MiCOM P540 Series

Current Differential
Relays

MiCOM P540 Series

Current Differential Relays

T&D
Protection & Control
MiCOM P540 Series
Current Differential Relays

Introduction Protection
The MiCOM Current Differential Communications
Relays provide a highly selective • Direct optical fibre links
relaying system that is immune from
changes in the surrounding power • Dual redundant communications
system. Applications to two and options
three terminal lines, cables and • Suitable for interface to
transformer feeders are fully multiplexed systems
supported. The integration of many
functions allows application to a Control
wide range of electrical power • Inhibit differential protection
systems, providing both local and
• Single and three phase multi-shot
remote backup protection.
autoreclose with check
Protection synchronising Figure 1: MiCOM P541

• Differential protection • Circuit breaker control

• Phase current differential • Programmable scheme logic Diagnostics
• CT ratio correction • Programmable allocation of • Power-up diagnostics
optically isolated inputs and relay
• Inrush and steady state • Continuous self monitoring
outputs
charging current compensation
• Multiple settings groups • Test facilities
• Transformer inrush restraint
• Vector compensation Measurements User Friendly Interface
• Stub bus protection • Comprehensive measurement • Liquid crystal display with
values backlight
• 3 zone distance protection
• Instantaneous • Programmable LED indications
• Directional/non-directional
overcurrent • Integrated • Password protection
• Phase overcurrent • Optional secondary cover
Post Fault Analysis
• Standby earth fault Software Support
• Sensitive earth fault • Fault location
• Event and fault records Available in conjunction with
• Wattmetric earth fault MiCOM S1:
• Thermal overload • Disturbance records
• Settings editor
• Direct and permissive Monitoring • Programmable scheme logic
intertripping
• Trip circuit supervision editor
• Overcurrent intertripping
• Breaker state monitoring • Viewing of fault diagnostics and
• Distance intertripping measurements
• Breaker condition monitoring
• Circuit breaker failure • Disturbance recorder viewer
• Broken conductor detection Communications • Menu text editor
• Voltage transformer supervision • A choice of protocols
• Front and rear communication
ports

2
Models Available

ANSI Feature P541 P542 P543 P544

Two and three terminal lines/cables • • • •
Feeders with in-zone transformers • •
Two breaker configurations •
87P Phase segregated current differential • • • •
Direct/permissive intertripping • • • •
Fibre optic signalling channels • • • •
Propagation delay compensation • • • •
Three pole tripping only • •
Single and three pole tripping • •
79 Multi-shot 3 pole autoreclose •
79 Multi-shot single/3 pole autoreclose •
25 Check synchronising •
50/51P Non-directional overcurrent • • • •
50/51N Non-directional earth fault protection • • • •
67/50/51P Directional overcurrent protection • •
67/50/51N Directional earth fault protection • •
67/50/51N Directional sensitive earth fault • •
32N/64N Directional wattmetric earth fault • •
21 Distance protection • •
78 Power swing blocking • •
49 Thermal overload • • • •
Fault locator • •
46BC Broken conductor • • • •
Voltage transformer supervision • •
CB control • • • •
CB monitoring • • •
CB fail • • • •
Trip circuit supervision • • • •
8 optically isolated inputs and 7 relay outputs •
16 optically isolated inputs and 14 relay outputs • • •
Menu configuration • • • •
4 setting groups • • • •

3
Application Figure 2a shows an application of The MiCOM P540 relays can be
two MiCOM P543 Current applied to two terminals lines, and
With the increased usage of long Differential Relays providing a later upgraded to support three
and heavily loaded two and three complete zone of protection for a terminal lines with only a
terminal lines, protection is required long line. The comparison of the configuration setting change.
to cater for the problems associated currents entering and leaving the This is illustrated in Figure 2b.
with multiple infeeds, the effects of protected zone is achieved by
charging currents and high Where a line is fed from a mesh
exchanging information between the
impedance faults. corner or a breaker and a half
two line ends using the protection
switched station, as shown in Figure
The MiCOM P540 series relays communication signalling channels.
2c, the P544 provides separate
provide a complete package of As well as providing a selection of
inputs for each set of line CTs.
protection, including true phase optical fibre interfaces, the P540
When the line isolator is open, the
segregated current differential to series relays are compatible with a
P544 provides differential protection
achieve this. wide range of communication
across the stub zone.
equipment via additional interface
The MiCOM P540 series relays can units. In the event of a failure in the The transformer magnetising inrush
be applied to all applications where protection communications, the restraint and ratio/vector
there is a suitable protection P540 series relays provide backup compensation allows the
communications signalling channel. overcurrent protection. The P543 MiCOM P541 and P542 relays to
and P544 also provide an be applied to transformer feeders,
additional 3-zone distance backup or where the transformer forms part
protection. of the protected zone. This is shown
in Figure 2d.

87 Current differential

67/50/51 Directional overcurrent and earth fault

21 21 Two or three zone distance
Single zone
distance
A B

Single or dual fibre optic communications

P543 P543 P540 P540
850nm
1300nm
1550nm P540

Electrical Multiplexed
P590 P590
interface link
Figure 2b: Upgrade to 3 terminal lines
Figure 2a: Application to 2 terminal lines

Bus A

P542 P541
P544
Figure 2c: Application to 2 breaker configurations
Figure 2d: Application to transformer feeders
Bus B

Figures 2a to 2d

4
Protection Functions
Ia Ib
Differential
Phase current differential current
protection |Idiff|
Ic
The primary protection element of
the P540 series relays is phase
Operate
segregated current differential, Percentage
providing high speed, discriminative bias k2
Percentage
protection on 2 and 3 terminal lines, bias k1
cables and transformer feeders. For Restrain
application to three terminal lines, IS1
the differential protection remains
available in the event of a signalling IS2 Bias current
failure of one channel. For 2 |Ibias|
terminal lines, dual redundant |Idiff| = |Ia + Ib +Ic|
signalling channels allow |Ibias| = 0.5 (|Ia| + |Ib| + |Ic|)
segregation of the protection signals
The relay operates when
for extended dependability.
(1) For Ibias ≤ IS2
The differential protection has a
Idiff > k1 Ibias + IS1
dual slope percentage bias restraint,
(2) For Ibias > IS2
as shown in Figure 3, to ensure Idiff > k2 Ibias – (k2 – k1) IS2 + IS1
stability for through fault conditions.
The initial bias slope ensures
sensitivity to low level faults. As the
fault level rises the bias slope is Figure 3: Biased current differential protection
increased to compensate for the
effects of current transformer
saturation. Steady state and charging Application to
current compensation
When a trip is issued by the Transformer Feeders
differential element, in addition to The P543 and P544 relays ensure
tripping the local breakers, the protection stability when applied to Vector compensation
P540 sends a differential intertrip long lines and cables with high Vector compensation allows the
signal to the remote terminals. levels of capacitive charging P541 and P542 to be applied to
This will ensure tripping of all ends currents. Upon line energisation the feeders with in-zone transformers.
of the protected line. inrush charging currents are filtered Software interposing CTs provide
out. Compensation against steady the required compensation, with the
The relays utilise 56/64 Kbits/s
state charging currents is achieved additional flexibility of catering for
digital communication signalling
by extracting the charging current star and delta CT connections, and
channels for either direct optical
from the measured current before compensation for different earthing
connection between ends, or via a
the differential quantity is arrangements. When used with
multiplexed link. Time alignment of
calculated. delta-star power transformers,
the current vectors ensures
synchronisation of sampled values protection stability of the differential
CT ratio correction
at each line end. elements is maintained by filtering
Where line CT ratios at either end out the zero sequence currents that
of the protected feeder are different, are normally present on the star side
the P540 contains a correction of transformers.
factor to compensate.
Transformer inrush restraint
Second harmonic restraint is used to
stabilise the protection against
magnetising inrush currents.

5
Application to mesh corner
and breaker and a half
switched substations
The MiCOM P544 provides two sets
of CT inputs for applications when
the line is fed from a mesh corner or
breaker and a half switched
substation. This provides a high
degree of stability in the event of P544 P543
through faults and when CTs are not
closely matched.

Stub bus protection

When the line isolator is open, as
Figure 4: Stub bus protection
illustrated in Figure 4, the relay
provides differential protection for
the stub zone. For an internal fault, Typical communication setting change on the existing
the two circuit breakers will be arrangements are shown in relays. The flexibility of the P540
tripped 3 pole. Figure 5. series allows one end of a three
terminal line to be isolated, whilst
P540 uses a novel software
Protection technique to continuously monitor
still providing unit protection with
Communications the remaining two relays.
and measure the propagation delay
of the communications channel Communications supervision
Communication interfacing during the process of obtaining
To ensure compatibility with a wide Each active protection signalling
current vector information from the
range of communication equipment channel is independently monitored,
remote end. This technique assumes
and media the MiCOM P540 series and reports appropriate error
equal channel propagation delay
relays are designed to work with the statistics in line with guidance from
for the data transmit and receive
signalling bandwidth of a basic ITU-T G.821. When applied to
paths.
56/64 kbps pulse code modulation 3-ended systems or dual redundant
Typical direct
(PCM) channel. communication systems protection
Optical budget fibre length
availability is maintained even if
(km)
Several options are available one of the protection communication
including the ability to enable three 850nm multi-mode 1
paths fails.
relays to operate together or two 1300nm multi-mode 30
relays with dual redundancy 1300nm single-mode 60 Channel propagation delay
communications. The options for 1550nm single-mode 80 compensation
fibre optic communications include When applied to switched
Two and three terminal
850nm multi-mode, 1300nm single- communication networks, the P540
configurations
mode, 1300nm multi-mode and compensates for a transient unequal
1550nm single-mode. The P540 series relays can initially
propagation delay by temporarily
Electrical interfaces conforming to be applied to protect two terminal
increasing the bias setting.
ITU-T G.821 recommendations for lines. If the line is upgraded to three
This characteristic provides stability
V.35, G.703 and X.21 are terminals, the unit protection can be
for all load conditions and will still
available via the MiCOM P590 upgraded by introducing the third
allow tripping for most internal
series of interface units. P540 and only a configuration
faults.

P590
Optical fibres Optical fibres Electrical
connections
P540 P540 P540 Multiplexed
PCM link
MUX
Other protection and
(a) Direct link using optical fibres telecommunication
equipment

(b) Multiplexed link – relay connected to a remote PCM multiplexer

using optical fibres and via a P590 interface unit.

Figure 5: Protection signalling arrangements

6
Back-up Protection Sensitive earth fault The three independent zones can be
The P543 and P544 provide configured to provide back-up
The MiCOM P540 series relays protection on adjacent lines.
provides integral back-up protection sensitive earth protection.
to the current differential function. A core balance CT should be used Power swing blocking
Non-directional phase overcurrent to drive the sensitive earth fault
function. The directionality of the The operation of the power swing
and earth fault protection is blocking element is selectable to
available on all models. sensitive earth fault elements is
provided by the residual voltage. block the operation of all distance
The MiCOM P543 and P544 have zones.
VT inputs and thus support Wattmetric
directional overcurrent and distance Thermal overload
protection. All overcurrent and The sensitive earth fault protection is
also suitable for Petersen Coil Thermal characteristics suitable for
distance elements may be cables and transformers are
independently configured to be earthed systems by enabling a
wattmetric element. This form of available providing both alarm and
permanently enabled or enabled trip stages. The thermal element may
during the loss of the protection protection uses the sensitive earth
fault protection directional be set with either a single time
communication signalling. constant characteristic for the
characteristic but with a directional
Phase overcurrent residual power threshold providing protection of cables or dry
an additional constraint on transformers, or a dual time constant
Three phase tripping with faulted characteristic to protect oil filled
phase indication is provided for all operation.
transformers. In the event of loss of
overcurrent protection functions. Distance protection auxiliary supply, the thermal state is
Four independent stages are stored in battery backed memory.
available for each phase The P543 and P544 provide three
overcurrent element. zones of phase to phase and phase Direct and permissive
to earth distance protection. intertripping
Each stage may be selected as non- All distance elements are
directional or directional (forward/ quadrilateral shaped, as illustrated There is an auxiliary signalling
reverse) on the P543 and P544. in Figure 6, allowing the resistive facility whereby direct and
All stages have definite time (DT) reach to be set independently of the permissive intertrip commands are
delayed characteristics. Two of the impedance reach along the sent over the protection
stages may also be independently protected circuit. communication channel.
set to one of nine inverse definite Residual compensation for each User configurable inputs can be
minimum time (IDMT) curves zone is used to ensure accurate assigned for both of the intertripping
(IEC and IEEE). reaches for the earth fault elements. functions. When energised, the
communication message to the
The phase fault directional elements All phase and earth fault elements remote relays is modified.
are internally polarised by are directionalised as follows:
quadrature phase-phase voltages,
and will make a correct directional • Zones 1 and 2 – directional
decision down to 0.5V. forward zones
A synchronous polarising signal is • Zone 3 – directional forward or
maintained for 3.2s after voltage reverse zone
collapse to ensure that the
instantaneous and time delayed
X
overcurrent elements operate
Zone 2
correctly for close-up three phase
faults.

Earth fault
The earth fault protection elements Zone 1
operate from a residual current that
is derived internally from the
summation of the three phase
currents. The directionality of the
earth fault elements is provided by
either residual voltage or negative R
sequence voltage. All earth fault Zone 3
elements have the same
directionality and IDMT
characteristics as for the phase
overcurrent functions. Figure 6: Three zone quadrilateral distance protection

7
Direct intertripping
A typical application of the direct
intertrip facility is shown in Figure 7.
Upon receipt of this message the
remote relays will operate user
specified outputs for direct transfer Transformer
P541 P541
protection
tripping or blocking, and provide
indication of the remote intertrip.
This intertripping channel may also
be used to configure distance Opto
protection aided schemes.

Permissive intertripping
There is an auxiliary signalling Figure 7: Direct intertrip
facility whereby a permissive
intertrip command is sent over the
protection communication channel
as shown in Figure 8.
A user configurable input can be
assigned for this purpose.
When energised, the Busbar
P543 P543
protection
communication message to the
remote relays is modified. Upon
receipt of this message, and
providing one or more phase Opto
currents are above the differential
setting (Is1), the remote relays will
initiate 3 phase tripping, operate
user specified outputs, and provide Figure 8: Permissive intertrip
indication of the remote intertrip.

Overcurrent intertripping Supervisory Functions Control

Upon operation of the third stage of
Circuit breaker failure Inhibit differential protection
the overcurrent protection, it is
protection A user defined opto-input is
possible to configure the P540 to
send an intertrip signal to the Two stage circuit breaker failure available to inhibit the operation of
remote relays. protection may be used for tripping the differential protection. The relays
upstream circuit breakers, and re- at all terminal ends will indicate that
This intertripping command is phase
tripping of the local circuit breaker if the differential protection is out of
segregated and can be used in
required. The circuit breaker failure service.
conjunction with single phase
logic may also be initiated
tripping arrangements. Circuit breaker control
externally from other protection
Distance intertripping devices. The P544 provides Circuit breaker control is available
segregated breaker fail outputs for from the front panel user interface,
All three zones can be
the two circuit breakers being optically isolated inputs and
independently set to send an
monitored. remotely via the substation
intertrip signal to the remote relays.
communications.
This intertripping command is phase Voltage transformer
segregated and can be used in supervision Autoreclose with check
conjunction with single phase synchronising
Voltage transformer supervision is
tripping arrangements.
provided to detect loss of one, two The P542 and P543 provide three
Broken conductor or three VT signals, providing pole multi-shot autoreclose. The user
indication and inhibition of voltage may select a single, two, three or
The broken conductor protection
dependent protection elements. four shot autoreclose cycle, with
detects unbalanced conditions
An opto-input may also be independently settable dead times
caused by broken conductors,
configured to initiate the voltage and reclaim time. More advanced
maloperation of single phase
transformer supervision alarm and features of the P543 include a high
switchgear or single phasing
blocking when used with MCBs or speed single pole autoreclose and a
conditions.
other external forms of voltage multi-shot three pole autoreclose
transformer supervision. with check synchronising.

8
Programmable scheme logic
Programmable scheme logic allows
the user to customise the protection
and control functions. It is also used
to program the functionality of the
optically isolated inputs, relay
outputs and LED indications.
The programmable scheme logic
comprises gate logic and 8 general
purpose timers. The gate logic
includes OR, AND and majority
gate functions, with the ability to
invert the inputs and outputs, and
provide feedback. The system is
optimised to evaluate changes to the
scheme logic signals and minimises
any delays in logic execution. Up to
250 gates are available.
The programmable scheme logic is
configured using the graphical
MiCOM S1 PC based software, as
illustrated in Figure 9. Figure 9: Programmable Scheme Logic Editor (MiCOM S1)

The required logic is drawn as

Power system measurements Phase currents and phase to neutral
shown and is then downloaded
The measurements provided, which voltages are available in true rms
directly into the relay. The logic may
may be viewed in primary or and fundamental quantities.
also be uploaded from the relay
secondary values, can be accessed The P544 displays the summed
and then modified using MiCOM
by the back lit liquid crystal display, currents of the two sets of local CTs.
S1.
or the communications ports. Protection communications
Independent protection Phase notation is user definable measurements
settings groups using the MiCOM S1 text editor.
The P540 series relays record the
The settings are divided into two
Instantaneous appropriate error statistics in line
categories; protection settings, and
with the guidance from ITU-T G.821
control and support settings. Measurements for each active channel.
Four setting groups are provided for
the protection settings to allow for All models Channel propagation delay
different operating conditions and Local and remote phase currents Channel status
adaptive relaying. All settings are
Local and remote neutral currents Number of valid messages
stored in E2PROM.
Phase differential currents Number of errored messages
Measurement and recording Phase bias currents Number of severely errored seconds
facilities Sequence currents Number of degraded minutes
The P540 series relays are capable Frequency
of measuring and storing the values
Thermal state
of a wide range of local and remote
quantities. All event, fault and Models P543/544
disturbance records are time tagged
Phase voltages
to a resolution of 1ms using an
internal real time clock. An optional Line voltages
IRIG-B port is also provided for Single and three phase power factor
accurate time synchronisation. Active power
A lithium battery provides a back-up Reactive power
for the real time clock and all Apparent power
records in the event of supply Check synchronising voltage
failure. This battery is supervised (P543 only)
and easily replaced from the front of
Slip frequency (P543 only)
the relay.

9
Post Fault Analysis Plant Supervision Modbus
Modbus is a master/slave protocol,
Fault location Trip circuit supervision whereby the master must have
A fault location algorithm, available Supervision of the trip circuit in both knowledge of the slave’s databases
on the P543 and P544 provides breaker open and closed states can and addresses. The Modbus
distance to fault in miles, kilometres, be realised using optically isolated implementation supported by the
ohms or percentage of line length. inputs and programmable scheme MiCOM P540 series is RTU mode.
logic.
Event records IEC 60870-5-103
Up to 250 time-tagged event Circuit breaker state The relay is compliant with the
records are stored in battery backed monitoring transmission protocol defined by the
memory, and can be extracted using An alarm will be generated if there specification IEC 60870-5-103.
the communication ports or viewed is a discrepancy between the open
The standarised messages based on
on the front panel display. and closed auxiliary contacts of the
the VDEW communication protocol
circuit breaker.
Fault records are supported.
Records of the last 5 faults are Circuit breaker condition
DNP 3.0
stored in battery backed memory. monitoring
The DNP 3.0 protocol is designed
The circuit breaker condition
The information provided in the fault by the DNP User Group. Information
monitoring features available on the
record includes: about DNP 3.0, including the
P541, P542 and P543 models
protocol specifications can be found
• Indication of faulted phase include:
at the website: www.dnp.org.
• Protection operation • monitoring the number of breaker The relay operates as a DNP 3.0
• Active setting group trip operations slave and supports subset level 2 of
• recording the sum of the broken the protocol, plus selected features
• Fault location
current quantity ∑Ix, 1.0≤ x ≤2.0 from level 3.
• Relay and CB operating time
• monitoring the breaker operating Local auxiliary
• Local currents, voltages and
time communications
frequency
• fault frequency counter The front serial communications port
• Remote currents
has been designed for use with
• Differential currents Local and remote auxiliary
MiCOM S1, which fully supports
communications
• Bias currents functions within the relay by
Two auxiliary communication ports providing the ability to program the
Disturbance records are available; a rear port providing settings off-line, configure the
The internal disturbance recorder remote communications and a programmable scheme logic, extract
has 8 analogue channels, 32 digital front port providing local and view event, disturbance and
and 1 time channel. Data is communications. These are for fault records, view the measurement
sampled 12 times a cycle and remote/local integration and are information dynamically and
typically 20 disturbance records, independent of the protection perform control functions.
each of up to 10.5 seconds signalling communications. PAS&T can also be used with the
duration are stored in battery local communications port.
backed memory. All channels and Remote auxiliary
the trigger source are user communications
configurable. Disturbance records The remote communications are
can be extracted from the relay via based on RS485 voltage levels.
the remote communications and
Any of the following listed protocols
saved in the COMTRADE format.
can be chosen at the time of
These records may be examined ordering.
using MiCOM S1 or any suitable
software program. Courier/K-Bus
The Courier language is a protocol
which has been developed
specifically for the purpose of
developing generic PC programs
that will, without modification,
communicate with any device using
the Courier language.

10
Diagnostics Hardware Description
Automatic tests performed including All models within the MiCOM P540
power-on diagnostics and series relays include:
continuous self-monitoring ensure a
• A back-lit liquid crystal display
high degree of reliability. The results
of the self-test functions are stored in • 12 LEDs
battery backed memory. • Optional IRIG-B port
Test features available on the user
• RS232 port
interface provide examination of
input quantities, states of the digital • RS485 port
inputs and relay outputs. In • Download/monitor port
addition, a protection signalling
• Battery (supervised)
channel loop back test may be
carried out. • N/O and N/C watchdog
A local monitor port providing contacts
digital outputs, selected from a • Supervised +48V field voltage
prescribed list of signals, including
• Fibre optic protection signalling
the status of protection elements,
channels
may be used in conjunction with test
equipment. These test signals can The hardware variations between
also be viewed using the Courier or the MiCOM P540 series relay
Modbus communications ports, and models are:
the front panel user interface.
P541 P542 P543 P544
1A/5A dual rated CTs 4 4 5 9
100 – 120V VTs 0 0 4 3
Optically isolated inputs 8 16 16 16
Relay outputs 3 N/O 6 N/O 6 N/O 6 N/O
4 C/O 8 C/O 8 C/O 8 C/O

N/O = Normally open

C/O = Changeover

The assigned functionality of the

optically isolated inputs, relay
outputs and 8 of the LEDs are
preconfigured as a default, but may
be programmed by the user.
The optically isolated inputs are
independent and may be powered
from the +48V field voltage.
The relay outputs may be configured
as latching or self-reset. All CT
connections have integral shorting.
A system overview of the
MiCOM P543 is shown in
Figure 10.

11
 J11
Relay failed
J12
Watchdog
J13
Relay healthy
J14
+ J7
48V field voltage
C1 J9
C2 kA, kV, Hz
87P 1 4 0 0 kW, kVA, kVArs + J8
C4
kWh, kVArh 48V field voltage
C5 J10
Sequence components
50P 51P 49 + J2
C7 Measurements Thermal state Auxiliary voltage
C8 J1
50N 51N IN > 1 Start ON
C10
250 See note 4
In C11
Event
00:12:00 01/01/99
C14 37P 37N records Trip A B C ON IRIG-B Time synchronisation
00:12:01 01/01/99
C15
79 CTS RS232 Courier
See note 1
In sensitive See note 3 RS485 Courier
BC 50BF 20
Modbus
Disturbance IEC60870-5-103
C19 records LEDs
Diff trip
Back-up trip
C20 67 21 Thermal alarm
Fault A-B-C 15ms
Signalling fail User
5 Any start programmable
C21
67W VTS Fault Ia = 1000 A A/R in progress
reports Ib = 1000 A A/R lockout
Test logic block
Ic = 1000 A
C22

See note 2
52
H1
RL1 Direct intertrip
H2
1 RL2
H3
Signalling fail
& 1 & H4
H5
RL3 Any trip
C23 Programmable scheme logic H6
H7
25 RL4
H8 General alarm
C24 H9 User
No. trips = 100 H10 programmable
D2 Breaker SUM I2 = 1000 kA H11 CB fail timer 1
Setting group See note 2 monitoring RL5
H12
D1 CB opt time = 100 ms
D4 H13
Setting group RL6
H14 Control CB close
D3 H15
D6
Inhibit C diff. H16
D5
RL7
H17 Control CB trip
D8 H18
Reset interlock
D7
User D10 G1
programmable Reset relay/LEDs RL8 G2 Trip A
D9
G3
D12 RL9 Trip B
External trip A G4
D11 G5
D14 RL10
G6
Trip C
External trip B
D13 G7
D16
RL11 G8 A/R in progress User
External trip C G9
D15 programmable
G10
F2 RL12 G11 Successfull close See note 2
CB Aux A (52-B) G12
F1
G13
F4
CB Aux B (52-B) RL13 G14 A/R lockout
F3 G15
F6 G16
CB Aux C (52-B) G17 A/R in service
F5 RL14 G18
User F8
Direct intertrip
programmable F7
See note 2 F10 Tx
Perm. intertrip
F9
F12 Rx
Reset lockout F11
Fibre optic
F14
communication
CB healthy Tx (See Note 5)
F13
F16
Bar Rx
F15

ANSI Numbers

67/50P Instantaneous phase overcurrent 67W Wattmetric

67/51P Time delayed phase overcurrent 67 Directional
37P Phase undercurrent 87P Phase current differential
67/50N Instantaneous neutral overcurrent 21 Distance
67/51N Time delayed neutral overcurrent 50BF Breaker failure and backtrip
37N Neutral undercurrent 25 Check synchronising
49 Thermal overload BC Broken conductor detection
79 Autoreclose VTS Voltage transformer supervision

Note 1: All CT connectors have integral shorting. These contacts are made before the internal CT circuits are disconnected.
Note 2: Additional hardware depending on model selection.
Note 3: 5A CT connections shown, 1A CT connections available on the terminal blocks.
Note 4: The bridge rectifier is not present on the 24 – 48V dc version.
Note 5: Optical connectors are ST type.

Figure 10: MiCOM P543 system overview

(not intended for wiring purposes, refer to external connection diagram 10 P543 01 for connection details)

12
 1
6

7 8

Figure 11: User interface

User Interface (6) An upper cover identifying the The user interface and menu text are
product name. The cover may available in English, French,
The front panel user interface, as be raised to provide access to German and Spanish as standard.
shown in Figure 11, comprises: the product model number, Labels supplied with the device
(1) A 2x16 character back-lit liquid serial number and ratings. allow customised descriptions of the
crystal display. (7) A lower cover concealing the LEDs. A user selectable default
front RS232 port, down load/ display provides measurement
(2) Four fixed function LEDs.
monitor port and battery information, time/date, protection
(3) Eight user programmable LEDs. functions and plant reference
compartment. The front of the
(4) Menu navigation and data entry cover can display the name of information. The ability to customise
keys. the product, or any user defined the menu text and alarm
name. descriptions is also supported.
(5) “READ” and “CLEAR” C
keys for viewing and (8) Facility for fitting a security lead Password protection
acknowledging alarms. seal. Password protection may be
independently applied to the front
user interface, front communications
port and rear communications port.
Two levels of password protection
are available providing access to
the controls and settings
respectively.

13
Protection Setting Ranges Autoreclose
• P542
Current differential
Delayed 3 pole shots
1 to 4
Biased current differential characteristic
Dead time (1,2)
Differential 0.01 to 300s
current
Percentage bias Dead time (3,4)
Idiff 0.01 to 9999s
Operate K2
Reclaim time
1 to 600s
Percentage bias
K1 • P543
Is1 Restrain
High speed single shots
0 to 1
Is2 Bias current (Ibias) Delayed 3 pole shots
1 to 3*
• Phase current differential Independent earth fault settings Single phase dead time
for each zone 0.02 to 5s
Is1 0.2 to 2.0In
Zone ground resistive reach Three phase dead time (1)
Is2 1.0 to 30In 0.2 to 30s
0.1 to 400/In Ω
K1 30 to 150% Three phase dead time (2)
Zone residual compensation
K2 30 to 150% 1 to 1800s
factor 0 to 7.00
Three phase dead time (3,4)
Back-up protection Zone residual compensation 1 to 3600s
• Phase fault angle –90° to +90°
Reclaim time
IDMT/DT stages 0.08 to 4.0In Zone timer 0 to 10s 1 to 600s
DT stages 0.08 to 32In Thermal overload Check synchronising
DT 0 to 100s Thermal alarm 50% to 100% 5° to 90°
Slip frequency
• Standard earth fault • Single time characteristic
0.02 to 1.00Hz
IDMT/DT stages 0.08 to 4.0In –t(k.IFLC)2
eτ = * If 3 pole tripping only, the
DT stages 0.08 to 32In I2 – IP2 number of 3 pole shots can be
DT stages 0 to 200s Where: increased to 4.
• Sensitive earth fault t= time to trip, following
application of the overload
IDMT/DT stages 0.005 to 0.1In
current, I
DT stages 0.005 to 0.8In
τ= heating and cooling time
DT 0 to 200s constant 1 to 200 minutes
• Wattmetric characteristic I = largest phase current
Power threshold (1A) 0 to 20W IFLC = thermal trip setting
Power threshold (5A) 0 to 100W k= 1.05 constant
The IEC and IEEE/ANSI IDMT IP = Steady state load current
curves for the above protection
• Dual time characteristic
settings are shown in Figure 12.
–t –t
• Distance 0.4 e τ1 + 0.6 eτ2
Independent phase fault settings
I2 – (k.IFLC)2
for each zone =
I2 – IP2
Zone reach 0.1 to 250/In Ω
Where:
Zone resistance 0.1 to 200/In Ω
τ1, τ2 = heating and cooling
Zone angle 20° to 85° time constants 1 to 200
Zone timer 0 to 10s minutes
Thermal trip current setting
0.08 – 4 In

14
 IEC/UK curves IEEE/US curves
TMS = 1 TD = 7

1000 100

100
Operating

10
time (s)

Operating
time (s)
10

UK LTI

IEC SI 1
IEEE MI
1
IEEE VI
IEC VI
US CO2

IEC EI US CO8
IEEE EI
0.1 0.1
1 10 100 1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is) Current (Multiples of Is)

TMS 0.025 to 1.2 TD 0.5 to 15

0.14
IEC Standard inverse t = TMS x IEEE Moderately inverse
0.02

()I
Is
-1 t=
TD
x
0.0515
0.02
+ 0.114
7
()
I
Is
-1

13.5
IEC Very inverse t = TMS x IEEE Very inverse
( ) -1
I
Is t=
TD
x
19.61
2
+ 0.491
7
( ) -1
I
Is

80
IEC Extremely inverse t = TMS x IEEE Extremely inverse
2

( )-1I
Is t=
TD
x
28.2
2 + 0.1217
7
( ) -1
I
Is

120 US CO8 Inverse

UK Long time inverse t = TMS x
() I
Is
-1 t=
TD
x
5.95
2 + 0.18
7
( ) -1
I
Is

US CO2 Short time

inverse TD 0.02394
t= x 0.02 + 0.01694
7
()
I
Is
-1

Figure 12: IEC and IEEE/ANSI IDMT curves

15
Technical Data • Nominal current circuit when X/R < 40
Phase and neutral where Vk = knee-point voltage
Accuracies of the current
<0.1Ω at 1A
• Differential operating times transformer for
(typical) <0.02Ω at 5A through fault
Phase current 29ms (min 20ms) Thermal withstand stability (volts),

60Hz operating times as above • AC current inputs Rct = resistance of the

minus 2 – 3ms current transformer
4.0In continuous secondary circuit
• Measurements 30In for 10s (ohms),
Voltage and amperes 100In for 1s RL = lead resistance of a
(local) < 1% single lead from the
• AC voltage inputs
0.2 – 2.0In ±0.5% relay to the current
2Vn continuous transformer (ohms).
0.2 – 2.0Vn ±0.5%
2.6Vn for10s
Amperes (remote) < 5% Earth fault protection
Current transformer Using core balance CT.
Derived values < 5%
requirements
Ratings Vk > 6(N) (In) (Rct + 2RL)
For applications where (maximum
where maximum X/R
Inputs value of through fault current x
ratio =5 and the
primary system X/R ratio) is less
• AC current (In) maximum earth fault
than 120In, and a typical setting of
current = 2 x In
1A/5A dual rated AC RMS IS1 = 20%, then
where
• AC voltage (Vn) For IS2 = 2In; Vk, Rct, RL = (See above)
100 – 120V nominal phase- k1 = 30%, k2 = 100%: N = Max. earth fault
phase
Vk > 95 (In) (Rct +2RL) current/core balance
• Rated frequency 50/60Hz CT rated primary
For IS2 = 2In;
Operative range current
k1 = 30%, k2 = 150%:
45 – 55Hz at 50Hz Note: N should not be greater than
Vk > 65 (In) (Rct + 2RL)
2. The core balance CT must
55 – 65Hz at 60Hz when X/R < 40
be selected accordingly.
• Auxiliary voltage (Vx) and
Digital inputs
Nominal Operative range Vk > 75 (In) (Rct +2RL)
(V) (V) when X/R < 70 Optically-isolated inputs may be
energised from the supervised 48V
dc dc ac For applications where (maximum
field voltage provided or an
value of through fault current x
24 – 48 19 to 65 – external battery.
primary system X/R ratio) is less
48 – 110 37 to 150 24 to 110 than 350In, and a typical setting of Operating voltage >30V dc
IS1 = 20%, then Max. input voltage 60V dc
110 – 250 87 to 300 80 to 265
For IS2 = 2In; AC immunity 50V rms
Outputs k1 = 30%, k2 = 100%: Contacts
• Field voltage supply Vk > 180 (In) (Rct +2RL) • Contact ratings:
48V DC (current limit: >100mA)
For IS2 = 2In; Make: 30A and carry for 3s
Burdens k1 = 30%,; k2 = 150%: Carry: 5A continuous
• DC auxiliary voltage Vk > 85 (In) (Rct + 2RL)
12W typical Break: dc 50W resistive
when X/R < 40 25W inductive
• AC auxiliary voltage For applications where (maximum (L/R = 40ms)
12W typical value of through fault current x ac 1250VA resistive
• Optically isolated inputs primary system X/R ratio) is less
than 700In, and a typical setting of ac 1250VA inductive
0.24W per input at 48V
IS1 = 20%, then (P.F. = 0.5)
• Nominal voltage circuit
For IS2 = 2In; Subject to maxima of 5A and
< 0.02VA at 110V 300V
k1 = 30%,; k2 = 150%:
Vk > 103 (In) (Rct + 2RL)

16
• Watchdog contact ratings • Cable length 15m max Three positive and three negative
dc 30W resistive • Connector RS232 DTE impulses of 5kV peak, 1.2/50µs,
9 pin D-type female 0.5J between all terminals and all
dc 15W inductive terminals and case earth.
(L/R = 40ms) • Protocol Courier
• Isolation ELV Electrical environment
ac 375VA inductive
(P.F. = 0.7) • Local access • DC supply interruption
• Durability IEC 60255-11 : 1979
IRIG-B Port
Loaded contact The unit will withstand a 20ms
• Carrier signal
10,000 operations minimum interruption in the auxiliary
Amplitude modulated
supply, in its quiescent state,
Unloaded contact • Cable type without de-energising.
100,000 operations minimum 50 ohm coaxial cable
• AC ripple on dc supply
Protection signalling channels • Connection BNC
IEC 60255-11 : 1979
Connection Point to point • Isolation SELV
The unit will withstand a 12% ac
Connector BFOC 2.5 (ST) Internal battery ripple on the dc supply.
Battery type: 1/ AA,
2 3.6V • AC voltage dips and short
Communication options:
interruptions
Wavelength Number of Download/monitor port
Fibre IEC 61000-4-11: 1994
channels This is a 25 pin D-type female
20ms interruptions/dips.
850nm 2 Multi-mode connector located on the front user
interface and is specifically • High frequency disturbance
1300nm 1 Multi-mode
designed for test purposes and IEC 60255-22-1: 1988 Class III
1300nm 2 Multi-mode software download.
At 1MHz, for 2s with 200Ω
1300nm 1 Single mode
• Isolation ELV source impedance:
1300nm 2 Single mode
• Local access 2.5kV peak between independent
1550nm 1 Single mode circuits and independent circuits
High voltage withstand
1550nm 2 Single mode and case earth.
This is not applicable to the RS232
1.0kV peak across terminals of
Rear communications port and down load/monitor ports.
the same circuit.
• Connection • Dielectric withstand
This is not applicable to the
Multidrop (32 units) IEC 60255-5: 1977 RS232 and down load/monitor
• Cable type 2kV rms for 1 minute between all ports.
Screened twisted pair case terminals connected together • Fast transient disturbance
and the case earth.
• Cable length 1000m max IEC 60255-22-4 : 1992 Class IV
2kV rms for 1 minute between all
• Connector Screw terminals 4kV, 2.5kHz applied directly to
terminals of independent circuits
auxiliary supply
• Signal levels RS485 with terminals on each
independent circuit connected 4kV, 2.5kHz applied to all inputs.
• Isolation SELV
together. This is not applicable to the
• Remote access
ANSI/IEEE C37.90-1989 RS232 and down load/monitor
Protocols supported (r1994) ports.
• Courier 1kV rms for 1 minute across the • Surge withstand capability
• Modbus open contacts of the watchdog IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1 (1989)
relays.
• IEC 60870-5-103 4kV fast transient and 2.5kV
1kV rms for 1 minute across open oscillatory applied directly across
Note: An interface to an optical
contacts of change over output each output contact, opto input
fibre, type 850nm, BFOC
relays. and power supply circuit.
2.5 (ST) connector is
available for 1.5kV rms for 1 minute across • Radiated immunity
IEC 60870-5-103. open contacts of normally open
C37.90.2 - 1995
output relays.
• DNP 3.0 25MHz - 1000MHz, zero and
• High voltage impulse
Front communications port 100% square wave modulated.
IEC 60255-5: 1977 Field strength of 35V/m.
• Connection Point to point
• Cable type Multi-core

17
• Electrostatic discharge Atmospheric environment Additional information
IEC 60255-22-2 : 1996 Class 4 • Temperature MiCOM P540 Series
15kV discharge in air to user IEC 60255-6:1988
Operation Guide OG8613
interface, display and exposed Operating
metal work. Technical Guide TG8613
–25°C to +55°C
IEC 60255-22-2 : 1996 Class 3 Storage and transit Courier
8kV discharge in air to all –25°C to +70°C Communications R4113
communication ports. 6kV point IEC 60068-2-1: 1990/A2:1994 MiCOM S1
contact discharge to any part of Cold User Manual R8610A
the front of the product.
IEC 60068-2-2: 1974/A2:1994 MiCOM P590 Series
• Surge immunity Dry heat Interface Units R6627
IEC 61000-4-5: 1995 Level 4 • Humidity Midos Parts Catalogue
4kV peak, 1.2/50µs between all IEC 60068-2-3: 1969 and Assembly
groups and case earth. Instructions R7012
56 days at 93% RH and +40°C
2kV peak, 1.2/50µs between PAS&T R8514
terminals of each group. • Enclosure protection

This is not applicable to the IEC 60529 : 1989

RS232 and down load/monitor IP52 Protection (front panel)
ports. against dust and dripping water
• EMC compliance at 15° to the vertical.

89/336/EEC Mechanical environment

• Vibration
Compliance to the European
Commission Directive on EMC is IEC 60255-21-1 : 1996
claimed via the Technical Response Class 2
Construction File route.
Endurance Class 2
Generic Standards were used to
• Shock and bump
establish conformity:
IEC 60255-21-2 : 1995
EN50081-2: 1994
Shock response Class 2
EN50082-2: 1995
Shock withstand Class 1
• Product safety
Bump Class 1
73/23/EEC
• Seismic
Compliance with European IEC 60255-21-3 : 1995 Class 2
Commission Low Voltage
Directive. Cases
Compliance is demonstrated by P541 MiCOM 40TE
reference to generic safety
P542, P543 & P544 MiCOM 60TE
standards:
• Weight
EN61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995
P541 6.8 kg
EN60950: 1992/A11: 1997
P542 8.3 kg
P543 9.4 kg
P544 11.5 kg

18
Case
23.30 155.40 8 off holes Dia. 3.4
The MiCOM relays are housed in a
specially designed case providing a A B BA
Sealing strip
high density of functionality within 177.0
159.00 168.00 (4U)
the product, a customisable user
AB BA
interface, and additional functions/
10.35 181.30 483 (19” rack)
information concealed by upper and 202.00
lower covers. Physical protection of Flush mounting panel
A = Clearance holes
the front panel user interface and B = Mounting holes
Panel cut-out detail
prevention of casual access is
provided by an optional transparent 200.00 Note: If mounting plate
front cover, which can be fitted or is required use flush
mounting cut out dimensions
omitted according to choice since
the front panel has been designed All dimensions in mm
to IP52 protection against dust and
water. The case is suitable for either
rack or panel mounting as shown in Secondary cover (when fitted)
Figures 13 and 14. 240.00
Front view
Incl. wiring

177.00 157.5 max

Side view
206.00 30.00

Figure 13: Case sizes P541 (40TE)

116.55 142.45 Sealing

23.25 12 off holes Dia. 3.4 strip
AB A B BA
168.00

177.0
159.00 (4U)

AB B A BA

10.30 155.40 129.50

483 (19” rack)
305.50
A = Clearance holes
B = Mounting holes
303.50

All dimensions in mm

Secondary cover (when fitted)

240.00
Front view Incl. wiring

177.00 157.5 max

Side view
309.60 30.00

Figure 14: Case sizes P542, P543 and P544 (60TE)

19
MiCOM P540 Series Thermal protection with single and The vendor shall be able to provide
dual time constant characteristics software support for local and
Relays Specification
suitable for cables and transformers remote programming, and
A current differential relay shall be shall be provided. The thermal state extraction of records from the
suitable for two and three ended shall be stored in battery backed device.
lines, cables and transformer memory.
A comprehensive range of
feeders. For application to three
Programming of the device shall be instantaneous and integrated
terminal lines, the differential
possible using a front panel user measurement values shall be
protection shall remain available in
interface, local and remote available for viewing on the user
the event of a signalling failure of
communications ports. interface and the communications
one channel.
A configuration feature shall be ports. The relay shall also make
The relay shall compensate for provided to enable selection of available the values of the remote
unequal primary current transformer required functions. This shall allow phase and neutral currents, and
ratios to ensure correct operation of menu customisation, removing provide error statistics in line with
the differential elements. unwanted functions and setting guidance from ITU-T G.821.
groups from the settings displays.
For application to long lines or
The front panel user interface shall
cables, the differential elements shall
provide independent keys for the
compensate for inrush and steady
viewing and acknowledgement of
state charging currents.
alarms. This shall be complemented
For application to transformer by a graphical PC based software
feeders, the relay shall provide the program.
appropriate compensation for
Fixed and programmable scheme
transformer inrush conditions, and
logic shall be provided.
support different power transformer
Programmable scheme logic for
configurations and earthing
configuring custom logic schemes
arrangements.
shall be uploadable from relay to
The protection signalling channel PC, and from PC to relay. The relay
shall work with the signalling shall store factory default protection
bandwidth of a basic 56/64 kbps and scheme logic settings for
pulse code modulation (PCM) restoration or upload to a PC.
channel. Electrical interfaces
Time-tagged event, fault and
conforming to ITU-T G.821
disturbance records shall be stored
recommendations may also be
in battery backed memory.
provided for interfacing to
The internal disturbance recorder
multiplexed systems.
shall have a capacity to store 20
The relay shall provide integral records, each record shall store
backup protection to the differential sampled data from 8 analogue and
functions and the power system. 32 digital channels over a period of
Three zones of phase to phase and 10 seconds.
phase to earth distance protection,
with power swing blocking shall be
provided.
Four stages of directional phase
overcurrent and earth fault
protection shall be provided, with a
selection of nine IDMT
characteristics for two of the stages.
An additional CT shall be provided
for sensitive earth fault protection.

20
Information Required with Order

Relay type MiCOM P 5 4 1

Current Differential Protection

Version (Note 1)
Standard version 1
With 3 pole autoreclose 2
With distance backup, 1/3 pole autoreclose
and check synchronising 3
With distance backup, suitable for
2 breaker configurations 4

Vx Aux Rating
24 – 48V dc 1
48 – 110V dc (30 – 110V ac) 2
110 – 250V dc (100 – 240V ac) 3

Hardware Options
Standard version 1
IRIG-B input 2
Fibre optic converter (IEC 60870-5-103) 3
IRIG-B input and fibre optic converter (IEC 60870-5-103) 4

Protection communications (Note 2)

850nm dual channel A
1300nm SM single channel B
1300nm SM dual channel C
1300nm MM single channel D
1300nm MM dual channel E
1550nm SM single channel F
1550nm SM dual channel G

Protocol options
K-Bus 1
Modbus 2
IEC60870-5-103 (VDEW) 3
DNP 3.0 4

Note 1: The P541 can be used with the P542, and the P543 can be used with the P544.
The P541/P542 cannot be used with the P543/P544.
Note 2: Details of other combinations of Protection Communications are available on request.

21
Accessories Please quote on order

The P590 interface devices for electrical interfaces Refer to Pub. R6627

Rack frame, (in accordance with IEC 60297). FX0021 001

Case to rack sealing gaskets are available to improve the overall IP

rating of the panel, (10 per order). GN2044 001

M4 90° pre-insulated ring terminals:

Blue – Wire size 1.04 - 2.63mm2 (100 per order). ZB9124 900
Red – Wire size 0.25 - 1.65mm2 (100 per order). ZB9124 901

Secondary cover: P541 Size 40TE GN0037 001

P542, P543, P544 Size 60TE GN0038 001

Blanking plates: Size 10TE GJ2028 002

Size 20TE GJ2028 004
Size 30TE GJ2028 006
Size 40TE GJ2028 008

Push-on tab: 4.8 x 0.8mm converter for 18 way medium duty terminal block (20 per order) ZA0005 104

Px40 – Monitor/Download port test box ZG1094 001

2 metre long, 3-wire serial communications cable kit for use with:
PC to KITZ or ZA0012001
PC to MiCOM relay via front port

22
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Business contact addresses

PCB Head Office Germany Australia and Pacific Islands

and Eastern Europe ALSTOM AUSTRALIA Ltd
ALSTOM T&D P&C Protection & Control Division
3 Parc des Grillons Germany and Switzerland PO Box 22, 25 Princes Road,
60 Route de Sartrouville Russian Speaking Countries Regents Park, NSW 2143, Sydney
B.P. 58. 78230 Le Pecq Cedex ALSTOM ENERGIETECHNIK GmbH AUSTRALIA
FRANCE Bereich Schutz- und Tel: +61 29 645 0777
Tel: +33 (0)1 34 80 79 00 Schaltanlagenleittechnik Fax: +61 29 743 8488
Fax: +33 (0)1 34 80 79 13 Lyoner Straße 44-48 [email protected]
[email protected] D 60528 Frankfurt/Main
GERMANY
Tel: +49 69 66 32 33 33
Fax: +49 69 66 32 25 48
[email protected] North and South America

Western Europe South East Europe USA and Panama

and Africa ALSTOM AUSTRIA AG ALSTOM USA INC
Hietzinger Kai 169 Protection & Control Division
United Kingdom and Northern Europe A1130-Vienna 4 Skyline Drive - Station M
ALSTOM T&D P&C Ltd AUSTRIA Hawthorne
St Leonards Works Tel: +43 1 87893 726 New York 10532-2160
Stafford. ST17 4LX Fax: +43 1 87893 750 USA
UNITED KINGDOM [email protected] Tel: +1 914 347 5166
Tel: +44 (0)1785 223251 Fax: +1 914 347 5508
Fax: +44 (0)1785 212232 Central Europe [email protected]
[email protected] ALSTOM T&D P&C SA
uI. Strzegomska 23/27 Canada
58-160 Swiebodzice ALSTOM CANADA INC
France, Belgium and Luxembourg POLAND 5112 Timberlea Boulevard
ALSTOM T&D P&C SA Tel: +48 748 54 84 10 Mississauga, Toronto
Avenue de Figuières Fax: +48 748 54 85 48 Ontario L4W 2S5
34975 Lattes Cedex [email protected] CANADA
FRANCE Tel: +1 800 263 0646
Tel: +33 (0)4 67 20 54 54 Fax: +1 905 624 8855/8466
Fax: +33 (0)4 67 20 54 99 Middle East Asia [email protected]
[email protected] and Pacific
Mexico
Middle East Asia ALSTOM T&D SA DE CV
Italy ALSTOM T&D P&C Ltd Alce Blanco 13-A
ALSTOM FIR S.p.A 12th Floor, Crescent Tower Naucalpan de Juarez
Viale Giulio Cesare, 29 Buhaira Corniche CP 53370 Mexico City
24124 -Bergamo PO Box 25448, Sharjah MEXICO
ITALY UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Tel: +52 5 358 27 22
Tel: +39 035 5791611 Tel: +971 6 556 3971 Fax: +52 5 358 83 93
Fax: +39 035 5791662 Fax: +971 6 556 1082 [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
Caribbean, Central and South America
India and South Asia ALSTOM INTERNATIONAL (PERU)
Spain and Portugal ALSTOM INDIA Ltd Edificio Las Naciones
ALSTOM T&D, S.A Protection & Control Division Avenida Central 643 - Piso 1
Paseo de la Castellana, 257 19/1 GST Road, Pallavaram Works San Isidro
28046 Madrid Chennai (Madras) 600 043 Lima 27
SPAIN INDIA Tel: +51 1 221 7954/1208
Tel: +34 91 334 59 43 Tel: +91 44 236 8621 Fax: +51 1 221 1209
Fax: +34 91 334 59 42 Fax: +91 44 236 7276 [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]

South East Asia Brazil

ALSTOM T&D P&C Ltd ALSTOM T&D Ltd
Mediterranean and Africa 31 Kaki Bukit Road 3 Protecção e Control
#07-03, Techlink Avenida Interlagos 4211
ALSTOM T&D P&C SA
Singapore 417818 CEP-04661-300 São Paulo
Avenue de Figuières
SINGAPORE São Paulo
34975 Lattes Cedex
Tel: +65 843 3130 BRAZIL
FRANCE
Fax: +65 846 1796 Tel: +55 11 5524 1044
Tel: +33 (0)4 67 20 54 54
[email protected] Fax: +55 11 5548 3429
Fax: +33 (0)4 67 20 54 99
[email protected]
[email protected] China and North East Asia
ALSTOM T&D P&C South America
Room 910-912, 9th Floor ALSTOM ARGENTINA SA
New Kowloon Plaza Protección y Control
38 Tai Kok Tsui Road Av. Leandro N. Alem 896 - Piso 5
Kowloon, Hong Kong 1001 Buenos Aires
CHINA ARGENTINA
Tel: +852 2833 6265 Tel: +54 11 4891 9600/9666
Fax: +852 2834 5279 Fax: +54 11 4311 1040
[email protected] [email protected]

23
TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Protection & Control, HQ, 60 Route de Sartrouville, BP58, 78230 Le Pecq Cedex, France
Tel: +33 (0) 134 80 79 00 Fax: +33 (0) 134 80 79 13 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.alstom.com

©2000 ALSTOM. ALSTOM, the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM.
Other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies.

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure should
only be regarded as a guide and is intended for information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer for sale or advice on the application of any product referred to in it.
We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.

Publication R6613C 110030 CPS Printed in England.