTE: The capacities shown in the Capacities vs. Droop
6 Chart are based on a difference of 50 psig or more between
the initial pressure and the regulator lock-up pressure.
4 Where this difference is less than 50 psig, deduct 20% from
the capacity obtained.
2
0
5 10 15 20 25
VELOCITY FT./SEC.
VALVE INFO
CAPACITIES VS. DROOP CHART

0
5
DROOP PSIG
10 b
15 a
20
/"
1 2 /"
3 4 1" 11/4" 11/2" 2"
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

GALLONS PER MINUTE
RATED STEAM, AIR AND WATER CAPACITY TABLE
TYPE D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE INFO
VALVE SIZE 1
/2" 3 "
/4 1" 11/4" 11/2" 2”
PSI CV 2.2 3.3 4.9 5.0 10.1 10.8
IN OUT S A W S A W S A W S A W S A W S A W
10 5 41 14 3 59 20 4.2 80 27 5.7 91 30 6.5 105 35 7.4 120 40 8.5
20 10 68 23 4.2 97 33 6.0 130 44 3.1 150 50 9.2 170 57 10 230 77 14
30 10 100 35 5.9 145 50 8.5 195 67 11 220 76 13 250 87 15 290 100 17
40 87 29 4.2 125 42 6.0 170 57 8.1 190 64 9 250 85 12 265 89 13
50 130 43 5.9 185 63 8.5 250 84 11 285 95 13 375 125 17 395 130 18
75 200 72 8.8 290 105 13 390 140 17 440 160 19 580 210 25 610 220 27
100 255 98 11 370 140 16 495 190 21 565 215 24 740 285 32 780 295 33
125 30 315 105 13 450 175 19 605 240 25 690 270 28 900 355 37 950 375 39
150 370 145 15 530 210 21 715 285 28 810 325 32 1065 425 42 1120 445 44
175 425 170 16 615 245 23 825 330 31 935 375 35 1230 495 46 1290 520 48
200 480 195 17 695 280 25 930 375 33 1060 430 38 1390 560 50 1460 590 52
250 595 240 20 855 350 28 1150 470 38 1305 535 43 1710 700 56 1800 735 60
60 115 38 4.6 165 55 6.6 250 85 10 260 87 10 355 120 14 395 130 16
75 190 63 7.2 275 92 10 420 140 16 430 145 17 585 195 23 655 220 25
85 230 77 8.5 335 110 12 510 170 19 525 175 20 715 240 27 800 270 30
100 280 96 10 410 140 15 625 215 23 645 220 23 875 300 32 1000 335 35
125 50 340 125 12 500 185 18 760 280 28 785 290 29 1070 390 39 1190 435 43
150 405 155 14 590 225 21 895 340 32 925 350 33 1260 480 45 1400 535 50
175 465 180 16 675 265 23 1030 400 36 1065 415 37 1450 565 50 1620 630 56
200 525 205 18 765 305 26 1170 460 39 1205 475 40 1640 650 55 1830 720 61
250 650 260 20 945 380 30 1440 580 45 1485 595 47 2020 815 65 2260 905 71
85 130 44 4.6 190 64 6.6 290 98 10 300 100 10 410 140 14 455 155 16
100 215 72 7.2 315 105 10 480 160 16 495 165 17 675 225 23 750 250 25
125 325 110 10 470 160 15 720 240 23 740 250 23 1010 340 32 1130 380 35
150 75 405 140 12 590 205 18 895 310 28 925 320 29 1260 440 39 1400 485 43
175 465 170 14 675 245 21 1030 375 32 1065 390 33 1450 530 45 1620 590 50
200 525 200 16 765 290 23 1170 440 36 1205 455 37 1640 620 50 1830 685 56
225 585 225 18 855 330 26 1300 500 39 1345 515 40 1830 705 55 2040 785 61
250 650 250 19 945 370 28 1440 560 42 1485 580 44 2020 790 60 2250 880 66
110 190 65 6 310 105 9 380 125 12 400 135 12 465 155 14 515 170 16
125 310 105 9 500 170 15 620 210 19 655 220 20 755 255 23 840 280 25
150 460 155 13 745 250 21 920 310 26 970 325 28 1120 375 32 1250 415 35
200 100 675 235 19 1095 385 30 1350 475 37 1430 500 39 1650 575 45 1830 640 50
225 755 275 21 1220 445 34 1510 550 41 1590 580 44 1840 665 50 2040 740 56
250 830 310 23 1350 505 37 1670 620 45 1760 655 48 2030 760 55 2250 840 61
135 210 70 5.9 340 115 9.5 420 140 12 440 150 12
150 340 115 9.3 550 185 15 680 225 19 715 240 20
175 500 165 13 810 270 21 995 335 26 1050 350 28
200 125 635 210 16 1030 345 26 1270 425 32 1340 450 34
225 755 255 19 1230 410 30 1510 505 37 1500 535 39
250 830 295 21 1350 475 34 1670 585 41 1760 615 44
160 315 105 8.3 510 170 13 630 210 17 665 225 17
175 425 145 11 690 230 18 855 285 22 900 300 23
200 140 580 195 14 940 315 23 1160 390 29 1220 410 30
225 710 240 17 1150 385 28 1420 475 34 1500 505 36
250 835 280 19 1350 455 31 1670 560 39 1760 590 41
S — Steam (#/hr.)
A — Air (SCFM)
W — Water (GPM)
SIZING D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
FOR CONDITIONS WITHIN CAPACITY TABLE FOR CONDITIONS OUTSIDE CAPACITY TABLE
Given an initial steam pressure of 100 PSIG and a required flow Given an initial steam pressure of 150 psig and a required flow
of 500 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 30 PSIG, determine of 900 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 25 PSIG, determine the
droop, minimum controllable flow pressure and valve size. valve size, droop and minimum controllable flow pressure.
In the Capacity Table opposite, the droop has been fixed at P2 = (25 + 14.7) = 39.7 = .24 thus P = .24P < .58P
25% of the maximum range of the adjusting spring. Therefore, P1 (150 + 14.7) 164.7 2 1 1
for a 30 PSIG delivery pressure, a 25-80 adjusting spring Therefore, use Critical Flow Cv formula:
would be selected. Thus, the droop is (25% x 80 = 20) 20 PSI. W = 900 900
Cv = = = 3.2
Minimum controllable flow pressure = Reduced Pressure + 1.71P1 1.71 (150 + 14.7) 1.71 (164.7)
Droop = 30 + 20 = 50 PSIG Referring to the Cv line of the Capacity Table opposite, the 3/4"
Entering the Capacity Table at a minimum controllable flow pres- valve size (Cv = 3.3) is the smallest valve with the required
sure (OUT) of 50 PSIG, an initial pressure (IN) of 100 PSIG, the capacity.
smallest valve size capable of delivering 500 #/hr. is the 1" size. Droop is a function of valve size (3/4"), regulator capacity in
percent [(3.2 ÷ 3.3) x 100 = 97%] and adjusting spring range
(10-30). Enter the 3/4" Valve Droop Chart (below) at 97% and
draw a line upward until you intersect the 10-30 curve. From
there , draw a line left to the vertical axis. Droop in this case is
11 PSIG.
Minimum Controllable Flow Pressure = Reduced Pressure +
Droop = 25 + 11 = 36 PSIG
Repeating the above procedure substituting a 1" valve size
with a maximum Cv of 4.9, droop would be 8 PSIG and
minimum controllable flow pressure would be 33 PSIG.
12
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART 34
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART
0 0
5 3-15 5 3-15
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
10-30
10 10
10-30
15 15
25-80 25-80
25 25
75-140
75-140
35 35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
1" & 11/4" VALVE DROOP CHART 11/2" & 2" VALVE DROOP CHART
0 0
5 5
3-15
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
3-15
10 10
10-30
10-40
15 15
25 25-80 25
75-140 30-100
35 35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT

Regulator Sizing

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REGULATOR

TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE

INLET PRESSURE 100 psi

TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE NOTES ON USE OF TABLES

1. Inlet Pipe 7. Delivery Pipe

Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible:

RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–STEAM SERVICE

RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–AIR SERVICE

RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION–WATER SERVICE

A = Area of Pipe in (inches)2 ∆PS = P1 – Pv when P2 > Pv

ft = Feet Q = Flow Rate, SCFH

STM. ATOM W = 0.1 #/Hr./#Oil

† Primary PRV requires optional base bypass and 1/8" bleedport.

PRESSURE REDUCING STATION GENERAL SPECIFICATION

75% AND 50% REDUCED TRIM (Parabolic)

SIZES 21/2" THROUGH 12"

SIZES 5" THROUGH 24"

PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

In any one Series of Pilots a larger Diaphragm will produce closer

NOTE:Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.

TEMPERATURE REGULATOR PILOTS

T52 250 450 300 500 — — — Opens on rise in temperature. E or C Series

AIR CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE PILOTS

NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

Temperature Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Closes on increase in differential E or C

NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

NOTE: Differential Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.

WATER CAPACITY TABLE–FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE

BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Q73b 150 366 150 366 150 366 3 150 12

NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS

NOTES ON SELECTION OF PILOTS

Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.

Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour

Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.

Based on 1 psi accuracy of regulation.

Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.

Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour

INLET REDUCED 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500

VALVE SIZE SELECTION EXAMPLE

RATED WATER CAPACITY TABLE

PRESSURE VALVE SIZE (inches)

5 7.4 17 23 32 48 71 116 188 263

11/4" unacceptably high.

CAPACITIES VS. DROOP CHART

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

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