Ansi+mh27 1-2009 PDF

MH27.
1 – 2009
(a reaffirmation of MH27.1 – 2003)
Specifications for Patented Track Underhung

Cranes and Monorail Systems
Abstract:
Applies to underhung cranes whose end trucks operate on the lower flange
of a patented-track runway section; and to carriers (trolleys) operating on
single-track patented-track monorail systems, including all curves,
switches, transfer devices, lift and drop sections, and associated
equipment. Does not apply to systems for transporting personnel. These
proposed specifications do not apply to enclosed-track runway sections,
enclosed-track monorail systems, structural-shape runway sections, or
structural-shape monorail systems.
An Affiliated Trade Association of

Material Handling Industry of America
A Division of Material Handling Industry
8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201
Charlotte, NC 28217-3992
© 2009 Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

All rights reserved.
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Published by
Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

An Affiliated Trade Association of Material Handling Industry of America,
a division of Material Handling Industry
8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC, 28217-3992
Telephone: (704) 676-1190 Fax: (704) 676-1199
www.mhia.org/mma
© 2009 by Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
ANSI MH27.1 – 2009
American National Standard
Specifications for Patented Track

Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems
Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. (MMA)

An Affiliated Trade Association of Material Handling Industry of America,
A Division of Material Handling Industry
Approved December 2, 2009

American National Standards Institute, Inc.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI MH27.1 – 2009 (a reaffirmation of MH27.1-2003)
Specifications for Patented Track Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems
Disclaimer
This standard, which was developed under the ANSI Canvass method and
approved by ANSI on December 2, 2009, represents suggested design practices
and performance testing criteria for crane and monorail equipment. It was
developed with the sole intent of offering information to parties engaged in the
manufacture, marketing, purchase, or use of crane and monorail equipment. This
standard is advisory only and acceptance is voluntary and the standard should be
regarded as a guide that the user may or may not choose to adopt, modify, or
reject. The information does not constitute a comprehensive safety program and
should not be relied upon as such. Such a program should be developed and an
independent safety adviser consulted to do so.
Material Handling Industry (MHI), Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. and

their members assume no responsibility and disclaim all liability of any kind,
however arising, as a result of acceptance or use or alleged use of this standard.
User specifically understands and agrees that MHI and Monorail Manufacturers
Association, Inc. and their officers, agents, and employees shall not be liable under
any legal theory or any kind for any action or failure to act with respect to the
design, erection, installation, manufacture, preparation for sale, sale,
characteristics, features, or delivery of anything covered by this standard. Any use
of this information must be determined by the user to be in accordance with
applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
MHI and Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. make no warranties of any kind,
express, implied, or statutory, in connection with the information in this standard.
MHI and Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. specifically disclaim all implied
warranties of merchantability or of fitness for particular purpose.
By referring to or otherwise employing this standard, the user agrees to defend,

protect, indemnify, and hold MHI and Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. and
their officers, agents, and employees harmless from and against all claims, losses,
expenses, damages, and liabilities, direct, incidental, or consequential, arising from
acceptance or use or alleged use of this standard, including loss of profits and
reasonable attorneys' fees which may arise out of the acceptance or use or alleged
use of this standard. The intent of this provision and of the user is to absolve and
protect MHI and Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. and their officers,
agents, and employees from any and all loss relating in any way to this standard,
including those resulting from the user's own negligence.
ii
Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard MH27.1-2009)
This standard was sponsored by the Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. in the interest of
improved uniformity of patented track underhung crane and monorail performance and enhanced
public safety. Since the intention of this standard is to encourage better communication between
the manufacturer and the user, it should be regarded as a guide rather than a rigid specification.
This standard was first published as a Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. consensus
standard in 1973. Since this original publication, the member companies of MMA have recognized
the need to expand user awareness of this standard. As a result, it has been subjected to the
American National Standards Institute's Canvass Review procedure and approved as an ANSI
Standard June 8, 1981. That standard was revised and approved on December 27, 1996 as
MH27.1-1996 replacing MH27.1-1981, then standard was revised and approved September 11,
2003 as MH27.1-2003. Now the standard has been reaffirmed following editorial changes to add
clarification to existing requirements.
At the date of approval of this standard, the Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. consisted of
the following member companies:
Acco Material Handling Solutions

Columbus McKinnon Corporation (CM)
Demag Cranes & Components Corporation
Gorbel, Inc.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Spanco, Inc.
TC/American Monorail Inc.
United States Monorail, Division of American Crane and Hoist Corp.
Suggestions for improvement, and questions regarding interpretation of this standard will be
welcome. They should be sent to: MH 27.1 Committee (MMA), Material Handling Industry of
America, 8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC, 28217-3992 or [email protected].
iii
SPECIFICATIONS FOR PATENTED TRACK

UNDERHUNG CRANES AND MONORAIL SYSTEMS
Table of Contents
Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………...… iii
Section 1 - Scope ………………………………………………………………………… 1
Section 2 - Referenced Specifications and Publishers ……………………………… 1
Section 3 - Duty Service Classification ………………………………………………... 3
Section 4 - General Specifications…… ……………………………………………….. 7
Section 5 - Runway and Monorail Track……………………………………….……… 9
Section 6 - Track Loadings and Design.…………………………………………….…. 10
Section 7 - Suspension Fittings………………………………………………………... 15
Section 8 - Carriers or Trolleys………………………………………………………… 15
Section 9 - Cranes, Transfer Cranes, and Interlocking Cranes…………………… 16
Section 10 - Track Switches…………………………………………………………….. 17
Section 11 - Track Openers …………………………………………………………….. 17
Section 12 - Vertical Drop or Lift Sections……………………………………………... 17
Section 13 - Cab-Controlled Carriers and Cranes (when provided)………………… 18
Section 14 - Brakes.……………………………………………………………………... 18
Section 15 - Electrical Equipment……………..………………………………………... 19
Section 16 - Electrification……………………………………………………………… 20
Section 17 - Equipment for Special Applications………………………………………… 20
Section 18 - Glossary …………………………………………………………………… 21
iv
List of Tables
Table 1 - Duty Service Classification ……………………………………………….. 5
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Runway Alignment Tolerance …………………………………………… 12
Figure 2 - Skewing Load ………………………………………...………………….. 13
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI MH27.1 – 2009
SPECIFICATIONS FOR PATENTED TRACK

UNDERHUNG CRANES AND MONORAIL SYSTEMS
SECTION 1 – Scope
1.1 These specifications apply to underhung cranes whose end trucks operate on the lower
flange of a patented-track runway section; and to carriers (trolleys) operating on single-track
patented-track monorail systems, including all curves, switches, transfer devices, lift and
drop sections, and associated equipment. Systems used for transporting personnel require
special considerations and are not included in these specifications. These specifications do
not apply to enclosed-track runway sections, enclosed-track monorail systems, structural-
shape runway sections, or structural-shape monorail systems. Refer to MMA MH27.2,
Specifications for Enclosed Track Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems for enclosed-
track runway sections and enclosed-track monorail systems.
1.2 Hoist(s) and/or carrier(s) may be supplied by the crane manufacturer, crane distributor,
crane installer, or by the purchaser. In either case, the hoist(s) and carrier(s) shall comply
with the applicable sections of ASME/ANSI B30.16, Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists
(Underhung); ASME B30.11, Safety Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes and
appropriate ASME HST Performance Standards. If the hoist(s) and/or carrier(s) are
supplied by the purchaser, the crane builder shall be provided with certified dimensional
drawings with all required data including wiring diagrams, carrier collector locations and
weights.
1.3 This specification includes consideration for cranes and monorail equipment only. It does
not include considerations or specifications for the design of the building, the design of
supporting structure, electrical power supply, or erection.
1.4 This specification applies to normal ambient temperatures and atmospheric conditions; any
other conditions require special consideration.
SECTION 2 – Referenced Specifications and Standards
Reference is made to portions of other specifications within the text of these specifications.
Referenced specifications and the publishers are as follows:
MMA MH27.2 Specifications for Enclosed Track Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems
Publisher:
Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.
8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201
Charlotte, NC 28217-3992
www.mhia.org/mma
ASME B30.11 Safety Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes
ASME B30.16 Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists (Underhung)
ASME B30.20 Safety Standard for Below-the Hook Lifting Devices
ASME HST-1 Performance Standard for Electric Chain Hoists
ASME HST-2 Performance Standard for Hand Chain Manually Operated Chain Hoists
ASME HST-4 Performance Standard for Overhead Electric Wire Hoists
ASME HST-5 Performance Standard for Air Chain Hoists
ASME HST-6 Performance Standard for Air Wire Rope Hoists
Publisher:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
www.asme.org
ASME Order Department

22 Law Drive, Box 2900
Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900
ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels
ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electric Code
Publisher:
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269
www.nfpa.org
LRFD Manual of Steel Construction
ASD Manual of Steel Construction
Publisher:
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC)
One East Wacker Drive
Suite 3100
Chicago, IL 60601-2001
www.aisc.org
ANSI/NEMA Standards Publication No. ICS6, Industrial Controls and Systems: Enclosures
Publisher:
National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
1300 North 17th Street
Rosslyn, VA 22209
www.nema.org
ANSI/AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code-Steel
ANSI/AWS D14.1 Specification for Welding of Industrial and Mill Cranes and other Material
Handling Equipment
Publisher:
American Welding Society, Inc. (AWS)
P.O. Box 351040
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33135
www.amweld.org
ANSI Z241.2 Safety Requirements for Melting and Pouring of Metals in the Metalcasting
Industry
Publisher:
American Foundrymen's Society
505 State Street
Des Plaines, IL 60016
www.afsinc.org
SECTION 3 – Duty Service Classification
This specification includes consideration for cranes and monorail equipment only. It does not
include considerations or specifications for the design of the building, the design of supporting
structure, electrical power supply, or erection.
3.1 Duty service classifications have been established to enable the buyer to specify the most
economical carrier (trolley) or crane for a particular installation. To determine proper
service classification of equipment, it should be noted that there are three possible basic
modes of operation to be considered. These modes are crane (bridge) travel, carrier
(trolley) travel, and hoist travel. Carriers (trolleys) or cranes are affected by operating
conditions. Such conditions are high ambient temperatures, dust, moisture, corrosive
fumes, etc. Unless otherwise specified, carriers (trolleys) and crane shall be designed to
operate in ambient temperatures between 0° and 104°F (-18° and 40°C) and in
atmospheres reasonably free from dust, moisture, and corrosive fumes. Unless otherwise
specified, carriers (trolleys) and cranes shall be designed for Class C service as defined in
Table 1 and powered hoists shall meet Hoist Duty Class H3 as defined in ASME HST – 4,
Performance Standard for Overhead Electric Wire Rope Hoists or ASME HST – 1,
Performance Standard for Electric Chain Hoists.
3.2 Service conditions have an important influence on the performance of wearing parts such
as gears, bearings, rope, sheaves, electrical equipment, brake linings, load and lift limit
devices, wheels, etc.
Careful consideration of the duty service classifications described in this Section will enable
the user to evaluate the application and to obtain a carrier (trolley) or crane designed for
optimum performance and minimum maintenance. If additional assistance is required,
consult with the manufacturer, supplier, or a qualified person to determine classification
requirements based upon the application. Many factors enter into the selection of the
proper equipment to perform a given function. Carrier (trolley) and crane equipment
consists of both mechanical and electrical components and both must be considered when
analyzing the service the equipment must perform reset inspection certification verification
re adjust classification validation tuning tune check check up examination .
The factors that influence the mechanical and electrical performance include:
3.2.1 Load Distribution

The actual distribution or proportion of full and partial loads to be handled by the equipment,
including lifting devices, has an important effect on the life of power-transmission
components. For example, ball bearing life generally varies inversely according to the cube
of the load.
3.2.2 Operational Time

Operational time is the total running time per hour.
TABLE 1
Duty Service Classification
Operational Time Ratings at K = 0.65

Uniformly Distributed Infrequent
Work Periods Work Periods
Max. ON Time Max. ON Time
Duty Time Max. No. From Cold Max. No.
Class Typical Areas of Application min/hr Starts/hr Start Min. of Starts
(Col. 1) (Col. 2) (Col. 3) (Col. 4) (Col. 5) (Col. 6)
A Powerhouse and utilities, infrequent

handling. Equipment used primarily to
7.5 75 15 100
install and service heavy equipment (12.5%)
where loads frequently approach rated
load and where the equipment is idle for
1 to 6 months between periods of
operation.
B Light machine shop, fabricating service,

and maintenance. Loads and utilization 7.5 75 15 100
randomly distributed. Rated loads (12.5%)
infrequently handled. Total running time
not over 12.5% of the work period.
C General machine shop, fabricating, 15 150 30 200

assembly, storage, and warehousing. (25%)
Loads and utilization randomly distributed.
Total running time not over 25% of the work
period.
D High volume handling of heavy loads, 30 300 30 300

frequently near rated load in steel warehousing,
machine and fabricating shops, mills, and
(50%)
foundries, with total running time not over 50%
of the work period.
Manual or automatic cycling operations of
lighter loads with rated loads infrequently
handled such as in heat treating and plating
operations, with total running time frequently
over 50% of the work period.
E Bulk handling of material in combination with

buckets, magnets, or other heavy attachments. 60 600 N/A N/A
Equipment often cab operated. Duty cycles (100%) [(Note (1)] [Note (1)]
approaching continuous operation are
frequently necessary. User must specify exact
details of operation, including weight of
attachments.
NOTE:
(1) n/a = Not applicable since there are no infrequent work periods in Class E Service
3.2.3 Work Distribution

This is determined by whether the operation time is uniformly distributed over the work
period or concentrated in a short time span. Work distribution generally does not
appreciably affect mechanical wear, but does materially affect the electrical components
such as motors, brakes, and controls. For example, a motor designed to operate 30
minutes out of each hour of an 8-hour shift cannot handle 4 hours of steady run and 4 hours
of idle time even though either condition only requires 4 hours of operational time per 8-
hour shift.
3.2.4 Number of Starts and Stops

This directly affects all electromechanical devices such as motors, contactors, brakes, and
solenoids.
3.2.5 Hazardous Locations

When equipment is used in hazardous locations as defined by the National Electrical Code,
ANSI/NFPA 70 or other special codes, modifications or additional precautions not covered
by this Standard, may be required. In these locations, only equipment designed in a
manner suitable for the conditions encountered shall be used.
3.2.6 Hot Molten Material Handling

When equipment is used to handle hot molten material, modifications or additional
precautions not covered by this Standard may be required. Refer to ANSI Z241.2, Safety
Requirements for Melting and Pouring of Metals in Metalcasting Industry.
3.3 Duty Service Classification Table

While all the factors listed in paragraph 3.2 must be considered in selecting the proper duty
class, most industrial applications, having randomly distributed loads or uniform loads up to
65% of rated load handled periodically throughout the work period, can be generalized
according to the type of workshop or area of application. Listed in column 1 of Table 1 are
the five duty classes which have been established. In column 2 are listed typical areas of
application where each class can normally be applied. The majority of applications fall into
one of the three duty classes A, B, or C, and the use of the generalized descriptions in
column 2 of Table 1 may be used for selection.
3.3.1 Operational Time Ratings

If in doubt as to the required duty classification for an application, refer to the data in
columns 3 through 6 of Table 1 that show the operational time ratings for each class.
3.3.1.1 Uniformly Distributed Work Periods
a) Maximum On Time, min/hr – The maximum running time in minutes per hour permitted
for the duty class when utilization is uniformly distributed over a given work period
(column 3).
b) Maximum Number of Starts Per Hour – The maximum number of motor starts per hour
permitted for the duty class when utilizations are uniformly distributed over a given work
period. For two-speed motors, the total number of starts is the sum of the starts made
at each motor speed (column 4).
3.3.1.2 Infrequent Work Periods
a) Maximum On Time From Cold Start In Minutes – The maximum total running time for
utilization for the duty class starting with equipment at ambient temperature. These
values cover infrequent periods of extended use and are applicable only with the
equipment at ambient temperature and cannot be repeated unless it is allowable to cool
down to ambient temperature between periods (column 5).
b) Maximum Number of Starts – The maximum total number of motor starts permitted for
infrequent work periods specified in column 5. For two-speed motors the total number
of starts is the sum of the starts made at each motor speed (column 6).
3.4 Mean Effective Load

Mean effective load denotes a theoretical single load value which has the same effect on
the equipment as various loads actually applied to the equipment over a period of time.
K is the mean effective load factor and is expressed as:
K=
3
√ W13P1 + W23P2 + W33P3 + … + Wn3Pn
Where:
K = Mean Effective Load Factor. Mean effective load factor is the ratio of the mean
effective load to the rated load.
W = Load Magnitude. Load magnitude is the ratio of the equipment operating load to
the equipment rated load. Operation with no load shall be included along with the
weight of any dead load such as lifting attachments or devices.
P = Load Probability. Load probability is the ratio of the running time under each load
magnitude condition to the equipment total running time. The sum total of all load
probabilities used in the above equation shall equal 1.0.
3.5 Randomly Distributed Loads

Randomly distributed loads are defined as the weight of the equipment operation loads, and
are assumed to be a percentage of the rated load, distributed in decreasing steps of 20% of
the previous load value. Random loads are, therefore, considered as 100, 80, 64, 51, 41,
33, 26, etc., % of rated load. Operation with random loads is considered on an equal time
basis for the operating time remaining after accounting for the time the equipment is
operating at no load and rated load. Randomly distributed loads will result in mean effective
load factor of 0.65. (See Table 1)
SECTION 4 – General Specifications
4.1 Design Criteria
4.1.1 The following limitations of stress provide a margin of strength to allow for variations in the
properties of materials, manufacturing methods, operating conditions, and design
assumptions; and under no condition should such limitations be used to imply authorization
or protection for users loading the crane beyond its rated capacity.
4.1.2 Castings, forgings, stampings, and other mechanical load-bearing parts, with the exception
of structural members shall be designed with an allowable stress not to exceed 20% of the
minimum ultimate strength of the material. For Case 3 loadings (see Section 6.2.3) the
allowable stress may be raised to 30% of the minimum ultimate strength of the material.
4.1.3 For the design stresses of track, runways, bridge girders, and end trucks, refer to Sections
6 and 8.
4.1.4 Structural members not specifically covered by this specification, members in compression,
bracing members and compression flanges of long span bending members shall be
designed in accordance with the AISC Specifications for Structural Steel for Buildings.
4.1.5 In the design of bridge girders, runway and monorail tracks, hanger rods and fasteners
subject to repeated load, consideration shall be given to the number of stress cycles, the
expected stress range and stress category as contained in Appendix K-4, AISC Manual of
th
Steel Construction, (Allowable Stress Design), 9 Edition.
4.1.6 All welding shall conform to ANSI/AWS D14.1 – Specification for Welding Industrial and Mill
Cranes and other Material Handling Equipment. Where field welding of equipment is
required, welding shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Where
field welding to the building is required, it shall be done with the owner's permission and in
accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.1 – Structural Welding Code-Steel.
4.1.7 Where two or more cranes operate on one runway or two or more carriers (trolleys) operate
on a crane, monorail or a combination of transfer cranes, the maximum loading conditions
on the runway, cranes, and monorail tracks shall be specified by stating the position of the
loads. Means should be provided so that loads will not be positioned to exceed the design
limitations set.
4.1.8 Requirements of ASME B30.11 – Safety Standards for Monorails and Underhung Cranes,
shall be incorporated in equipment furnished under these specifications.
4.2 Rated Load and Rated Load Markings
4.2.1 When determining the rated capacity of a crane or carrier, all accessories below the hook,
such as load bars, magnets, grabs, etc., shall be included as part of the load to be handled.
4.2.2 The rated load of the crane shall be marked in accordance with ASME B30.11 – Safety
Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes.
4.2.3 The rated load of each hoist on a crane or monorail shall be marked in accordance with
ASME B30.16 – Safety Standards for Overhead Hoists (Underhung). If a crane or monorail
has more than one hoist unit, the combined load applied to all hoists on a crane or monorail
shall not exceed the rated load of the crane or monorail.
4.3 Manufacturer's Identification Markings
4.3.1 The crane shall be marked with manufacturer's identification information in accordance with
ASME B30.11 – Safety Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes.
4.3.2 Each hoist on a crane or monorail shall be marked with manufacturer's information in
accordance with ASME B30.16 – Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists (Underhung).
4.4 Warnings
4.4.1 Floor-operated cranes shall have a safety label or labels affixed to the pendant station or
load block and shall include cautionary language in accordance with ASME B30.16 – Safety
Standard for Overhead Hoists (Underhung).
4.4.2 Cab-operated cranes shall have a safety label or labels affixed in the cab and shall include
cautionary language in accordance with ASME B30.16 – Safety Standard for Overhead
Hoists (Underhung).
4.5 Clearances
4.5.1 A minimum clearance of 2" (50 mm) should be provided between the crane and any lateral
or overhead obstruction.
4.5.2 Where two non-interlocking cranes operate on parallel runways with no intervening walls or
structures between them, the clearance between the two cranes should be no less than 2"
(50 mm).
4.5.3 Where two cranes on parallel runways are designed for interlocking and transfer of the
carrier, provisions shall be made for a clearance between the ends of the crane bridge
girders of no more than 1/4" (6 mm).
4.5.4 Clearance shall be provided at the curves of a monorail system for swing of the load when
negotiating the curve. Clearance shall be determined by giving due consideration to the
carrier design; size, weight, and speed of travel of the load; and the curve radius.
4.5.5 Clearances should take into account the length of load, hoists, and carrier (trolley).
SECTION 5 – Runway and Monorail Track
5.1 Patented track shall be a specially rolled or fabricated section.
5.2 The minimum hardness of the lower load carrying (tension) flange of patented track shall be
195 Brinell.
5.3 The tread of the lower load carrying (tension) flange shall be flat.
5.4 Track shall be designed to limit deflection under rated load to no more than 1/450 of the
crane span or unsupported length, or 1 1/4" (32 mm), whichever is less. Impact need not
be included in calculating deflections.
5.5 On crane spans or unsupported lengths over 16' – 0" (4.9 m) the ratio of crane span or
unsupported length to top flange width shall not exceed 60 to 1.
5.6 Web type or other suitable couplings (splices) shall be provided at all track joints. The
maximum gap between ends of the load carrying flange shall not exceed 1/16" (1.5 mm).
5.7 Stops shall be provided at the ends of the carrier and crane travel. Stops or forks shall be
provided at open ends of tracks, such as: interlocking cranes, track openers and track
switches. Stops shall be provided to resist impact forces of a fully loaded carrier or crane
traveling at a normal walking speed or at 50% of the rated full load speed, if the carrier or
crane is motor driven.
5.8 Monorail curves shall be of such radius as to permit operation of the carrier without binding
(refer to Section 8.3).
5.9 Where track systems cross building expansion joints, provisions shall be made to
accommodate for differential expansion of building and track. Expansion compensated for
by appropriate hanger-rod swing is one possible provision.
5.10 Track straightness, center-to-center distance, and elevation shall be within the tolerance
given in Figure 1, unless the system is operable with other tolerances as established by the
manufacturer. Track running-surface misalignment at joints, following installation and
adjustment, shall not exceed 1/32" (1 mm).
SECTION 6 – Track Loadings and Design
6.1 Runway and monorail track shall be a specially rolled or fabricated section and shall be
considered as a simple beam in determining capacity. In determining the capacity of the
tracks, the load on the load-carrying (tension) flange shall be assumed to be at the point
central within the wheel tread. Allowable wheel loads shall take into account the stress
imposed on the lower load-carrying flange when a carrier transfers from one track to
another. Where track sections are diagonally cut at transfers, the wheel loads shall be
limited by the stress imposed on the lower load-carrying flange. When considering
horizontal forces on the track, they should be applied through the shear center of the track
section, unless track is restrained torsionally.
6.2 Track is subjected to different loading conditions that vary with the application of the
equipment and track. These loading conditions are divided into three different cases.
Standard designs shall be based on Case 1. Designs that include considerations of Cases
2 and 3 shall be specified by the purchaser.
6.2.1 Case 1 – Principal Loads
Case 1 loadings shall consist of applicable loads as follows:
a) track dead load,
b) carrier dead load,
c) crane dead load,
d) lifted or live load, and
e) lifted or live load impact factor.
6.2.1.1 Track dead load

The weight of the track and the weight of any fixed machinery or structure supported by the
track.
10
6.2.1.2 Carrier dead load

The weight of the carrier unit including the hoist or other components that are part of the
carrier unit.
6.2.1.3 Crane dead load

The weight of the crane unit including all components that are part of the crane unit.
6.2.1.4 Lifted or live load

The lifted or live load consists of the rated or working load and the weight of any lifting
devices used for handling and holding the working load such as the load block, lifting beam,
bucket, magnet, grab, or other supplemental devices.
6.2.1.5 Lifted or live load impact factor

This factor applies to powered hoists only and shall be included in the design of all
components of the crane or monorail system. The impact factor shall be 1/2% of the hoist
rated or working load for each foot per minute (1.6% of rated or working load for each meter
per minute) of hoisting speed with minimum factor value of 15% and a maximum factor
value of 50%. For bucket and magnet applications, a factor value of 50% shall be used.
6.2.2 Case 2 – Principal plus additional Loads

Case 2 loading shall include Case 1 loadings plus applicable loadings such as:
a) operating wind load
b) Skewing load, and
c) operating lateral load
6.2.2.1 Operating wind load

Lateral load due to wind, when applicable or specified, shall be considered as an operating
load of 5 pounds per square foot (24.4 kg/m²) of projected area unless higher wind forces
are specified. Where multiple surfaces are exposed to the wind force, such as crane girder
and auxiliary girder, and the horizontal distance between surfaces is greater than the depth
of the member on the windward side, consideration shall be given to increasing the effective
area exposed to the wind. For single surfaces, such as cabs, a projected area shall be
considered to be 1.2 times the projected area to account for negative pressure on the far
side of the enclosure.
6.2.2.2 Skewing load

Lateral load due to skewing forces that tend to skew the track shall be considered as an
operating load. The horizontal force shall be obtained by multiplying the vertical load
exerted on each wheel by the coefficient Ssk shown in Figure 2 for rigidly-supported track.
The values shown in Figure 2 should be reduced by 50% for flexibly-supported track. The
wheelbase is the distance between the outermost wheels for this calculation.
11
A = 3/16" in any
Span Max. Span Nom. Span support span
Min. Span
(2 Runways) (L+A) (L-A) (L)
4.76 mm
Span B = 3/16" in any

Max. Span #1 Min. Span #1 support span
(3 or more Min. Span #2
runways (L+B) (L-B)
(L'-B)
4.76 mm
Nom. Span #2
Max. Span #2 Nom. Span #1 (L’)
(L'+B) (L')
+C
Straightness C = 1/4" in any

support span
6.35 mm
-C
+D
D = 1/4" in any
Elevation support span
6.35 mm
-D
Rail to Rail +E
Elevation
E = 1/4" between
adjacent rails
Nom. Tread Line
6.35 mm
-E
Figure 1 – Runway Alignment Tolerance
12
3 4 5 6 7 8
RATIO = _______SPAN ______

WHEELBASE
Figure 2 – Skewing Load
6.2.2.3 Operating lateral load

Lateral load due to any other forces as specified by the purchaser or determined by the
manufacturer shall be considered as an operating load.
6.2.3 Case 3 – Case 1 or Case 2 plus Extraordinary Loads

Case 3 loading shall include Case 1 or Case 2 loading plus applicable loadings such as:
a) stored wind load,
b) collision load, and
c) seismic load.
6.2.3.1 Stored wind load

Lateral load due to the maximum wind that the track and bridge is designed to withstand
during an out-of-service condition.
6.2.3.2 Collision load

Load due to the inadvertent collision of two cranes or carriers; or crane or carrier and end
stops or bumpers.
6.2.3.3 Seismic load

Load due to specific seismic conditions. If required, seismic accelerations to the track shall
be in accordance with section 6.1 and shall be specified by the owner.
The allowable stress levels under conditions of these loadings shall be applied in
accordance with section 6.3.2.
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6.3 The allowable stress in the track shall be limited by the loading case that is considered.
Case 1 and Case 2 loadings are considered operating conditions, while Case 3 loading is
considered an extraordinary event. Under Case 3 conditions, the equipment is expected to
withstand the loading conditions, however, may not be operational after the event occurs.
6.3.1 Allowable stress on the track for Case 1 and Case 2 loading conditions shall be as follows:
6.3.1.1 The allowable tension stress in the lower load-carrying (tension) flange of Patented Track
shall be 20% of the minimum ultimate strength of the material used.
6.3.1.2 The allowable stress in the compression flange shall be determined by the formula:
6
F = 12x10 < 60% of the yield strength of the material used.
ld/Af
Where:
l = Unbraced span between track supports in inches (mm). Cantilever lengths

require special considerations.
d = Depth of track in inches (mm).
Af = Area of compression flange in square inches (square mm).
F = Allowable stress in psi (kg/mm²).
This formula is applicable when the compression flange is solid and approximately
rectangular in cross-section and is not less than that of the tension flange. For other
conditions, refer to AISC manual for steel construction. The computed stress shall not be
greater than 0.6 of the yield strength of the material used.
6.3.2 Allowable Stress in the track for Case 3 loading conditions shall be as follows:
6.3.2.1 The allowable tension stress in the lower load-carrying (tension) flange for Patented Track
shall be 30% of the minimum ultimate strength of the material used.
6
F = (1.3) 12x10 < 75% of the yield strength of the material used.
ld/Af
Where:
l = Unbraced span between track supports in inches (mm). Cantilever lengths

require special considerations.
d = Depth of track in inches (mm).
Af = Area of compression flange in square inches (square mm).
F = Allowable stress in psi (kg/mm²).
This formula is applicable when the compression flange is solid and approximately
rectangular in cross-section and is not less than that of the tension flange. For other
conditions, refer to AISC manual for steel construction. The computed stress shall not be
greater than 0.75 of the yield strength of the material used.
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SECTION 7 – Suspension Fittings
All necessary clamps, hanger rods, and other fittings from which a track is suspended shall be
considered as part of the track system. Track hangers shall support the load resulting from the
maximum loading condition. The allowable cross-sectional area for hanger rods shall be
determined from the root area of the rod (minor diameter of threads), or from test data.
7.1 Means shall be provided to allow for the vertical adjustment of the track both before and
after the system has been put in operation so that track can be erected and maintained
level.
7.2 Where the track is suspended from hanger rods, the track shall be braced to restrain the
track against damaging lateral and longitudinal movement.
7.3 Where the track is suspended from hanger rods, means shall be provided to prevent the
hanger-rod nuts from backing off the rods.
7.4 Where multiple rods are used at a suspension point, consideration shall be given to the
unequal load induced in the rods.
7.5 In the design of hanger rods, the allowable stress shall be 20% of the minimum ultimate
strength of the material used.
SECTION 8 – Carriers or Trolleys
8.1 Carrier yokes shall be of the swiveling type.
8.1.1 Wheels shall have a minimum tread hardness of 375 Brinell.
8.1.2 Wheel bearings shall be anti-friction precision type bearings. Bearings shall be
prelubricated and sealed or provided with fittings and seals or shields for pressure
lubrication.
8.1.2.1 Bearings shall be selected to provide a minimum B-10 life of 1,250 hours for Class A
service; 2,500 hours for Class B service; 5,000 hours for Class C service; 10,000 hours for
Class D service; and 20,000 hours for Class E service.
8.1.2.2 Bearing life shall be based on 75% of the wheel load (impact need not be included) and the
full-rated speed of motor-propelled carriers or an assumed speed of 150 FPM (46 meter per
minute) for manually-propelled carriers.
8.2 Motor-propelled carriers shall be driven by a driving head mounted on the load bar of the
load-carrying member with traction dependent on the wheel load of the driving heads, or by
a tractor drive which provides traction by pressure of the driving wheel or wheels on the
underside of the track. The pressure of the driving wheel or wheels on the tractor drive
shall be adjustable.
8.2.1 All gearing shall be made from material of adequate strength or durability to meet the
requirements for the intended service class.
8.2.2 All gearing except the final reduction at wheels shall run in oil or be splash lubricated.
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8.3 The wheelbase of carriers (trolleys) that operate on monorail systems with curves shall be
equal to or less than the radius of the smallest curve in the monorail system, not including
curved track in switches.
SECTION 9 – Cranes, Transfer Cranes, and Interlocking Cranes
9.1 Cranes shall be manually or motor propelled, and operate on two or more runways.
9.1.1 Crane girders shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5 and 6
except the ratio of crane span to top flange width of 60 to 1 is not applicable to girders for
cranes where the top flange of the girders are laterally braced. 9.1.1 does not apply to the
enclosed track systems.
9.1.2 Carrier (trolley) yokes shall be of the swiveling type. End-truck load bars shall be cradled in
yokes.
9.1.3 Wheels shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.1.1.
9.1.4 Wheel bearings and bearing life shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections
8.1.2, 8.1.2.1, and 8.1.2.2.
9.1.5 Lugs shall be provided on end trucks to limit drop of the end truck to 1" (25 mm) or less in
the event of wheel or axle failure. Lugs shall be located on both sides of the track load-
carrying flange to provide central loading of the track about the vertical axis if failure occurs.
9.1.6 Ratio of crane span to end-truck wheelbase for patented track shall not exceed 10:1.
9.1.7 Stops shall be provided at ends of girders in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.7.
9.1.8 Motor-propelled cranes shall be driven by individual driving heads or tractor drives mounted
on or attached to two or more end trucks or by squaring-shaft type drive which provides
traction by pressure of the driving wheels on the underside of the track. Drives shall be in
accordance with the provisions of Sections 8.2, 8.2.1, and 8.2.2.
9.1.9 On double-girder cranes, means shall be provided to maintain the gauge of the girders.
9.1.10 Interlock mechanisms for transfer and interlocking cranes shall maintain alignment of crane
girder or girders with spur tracks, fixed transfer sections or crane girders of interlocking
cranes operating on adjacent runways to permit the transfer of a carrier from one to the
other.
9.1.10.1 Interlock mechanisms shall limit load-carrying flange misalignment to a maximum of 1/8" (3
mm).
9.1.10.2 Stops or forks shall be an integral part of the interlock mechanisms. When girders and
spur tracks or transfer sections are aligned and interlock mechanisms are engaged, stops
or forks shall be in the open position and permit transfer of carrier from one to the other.
When girders and spur tracks of transfer sections are not aligned and/or interlock
mechanisms are disengaged, stops or forks shall be in the closed position and prevent
carriers from rolling off the end of spur tracks, transfer sections, or crane girders.
9.1.10.3 Transfer and interlocking cranes, spur tracks, and fixed transfer sections shall have a
maximum gap of 1/4" (6 mm) between adjacent ends of the load-carrying flange.
16
SECTION 10 – Track Switches
10.1 Track switches shall be of the tongue, rotary, crosstrack, or sliding type. They shall
maintain alignment of the incoming tracks and switch tracks, with a maximum gap of 3/16"
(5 mm) between adjacent ends of the load-carrying flanges. Misalignment shall not exceed
1/16" (2 mm). Switches may be operated by pull chains or ropes or by electric-, pneumatic-
, or hydraulic-operated devices.
10.2 Stops shall be provided as an integral part of the switch to protect the end of an incoming
track when the switch track is not aligned with the incoming track, and shall resist the
impact forces of a fully loaded carrier traveling at a normal walking speed or at 50% of the
full-load speed, if the carrier is motor propelled. Guards shall also be provided to prevent a
carrier (or trolley) on the movable track from running off the movable track, when it is not
aligned with an incoming track.
10.3 Means shall be provided to hold the movable frame during passage of carriers (or trolleys)
through the track switch.
10.4 Electric baffles shall be provided on track switches and incoming tracks of systems with
cab-controlled carriers or automatic-dispatch carriers. Baffles shall prevent carrier contact
with the end of an incoming track when the track switch is not aligned with the incoming
track. Baffles shall also prevent the load from interfering with the load path of the adjacent
track.
SECTION 11 – Track Openers
11.1 Hand-operated or automatic track openers shall be provided where it is necessary to open
a section of track to allow for closing of sliding or curtain-type fire doors. These devices
shall open the track and allow the door to close either by hand operation or as a result of
the parting of a fuse in the event of a fire. The gap between the adjacent track and track
opener shall be no more than 3/16" (5 mm) for patented track and 1/8" (2 mm) for enclosed
track. Forks or stops designed per paragraph 5.7 shall be provided to prevent a carrier (or
trolley) from running off either of the open ends of the track when the movable section is not
in alignment with the track.
11.2 Electric baffles shall be provided on stationary tracks of track openers of systems with cab-
controlled carriers or automatic-dispatch carriers.
SECTION 12 – Vertical Drop or Lift Sections
12.1 Vertical drop or lift sections shall maintain alignment of the stationary track(s) and the
movable tracks(s) with a maximum gap of 3/16" (5 mm) between adjacent ends of the load-
carrying flanges.
12.2 When sections are operated by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic power, means shall be
provided to limit the vertical travel of alignment of the movable track with the stationary
track(s). Misalignment between the movable track and stationary tracks shall not exceed
1/16" (2 mm).
17
12.3 Stops shall be an integral part of the movable track and shall prevent a carrier from running
off either end of the movable track when the movable track is not in alignment with the
stationary track(s).
12.4 Stops shall be an integral part of the stationary track(s) and shall prevent a carrier from
running off the open ends of the stationary track(s) when the movable track is not in
alignment with the stationary track(s).
12.5 Clearances should take into account the length of the load, hoist, and carrier (or trolley).
12.6 Electric baffles shall be provided on stationary tracks of systems with automatic-dispatch
carriers. Baffles shall prevent carrier contact with the stop at the end of the stationary track
when the movable track is not in alignment with the stationary track. Baffles shall also
prevent the load from contacting another load on the movable section.
SECTION 13 – Cab-Controlled Carriers and Cranes (when provided)
13.1 An operator's cab shall be furnished only when specifically requested by the purchaser.
13.2 The general arrangement of the cab and the location of control and protective equipment
shall be such that all operating handles are within convenient reach of the operator when
facing the area to be served by the load hook, or while looking in the direction of travel of
the cab. The arrangement shall allow the operator the full view of the load hook in all
positions in the travel path.
13.3 The cab shall be located to afford a minimum of 3" (76 mm) clearance from all fixed
structures within its area of possible movement.
13.4 The clearance of the cab above the working floor or passageway should be no less than 7'
(2.1 m), except when operations require dimensions that are less. In this case, precautions
shall be taken during operation of the crane or carrier to keep personnel and other
obstructions clear of the low overhead cab.
13.5 Where it operates on a single track, the cab should be mounted on a separate trolley and
coupled to the load-carrying trolley. On double-girder cranes, the cab shall be rigidly
attached to the carrier or crane to minimize swaying or vibration.
13.6 Where windows are provided, they shall meet the requirements of ASME B30.11 – Safety
Standards for Monorails and Underhung Cranes.
13.7 The cab shall be provided with a roof capable of supporting without permanent distortion,
the weight of a 200-pound (91 kg) person.
SECTION 14 – Brakes
14.1 Hoisting brakes shall be in accordance with ASME HST Standards and ASME B30.16 –
Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists (Underhung).
14.2 Brakes supplied for carrier or crane travel may be applied by mechanical, electrical,
pneumatic, or hydraulic means. Brakes shall be in conformance with ASME B30.11 –
Safety Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes.
18
14.3 Travel Holding Brakes, when provided, shall have a torque rating of at least 50% of the
rated motor torque and be adjustable to a minimum of 25% of the rated motor torque.
SECTION 15 – Electrical Equipment
15.1 Wiring and equipment shall comply with the provisions of Article 610, ANSI/NFPA 70
National Electric Code.
15.2 The power and control circuit voltage shall not exceed 600 volts for alternating current or
direct current. The control circuit voltage in pendant push buttons shall not exceed 150
volts for A.C. or 300 volts for D.C.
15.3 Unless otherwise specified, all functions on floor-operated equipment shall be from a
common pendant pushbutton station. The pushbutton station shall be suspended in a
manner that will protect the electrical conductors against strain. Functions on cab-
controlled equipment shall be from master switches or pushbuttons. Motion controls shall
return to the off position when released by the operator. All switches, buttons and
indicators shall be clearly labeled as to their purpose and function.
15.4 Motors shall be rated on no less than a 30 minute basis with temperature rise in accordance
with the latest NEMA standards for the class of insulation and enclosure used, unless
otherwise specified. Motors shall be of the type suitable for crane and hoist service and
shall be provided with anti-friction bearings. Motor duty rating shall be suitable for the
service class required.
15.4.1 Motor insulation shall be a minimum of Class B, based upon a 40°C ambient. Unless
otherwise notified, manufacturer will assume a 40°C ambient.
15.4.2 Motors for use in Hazardous Locations shall conform to appropriate Class, Group and
Divisions, as set forth in ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electric Code.
15.5 Control systems may be magnetic, solid state, static, or in combination as specified. Crane
and carrier controls shall be plain reversing unless otherwise specified. All reversing
contactors shall be mechanically and electrically interlocked. Unless otherwise specified,
controls shall be mounted in NEMA type 1 general-purpose enclosures (see section 17 for
special applications).
15.5.1 Magnetic control shall have contactors of sufficient size for crane and hoist duty consistent
with the horsepower and voltage of the motor or motors with which they are used.
15.5.2 Solid state power components such as thyristors, diodes, etc., shall be rated in accordance
with the horsepower, voltage and time ratings of the motor or motors with which they are
used.
15.5.3 Static power components such as rectifiers, reactors, etc., as required, shall be in
accordance with the horsepower, voltage and time ratings of the motor or motors with which
they are used.
15.5.4 Carriers and cranes with squirrel cage motors and single speed control should be provided
with reduced torque starting through the use of solid state devices, autotransformers,
resistors, fluid couplings, or electro-mechanical means.
19
15.5.5 Carriers and cranes with squirrel cage motors and multi-speed control should be provided
with reduced torque in starting and changing from one speed to the other. Reduced torque
may be provided through the use of solid state devices, autotransformers, resistors, fluid
couplings, or electro-mechanical means.
15.5.6 Carriers and cranes with squirrel cage motors that use variable frequency drives with
controlled acceleration and deceleration do not need reduced torque solid state devices,
autotransformers, resistors, fluid couplings, or electro-mechanical means specified in
sections 15.5.5 and 15.5.4.
15.5.7 Controls for carriers and cranes with wound-rotor motors shall have a minimum of two
acceleration contactors and a minimum of three speed points.
15.5.8 Carriers and cranes with D.C. motors shall have single-speed or variable-speed control in
accordance with the provisions of Sections 15.5.4 and 15.5.7.
15.5.9 Where more than one motor is employed on a crane, each motor shall have individual
phase overcurrent protection. Where two or more motors operate a single carrier or crane
and are controlled as a unit by one controller, the motors with their leads may be protected
by a single overcurrent device.
15.6 A motor-circuit switch or circuit breaker shall be provided in the leads from the runway
contact conductors on all electrically-powered cranes. Where this disconnecting means is
not readily accessible from the crane operating station, means shall be provided at the
crane operating station to open the power circuit to the crane motors, except as specified in
Article 610 of ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electric Code. The continuous ampacity of the
motor-circuit switch or circuit breaker shall be no less than 50% of the combined short-time
ampacities of the motors required for any single crane motion.
15.7 All cranes using a lifting magnet shall have a magnet circuit switch of the enclosed type with
provisions for locking in the open position. Means for discharging the stored inductive
energy of the magnet shall be provided.
SECTION 16 – Electrification
16.1 Where electrical equipment operates on a system, power shall be supplied by means of
insulated or open rigid-type contact conductors mounted parallel to the track. Conductors
shall comply with the provisions of Article 610, ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electrical Code.
Flexible cable may be used in lieu of rigid-type contact conductors.
16.2 Conductors shall be sized to carry the required current to the crane(s), when operating with
rated load.
16.3 Collectors shall be of the wheel or shoe type and shall be designed to minimize sparking
between the wheel or shoe and the contact conductor.
SECTION 17 – Equipment for Special Applications
17.1 Sections 1 through 16 are for use in normal ambient temperatures and atmospheric
conditions; any other conditions require special consideration.
20
SECTION 18 – Glossary
18.1 Ambient Temperature – The temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the equipment.
18.2 Ampacity – The current carrying capacity expressed in amperes.
18.3 Automatic Crane – A crane that when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles.
18.4 Automatic Dispatch Carrier – A carrier that when activated operates through a preset
cycle or cycles.
18.5 Bearing Life – B-10 Bearing Life – The B-10 bearing life of an anti-friction bearing is the
minimum expected life, in hours, of 90% of a group of bearings that are operated at a given
speed and loading.
18.6 Bridge Travel (Crane Travel) – Crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane
runway.
18.7 Bridge Girder (Crane Girder) – Crane member on which carriers (trolleys) travel,
horizontally mounted between and supported by the end trucks.
18.8 Building Structure – The structural members of a building that support the building loads
and on which the loads of crane or monorail equipment, and the material to be moved, will
be imposed.
18.9 Brake – A device other than a motor used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or
power means.
18.10 Cab – An operator's compartment attached to a crane or carrier.
18.11 Cab-controlled – Equipment controlled from an operator's cab.
18.12 Carrier (trolley) – A unit that travels on the bottom flange of a monorail track or bridge
girder used to support and transport a load.
18.13 Carrier Head – A two-wheel assembly used with load bars to form a carrier or end truck.
18.14 Circuit Breaker – A device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to
open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent, without injury to itself when
properly applied within its rating.
18.15 Clamp – A type of suspension fitting used to support tracks from an overhead structure,
which is fastened to the structure by mechanical means rather than welding or direct
bolting.
18.16 Collectors – Electrical contacting devices providing a path for current flow from stationary
conductors to moving equipment.
18.17 Collector, Shoe – The portion of a collector that makes contact by sliding on the conductor
bar.
18.18 Collector, Wheel – The portion of a collector that makes contact by rolling on the conductor
bar.
21
18.19 Conductors, Insulated – A bar with a non-conducting cover material to minimize

accidental contact with the conductor, used to transmit an electrical current.
18.20 Conductors, Open – A bare bar, or wire, used to transmit an electrical current.
18.21 Control, Single Speed – A drive control system providing one-speed operation in either
direction.
18.22 Control, Multi-Speed – A drive control system providing more than one-speed operation in
either direction using multi-speed squirrel cage motors.
18.23 Control, Variable Speed – A drive control system providing more than one-speed
operation in either direction.
18.24 Control Voltage – The voltage impressed on the control devices.
18.25 Controller – A device by means of which the operator controls the speed, acceleration,
torque and/or direction or motor-driven equipment.
18.26 Couplings (Splices) – Mechanical devices used to join the adjacent end of track sections.
18.27 Crane – A machine for lifting and lowering a load, and moving it horizontally. Drives may
be manual, power, or a combination of both.
18.28 Crane, Double Girder – A crane having two bridge girders mounted between and
supported from the end trucks.
18.29 Crane Girder – See Bridge Girder.
18.30 Crane, Semi-Gantry – A traveling crane with one end of the bridge supported on one or
more legs running on fixed rails or other runway and the other end of the bridge supported
by a track running on an elevated fixed rail or runway.
18.31 Crane Span – See Span.
18.32 Crossover (Fixed Transfer Section) – A connecting track with an interlock mechanism on
both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one
bridge girder to the other.
18.33 Crosstrack Switch – A track switch containing one straight section of moving track pivoted
in the center which can be rotated to align it with other crossing tracks to allow passage of a
carrier through the junction without changing the direction of the carrier motion.
18.34 Curves – Formed sections of track used to change the horizontal or vertical directions of
carrier travel.
18.35 Disconnecting Means – A device, or group of devices, or other means whereby the
conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply.
18.36 Double Girder Crane – A crane having two bridge girders mounted between and
supported from the end trucks.
18.37 Driving Head – A motor-driven carrier head which is supported from and propelled by the
load bearing wheels.
22
18.38 Drop Section (Lift Section) – A mechanism that will permit a section of track(s) to be lifted
or lowered out of alignment with the stationary track(s).
18.39 Electric Baffles – Conductors wired to cut off electric power to approaching motor-driven
equipment if track switches, drop sections, and other movable devices are not properly set
for passage of equipment.
18.40 Electrically Interlocked – An electrical device that prevents a short circuit when opposite
controls are operated at the same time.
18.41 Electrification – The track mounted conductor system by which the moving equipment
receives its electrical power.
18.42 Enclosed Track – See Track, Enclosed.
18.43 End Stop – A device located at the end of the track or crane bridge to prevent the carrier
from running off the end of the track or crane.
18.44 End Truck – An assembly consisting of the truck frame and wheels that supports the crane
girder(s) and allow movements along the runway.
18.45 Equipment Supplier – The supplier of monorail and/or underhung crane systems under
contract.
18.46 Fixed Cranes – Cranes that are non-mobile. Jib cranes are classified as fixed cranes.
18.47 Fixed Transfer Section - See Crossover.
18.48 Floor Controlled – Motor propelled units that are controlled by an operator on the floor by
means of pushbutton station suspended from the overhead equipment.
18.49 Fork – A pivoting mechanical end stop portion of an interlock.
18.50 Gantry Crane – A traveling crane similar to an overhead crane, except that the bridge for
carrying the hoisting mechanism is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed
rails or other runway.
18.51 Gauge – The center-to-center distance between the load-carrying flanges of the two crane
girders of a double girder crane.
18.52 Guard – A portion of a switch provided to prevent carriers from running off the open ends of
the switch tracks in the event the switch is moved with the carrier on the inner frame of the
switch.
18.53 Hanger Rod – Steel rods that, together with other fittings, are used to suspend the track
from the supporting structure.
18.54 Hoist – A suspended machinery unit that is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended
(unguided) load.
18.55 Holding Brake – A brake that automatically prevents motion when power is off.
18.56 Impact Allowance – Additional hook load assumed to result from the dynamic effect of the
live load.
23
18.57 Interlock Mechanism – A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two
cranes or a crane to a crossover or spur track to permit the transfer of carriers from one
crane or track to the other.
18.58 Interlocking Crane – A crane with an interlock mechanism on one or both ends enabling it
to be mechanically locked to another crane, crossover, or spur track for the purpose of
transferring a carrier from one to another.
18.59 Lift Section – See Drop Section.
18.60 Load – The total weight superimposed on the loadblock, hook, or carrier.
18.61 Load Bar – A load-carrying member between carriers or carrier heads.
18.62 Load Block – The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame
suspended by the hoist rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in
the hoisting rope or load chain.
18.63 Load-Carrying Flange – The lower flange of the track on which the load-bearing wheels roll.
18.64 Lug – A mechanical device fixed to the end truck or carrier (trolley) yoke that will prevent
the crane end truck or carrier from falling in the event of a wheel or axle failure.
18.65 Magnet – An electromagnetic device carried on a hoist hook, used to pick up and carry
loads magnetically.
18.66 Master Switch – A device that controls the operation of contactors and auxiliary devices of
an electric circuit.
18.67 Mechanically Interlocked – A mechanical device that prevents operation of opposite

controls at the same time.
18.68 Monorail – A single run of overhead track on which carriers (trolleys) travel.
18.69 Motor Circuit Switch – A switch, rated in horsepower, capable of interrupting the
maximum operating overload current of a motor of the same horsepower rating as the
switch at the rated voltage.
18.70 Normal Walking Speed – A walking speed assumed to be 150 FPM (46 meters per minute).
18.71 Overhead Traveling Crane – A crane that follows a fixed path on elevated runways.
18.72 Patented Track – See Track, Patented.
18.73 Pulpit Controlled – A unit operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane.
18.74 Pushbutton Station – An electrical control device consisting of pushbutton-operated

contacts in an enclosure used by the operator for control of the powered motions of the
crane, carrier, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment.
18.75 Qualified Person – A person, who by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable

field, or certificate of professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and
experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating
to the subject matter and work.
24
18.76 Radio Controlled – A unit operated from a radio transmitter located at a point not
mechanically attached to the device being controlled.
18.77 Rated Load – The maximum load designated by the manufacturer or qualified person for
which the crane or monorail system is designed and built.
18.78 Remote Controlled – A unit operated from a control station located at a point not
mechanically attached to the device being controlled.
18.79 Residual Magnetism – The magnetic field remaining in a magnet after power has been
removed.
18.80 Rotary Switch – A track switch with a movable inner frame containing straight and/or curve
sections of track. The inner frame can be rotated around a vertical axis to align these
tracks with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another.
18.81 Runway – The track and support system upon which the crane travels.
18.82 Shall – Indicates that the rule is mandatory and must be followed to comply with this
standard.
18.83 Should – Indicates that the rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on
the facts in each situation.
18.84 Simple Beam – A structural member supported and unrestrained at each end and
subjected to loads acting transversely to its longitudinal axis.
18.85 Sliding Switch (Glide Switch) – A track switch with a movable inner frame containing
straight and/or curved sections of track. The inner frame can be moved to align these
sections of track with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another.
18.86 Span – The horizontal distance, center-to-center, of runway tracks.
18.87 Spur Track – A fixed track arranged to interlock with an adjacent crane girder to permit
passage of carriers between the spur track and the crane.
18.88 Squaring Shaft – A driven shaft that transmits torque to drive wheels operating on two or
more tracks.
18.89 Stationary Track – A fixed track attached to the building or supporting structure.
18.90 Stop – A device to limit travel of a carrier (trolley) or crane.
18.91 Structural Supports – Structural members provided for the support of runways or monorail
track and switches.
18.92 Supporting Structure – The structure used for the support of a monorail or crane system.
18.93 Suspension Fittings – Fittings used to attach the track to the supporting structure.
18.94 Tagline – An electrical conductor system employing flexible cables.
25
18.95 Tongue Switch – A switch that contains one straight section of track, pivoted at one end,
which can be rotated to various positions to align with other tracks for routing carriers
(trolleys) from one track to another.
18.96 Track – The structural member upon which the carrier or crane wheels operate.
18.97 Track, Enclosed – A generic term referring to track used as crane girders, crane runways,
and monorails; whose related equipment operates on the internal lower operating or
running flange of such track. The track section is either a rolled and/or fabricated steel
shape; or a rolled or extruded and/or fabricated aluminum shape. All enclosed track
incorporates a lower operating or running flange shape, in relation to track size, having
proprietary shape dimensions dependent upon the individual enclosed track manufacturer.
18.98 Track, Patented – A generic term referring to track used as crane girders, crane runways,
and monorails; whose related equipment operates on the external lower operating or
running flange of such track. The track section is either a high-carbon, high-manganese
rolled steel shape; or a composite fabricated steel section having a high-carbon, high-
manganese rolled steel tee-section lower operating or running flange. All patented track,
regardless of size or depth, incorporates a lower operating or running flange shape, having
proprietary shape dimensions dependent upon the individual patented track manufacturer.
18.99 Track Joint – The point at which two sections of track are joined together.
18.100 Track Opener – A section of track arranged to lift or swing out of the line of the track to
make an opening through which a door may pass.
18.101 Tractor Drive – A motor-driven unit supported from wheels and propelled by drive wheel or
wheels bearing on the underside of the track.
18.102 Trolley – See Carrier.
18.103 Trolley Yoke – A frame on which a pair of load-carrying (trolley) wheel assemblies are
mounted.
18.104 Turntable – A track device with a movable inner frame containing a straight section of track
that can be rotated about its center with a loaded carrier on it to align the section of track
with other tracks for routing of carriers from one track to another.
18.105 Underhung Crane – A traveling crane with a movable bridge running on the lower flanges
of an overhead fixed runway structure and carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism.
18.106 Wall Crane – A traveling crane having a jib with a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism
and operating on a runway attached to the side walls or columns of a building.
26

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MH27.

Specifications for Patented Track Underhung

An Affiliated Trade Association of

© 2009 Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

© 2009 by Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,

Printed in the United States of America.

American National Standard

Specifications for Patented Track

Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. (MMA)

Approved December 2, 2009

Material Handling Industry (MHI), Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc. and

By referring to or otherwise employing this standard, the user agrees to defend,

Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard MH27.1-2009)

Acco Material Handling Solutions

SPECIFICATIONS FOR PATENTED TRACK

Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………...… iii

Section 1 - Scope ………………………………………………………………………… 1

Section 2 - Referenced Specifications and Publishers ……………………………… 1

Section 3 - Duty Service Classification ………………………………………………... 3

Section 4 - General Specifications…… ……………………………………………….. 7

Section 5 - Runway and Monorail Track……………………………………….……… 9

Section 6 - Track Loadings and Design.…………………………………………….…. 10

Section 7 - Suspension Fittings………………………………………………………... 15

Section 8 - Carriers or Trolleys………………………………………………………… 15

Section 9 - Cranes, Transfer Cranes, and Interlocking Cranes…………………… 16

Section 10 - Track Switches…………………………………………………………….. 17

Section 11 - Track Openers …………………………………………………………….. 17

Section 12 - Vertical Drop or Lift Sections……………………………………………... 17

Section 13 - Cab-Controlled Carriers and Cranes (when provided)………………… 18

Section 15 - Electrical Equipment……………..………………………………………... 19

Section 17 - Equipment for Special Applications………………………………………… 20

Section 18 - Glossary …………………………………………………………………… 21

Table 1 - Duty Service Classification ……………………………………………….. 5

Figure 1 - Runway Alignment Tolerance …………………………………………… 12

Figure 2 - Skewing Load ………………………………………...………………….. 13

SPECIFICATIONS FOR PATENTED TRACK

SECTION 2 – Referenced Specifications and Standards

ASME B30.11 Safety Standard for Monorails and Underhung Cranes

ASME B30.16 Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists (Underhung)

ASME B30.20 Safety Standard for Below-the Hook Lifting Devices

ASME HST-1 Performance Standard for Electric Chain Hoists

ASME HST-4 Performance Standard for Overhead Electric Wire Hoists

ASME HST-5 Performance Standard for Air Chain Hoists

ASME HST-6 Performance Standard for Air Wire Rope Hoists

ASME Order Department

ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels

ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electric Code

LRFD Manual of Steel Construction

ASD Manual of Steel Construction

ANSI/AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code-Steel

SECTION 3 – Duty Service Classification

3.2.1 Load Distribution

3.2.2 Operational Time

Duty Service Classification

Operational Time Ratings at K = 0.65

A Powerhouse and utilities, infrequent

B Light machine shop, fabricating service,

RATIO = _SPAN