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    Chapter3 IP Connectivity

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    Bara' Alqam
    This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter3 IP Connectivity

    Uploaded by

    Bara' Alqam
    298 views6 pages
    This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

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    Chapter3; IP Connectivity

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    This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    298 views6 pages

    Chapter3 IP Connectivity

    Uploaded by

    Bara' Alqam
    This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

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    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    Chapter3: IP Connectivity

    3.1 The Forwarding Decision


    - as a Router, I do separate Broadcast Domains
    - when receiving a packet, it stops at the Interface
    - Routing will decide how to Forward/Route the Packet

    - in the matter of:


    - first let’s check the longest match for this prefix
    - then decide which routing protocol should handle this task
    - finally, the desired protocol will submit it’s own “Rules” (Metrics)
    To route the packet

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    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    3.2 Static Route


    - the only method of manually routing a specific packet
    To a specific route
    - the first next-hop can either be the egress interface Port ID
    Or, the next reachable IP Address
    - Available for IPv4 & IPv6
    - can route a host or an entire network

    Static Route Flavors:


    - Default Route: every un-mentioned subnet to be routed here
    , also, can be a default Gateway
    - Floating Static: a hidden back-up plan

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    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    3.3 Open Shortest-Path First (OSPF)


    - Dynamic Routing Protocol
    - administrative Distance = 110
    - Metric = Cost (lesser = Better)
    - Dijkstra algorithm
    - SPF algorithm for route decision
    - Process ID for multiple instances
    - Area ID for Data Base isolation

    - Link-State Advertisements: negotiation between OSPF Routers


    - it contains: LSRequest: provide the missing Information
    LSUpdate: reply for the LSR
    LSAcknowledgement: reply for the LSU

    3
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    - Neighboring Process:

    4
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    - a Neighboring router can be a P2P neighbor


    - in this case no problems
    - or can be connected through a “SWITCH”!!
    - broadcast will happen
    - elections must take place
    - only One router should update the topology (DR)

    - a DR (Designated Router): Highest Router Priority (0-255), Def=128


    Or Highest Router ID

    - Router ID (R.ID): 32-bit Address


    - DR needs BDR (second best of everything)

    5
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

    3.4 The Routing Table

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