PTAR BELLO

05M-TBEQ-14-001
(5‐10005 TGBND 6000)

Tanques de gas. Depositos de biogás. Memoria de

cálculo.

REV. FECHA ELABORA REVISA APRUEBA

B.1 11/06/2014 I.J A.G A.G.V
C.1 29/09/2014 I.J A.G A.G.V
C.2 22/12/2014 I.J A.G A.G.V

Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de BELLO

 Felguera IHI, S.A. Planta de Tratamiento de Eisenbau Heilbronn GmbH
Jacinto Benavente 4 Aquas Brüggemannstr. 39-43
E-28230 LAS ROZAS, MADRID Residuales Bello 74076 Heilbronn
CO- Bello / Kolumbien

WWTP Bello
5-10005 TGBND 6000

Gasholder
Max. working pressure 50mbar
Version 3 – 30.09.2014

U:\tb\statik\5-10005 Bello Kolumbien TGBND 6000\5-10005 Bello Kolumbien TGBND 6000 Statik Behälter+Scheibe - V3.docx
 Seite 2/60

Index of contents
1. Specification - Eisenbau Heilbronn – Low pressure gasholder ................................................... 4
2. Civil engineering basics / Technical Building Regulations ........................................................... 8
3. Load assumption & bearing......................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Bearing................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Loads through cohesive arching .......................................................................................... 9
3.3 Wind loads ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Earthquake load ................................................................................................................ 11
4. Used steel grade & allowable tensions ..................................................................................... 13
5. Proof of stability - proof against tilting ..................................................................................... 14
5.1 Gasholder without ballast ................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Proof of stability - loading case 1 – gasholder empty ....................................................... 17
5.3 Proof of stability - loading case 1 – gasholder under working pressure ........................... 17
5.4 Lifting forces ...................................................................................................................... 18
6. Calculation of gasholder ............................................................................................................ 19
6.1 Description loads on gasholder ......................................................................................... 19
6.2 Load Cases ......................................................................................................................... 22
6.3 Mesh Description .............................................................................................................. 23
6.4 Load Case 1 – Death Load ................................................................................................. 24
6.5 Load Case 2 – Death load + Live load ................................................................................ 27
6.6 Load Case 3 – Death load + Live load + seismic lateral load ............................................. 30
6.7 Load Case 4 – Death load + seismic lateral load................................................................ 33
6.8 Load case cohesive arching + wind load on shell surface + wind suction at roof + gas
pressure ........................................................................................................................................ 36
6.9 Load case overpressure ..................................................................................................... 39
7. Gasholder openings ................................................................................................................... 42
7.1 Gasholder openings in gas room ....................................................................................... 42
7.2 Loads of gasholder opening in gas room ........................................................................... 43
7.3 Proof of screws at shell manhole door.............................................................................. 44
7.4 Proof of screws of shell manhole DN 800 ......................................................................... 44
7.5 Stress curve complete system door .................................................................................. 45
7.6 Stress curve door frame .................................................................................................... 46
7.7 Gasholder opening in air room.......................................................................................... 47
 Seite 3/60

8. Staircase .................................................................................................................................... 48
8.1 Explanation ........................................................................................................................ 48
8.2 Load conditions according to EN ISO 14122-3:2001 ......................................................... 49
8.3 Staircase complete (only bearing surfaces)....................................................................... 49
8.4 Staircase segment at gasholder......................................................................................... 50
8.5 Buckling of platform struts according to Euler .................................................................. 51
9. Ballast disc ................................................................................................................................. 52
9.1 Starting position ................................................................................................................ 52
9.2 Load and bearing ............................................................................................................... 53
9.3 Calculation of disc with 50mbar – stress curve ................................................................. 55
9.4 Calculation of disc with 50mbar – distortion .................................................................... 56
10. Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 57
11. Appendix................................................................................................................................ 58
11.1 Overview drawing 510005/40 ....................................................................................... 58
 Seite 4/60

1. Specification - Eisenbau Heilbronn – Low pressure gasholder

Application:
Low pressure gasholder for rationing of biogas.

Function of gas storing in membrane gasholders

The housing of the biogas holder consists of welded cylindrical steel plate housing, a steel
plate bottom and cone-type root. At half height of the cylindrical shell a door with a half
pace is located.
The roof surface is secured by a framed handrail. The roof nozzle is designed as a ventilation
opening where repressed
air during the filling cycle
can escape. Furthermore
blow-off valves of the
mechanical overfill protection
as well as the telescopic
guiding system is accessible
on the roof.
To separate the gasholder
in a gas- and an air room a
steel flange at half height
of the cylindrical shell is
installed where a flexible
diaphragm out of biogas
resistant neoprene coated
material is chucked.
The diaphragm is carried
out as truncated cone
cladding whose second
top surfaces are shuttered
by a steel plate disk. At
this point a gas tight fixing
by a flange is installed.
The storage of biogas is
realized by volume
changes by up and down
movement of telescopic
guided ballast disc.
 Seite 5/60

Design:
Biogas holder is carried out according to DVGW G430 and G431 as low pressure gasholder.

The low pressure gasholder consists of a cylindrical founded shell, with cone-type root and a
movable disc with a roller bearings mounted telescopic guiding system. Inside at half height
of the cylindrical shell a flange fixing for a flexible diaphragm is installed. With this ring the
shell will also be stiffened. The lower part of the gasholder is called gas room and is loaded
with the working pressure of the gasholder. The upper part is pressure less and serves as
protective housing. The diaphragm consists of high quality, density tested, flame retardant
and highly tear-resistant synthetic rubber reinforcement.
 Seite 6/60

The gasholder’s roof is welded out of 5 mm steel plates and is reinforce with 42 chevrons
with dimensions of 180 x 15 mm.

For the formation of the adjustable gas room a stiffened ballast disc with flange fixing for the
diaphragm is installed. To create the required working pressure on this disc ballast weights
are fitted. The statically dimensioning of the disc takes place separately.

The design pressure of the gasholder will be 50mbar.

 Seite 7/60

plate thickness und cross section dimension

bottom 5mm
shell 6mm
roof 5mm
Stiffening cross section at roof Fl 180 x 15mm (42 pcs.)
Top Ring on roof U220
cross section of diaphragm flange T80 x 9

Safety parts:
 hydraulic over pressure protection und escape pipe
(blow of pressure = working pressure + 10mbar)
 mechanical overfill protection and escape pipe
 vacuum protection
 Seite 8/60

2. Civil engineering basics / Technical Building Regulations

DIN 18800-1 Steel structures - Part 1: Design and construction

Steel structure - Part 4: Stability - Analysis of safety against

DIN 18800-4
buckling of shells

Above-ground Cylindrical Flat-bottomed Tank Installations of

DIN 4119-1
Metallic Materials; Fundamentals, Design, Tests

Above-ground cylindrical flat-bottom tank structures of

DIN 4119-2
metallic materials; Calculation

Guidelines for the erection and operation of low-pressure gas

DVGW G430
containers

DVGW G431 Guidelines for the manufacture of low pressure gas containers

National Annex - Nationally determined parameters -

DIN EN 1991-1-4
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 4: Silos and tanks

Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 4-1: Silos;

DIN EN 1993-4-1
German version EN 1993-4-1:2007 + AC:2009

Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to

EN ISO 14122-3:2001 machinery - Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails -
Amendment 1

ANSI-ASC A14.2-2008 American National Standard for Ladders

NSR 10 Colombia Earthquake loads

International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering (Mario Paz) – Chapter 12 Colombia

 Seite 9/60

3. Load assumption & bearing

3.1 Bearing
The gasholder is erected as on site welded construction and stands on a concrete
foundation. An additional anchoring is not intended.

3.2 Loads through cohesive arching

To consider the loads through cohesive arching the statical model will be load with gravity
acceleration of 9,81m/s². To examine the impact of in the model missing telescopic guiding
system the roof center will be load with a centric force which correlates with the weight of
the telescopic guiding system.
The cohesive arching of the tubular membrane guide will be considered as a circular force on
the perimeter of the upper shell.

weights & forces

Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 9,81 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 4.530 kg 45,3 kN as centric force

Membrane guide 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 1,69kN/m as perimetric load

 Seite 10/60

3.3 Wind loads

Determination of wind loads will be calculated with design wind speed of 120km/h.

Wind forces - simplified approach according to DIN 1055-4

Design wind speed 120 km/h

wind pressure 0,69kN/m² Bello

In the calculation the gasholder will be loaded with a wind load of 0,69kN/m².
The distribution is calculated according to DIN 1993-4-1 with following formular:

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

With a diameter of
25,4m and a shell
height of 14 m the
following distribution is
results.
 Seite 11/60

3.4 Earthquake load

 Seismic zone: Medellin/Bello – Zone Intermediate
 Seismic risk level:
(zone 3)
(zone 4)

 Importance Coefficient I
I=1,5

 Maximum horizontal acceleration

0,9
Design Acceleration Spectra
0,8

0,7

0,6
Acceleration [g]

0,5

0,4
Acceler…
0,3

0,2

0,1

0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
Time T[s]
 Seite 12/60

 Horizontal design base shear

 Seite 13/60

4. Used steel grade & allowable tensions

steel grade yield strength modulus of elasticity

fy,k E
S 235 235N/mm² 210.000N/mm²

allowable tensions for St 37-2

Steel grade: St 37-2
permitted stresses
𝑎𝑤 𝑓𝑦 𝑘 7 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 𝑁
𝜎𝑤 𝑅 𝑑
𝛾𝑀 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑀 7 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆 𝐽𝑅
𝛾𝑀 for welded construction

The allowable tensions for the used structural steel St 37-2 in the welded state
concerning the required safety factor is 110N/mm².
 Seite 14/60

5. Proof of stability - proof against tilting

The proof shows, that stability moment is greater as sum of tilting moment out of
shell pressure and gravity head.

MWS

Ø25,4m

14m
MW

GB

Wind forces - simplified approach according DIN 1055-4

wind pressure 0,69 kN/m² Bello / Colombia

shell surface 355,6m² Ø25,4m x 14m

roof surface 507m² Ø25,4m

Tilting moment MK 6.161 kNm MK = MW + MWS

Wind pressure moment MW 1.718 kNm 355,6m³ x 0,69 kN/m² x 7m

gravity head moment at roof
4.443 kNm 507m² x 0,69 kN/m² x 12,7m
MWS
 Seite 15/60

dimensions & loads

Gas pressure 20 mbar 20 mbar = 20 kg/m² = 2.000 N/m²

disc surface 406m² Ø22,75m

cohesive arching holder 118.430 kg sum shell + accessories

Gasholder shell 110.000 kg source: CAD model

accessories at holder
8.430 kg source: part list
(Telescope guiding etc.)

sum disc weight 81.200 kg cohesive arching + ballast

cohesive arching disc 27.800 kg source: CAD model

ballast on disc 53.400 kg for 20mbar

During proof of stability only the real gas pressure can be considered and not the design
pressure because ballast weights are only brought in for real gas pressure.
The smaller accessories like stairs, hand rails and overpressure- and as well as overfill
protection are not considered in the weight table.
 Seite 16/60

5.1 Gasholder without ballast

loading case – gasholder without ballast

gasholder weight 118.430 kg sum shell + accessories

disc weight 27.800 kg cohesive arching

sum weights 146.230 kg 146.230 kg = 1.460,23 kN

stability moment MS 18.545 kNm 1.460,23 kN x 12,7m

tilting moment MK 6.161 kNm sum MW + MWS

The Stability moment from the gasholder without ballast is 3 times of the tilting moment.
The sufficient stability is given.
 Seite 17/60

5.2 Proof of stability - loading case 1 – gasholder empty

The disc bears on gasholder bottom. The counter weight to wind loads is the sum out of
gasholder weight and the loaded disc.
loading case 1 – gasholder empty
gasholder weight 118.430 kg sum shell + accessories

disc weight 81.200 kg cohesive arching + ballast

sum weights 199.630 kg 199.630 kg = 1.996 kN

stability moment MS 25.350 kNm 1.996 kN x 12,7m

tilting moment MK 6.161 kNm sum MW + MWS

5.3 Proof of stability - loading case 1 – gasholder under working pressure

The disc floats on the gas blanket inside the holder. The counter weight to wind forces is the
sum out of gasholder weight and gas pressure to the disc’s surface.
loading case 1 – gasholder under working pressure
gasholder weight 118.430 kg sum shell + accessories

disc surface 406m² Ø22,75m

Gas pressure 20 mbar 20 mbar = 200 kg/m² = 2.000 N/m²

stability moment MS 25.350 kNm (2 kN/m² x 406m² + 1.184N) x 12,7m

tilting moment MK 6.161 kNm sum MW + MWS

Stability moment is in every operating state the 4 times of the tilting moment. Thus a
sufficient stability is given.
 Seite 18/60

5.4 Lifting forces

The gasholder has a hydraulic over pressure protection. The hydraulic over pressure
protection triggers from a pressure of 10mbars above working pressure. In case of over
pressure the ballast disc is situated in highest position and the diaphragm is stretched. The
over pressure knit on the disc and creates drag force in the diaphragm, which affects the
membrane fixing.
The disc has a diameter of 22,75m.

Over pressure
10 mbar = 100 kg/m² = 1.000 N/m²

Disc surface
( 7 )

Drag force diaphragm

Cohesive arching of gasholder without bottom

Anchors due to lifting force of gasholder are not necessary.

 Seite 19/60

6. Calculation of gasholder

6.1 Description loads on gasholder

For calculation of gasholder shell the FEM – System ANSYS is used. Due to performance
reasons a model of a 180° segment of the gasholder is calculated and provided with
symmetry constraint at rim.
The weights for telescopic guiding system and guiding system for membrane will be halved
in the following load cases because only one halve of gasholder is calculated. As gas pressure
the maximal possible gas pressure of 65mbars is assumed.
Snow load will applied as vertically down acting pressure of 1,5kN/m² on surface of roof.
Wind load consists of wind pressure on shell surface and wind suction on roof.
Wind pressure on shell will applied in x- direction. The distribution occurs according to
DIN 1993-4-1 with following formula:

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

With a diameter of 25,4m and a shell height of 14 m the following distribution is results.
 Seite 20/60

Because ANSYS with its actual version is not able to show loads depending on their function
the wind loads are divided and calculated into five sectors of the gasholder. For this purpose
the average cP- data over the five sectors of the gasholder are determined. With a
compression load of 1,0kN/m² multiply with the corresponding cP- data the sectors of the
FE model were loaded.

Sektor Nr. Sektor Bereich cP cP x Windlast (0,69kN/m²)

1 0 – 2,5° 1,00 687 Pa
2 2,5° - 7,5° 0,98 677 Pa
3 7,5° - 12,5° 0,93 640 Pa
4 12,5° - 17,5° 0,84 581 Pa
5 17,5° - 22,5° 0,73 500 Pa
6 22,5° - 27,5° 0,58 402 Pa
7 27,5° - 32,5° 0,42 289 Pa
8 32,5° - 37,5° 0,24 164 Pa
9 37,5° - 42,5° 0,05 34 Pa
10 42,5° - 47,5° -0,14 -98 Pa
11 47,5° - 52,5° -0,33 -226 Pa
12 52,5° - 57,5° -0,50 -345 Pa
13 57,5° - 62,5° -0,66 -452 Pa
14 62,5° - 67,5° -0,79 -543 Pa
15 67,5° - 72,5° -0,89 -613 Pa
16 72,5° - 77,5° -0,96 -661 Pa
17 77,5° - 82,5° -1,00 -687 Pa
18 82,5° - 87,5° -1,00 -690 Pa
19 87,5° - 92,5° -0,98 -673 Pa
20 92,5° - 97,5° -0,85 -586 Pa
21 97,5° - 102,5° -0,76 -525 Pa
22 102,5° - 107,5° -0,66 -458 Pa
23 107,5° - 112,5° -0,57 -390 Pa
24 112,5° - 117,5° -0,47 -325 Pa
25 117,5° - 122,5° -0,39 -266 Pa
26 122,5° - 127,5° -0,32 -217 Pa
27 127,5° - 132,5° -0,26 -179 Pa
28 132,5° - 137,5° -0,22 -153 Pa
29 137,5° - 142,5° -0,20 -138 Pa
30 142,5° - 147,5° -0,19 -133 Pa
31 147,5° - 152,5° -0,20 -135 Pa
32 152,5° - 157,5° -0,21 -142 Pa
33 157,5° - 162,5° -0,22 -151 Pa
34 162,5° - 167,5° -0,23 -160 Pa
35 167,5° - 172,5° -0,24 -166 Pa
36 172,5° - 177,5° -0,24 -168 Pa
37 177,5° - 180° -0,24 -166 Pa
 Seite 21/60

Wind load distribution on shell and roof - cP x 0,69kN/m²

Gas overpressure - 6.000N/m²

Telescope guide system and membrane guide system

 Seite 22/60

6.2 Load Cases

D Death load Model load with 9,81m/s² Weight

L Live load 60 mbar = 600 kg/m² = 6.000 N/m² Max. Gaspressure
Ex Seismic lateral
Base shear V=169to Earthquake load
Ey load

1 U = 1,60D 1,60 x 9,81 m/s² = 15,696 m/s²

2 U = 1,40D + 1,70L
3 U = 1,05D + 1,28L + 1,0Ex + 0,3Ey
4 U = 0,9D + 1,0Ex + 0,3Ey
 Seite 23/60

6.3 Mesh Description

Parts Mesh elements size

Shell and bottom 250 mm

Roof 150 mm

Roof chevrons and roof center 50 mm

T-Beam (Membran fixing on shell) 50 mm

 Seite 24/60

6.4 Load Case 1 – Death Load

 Load conditions
Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 1,6 x 9,81 m/s² = 15,696 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 1,6 x 4.530 kg 72.480N as centric force

Membrane guide 1,6 x 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 2,70kN/m as perimetric load

 Seite 25/60

 Stress curve

At transition zone from shell to roof the highest tensions will occur. They are ca. 15N/mm².
The highest loaded areas are the rafters. Here the tensions are ca. 20N/mm². Due to
horizontal wind direction and the up acting suction an asymmetric stress curve is displayed.
The tensions in the remaining gasholder shell are insignificantly low.
 Seite 26/60

 Distortion

The maximum distortion amounts to ca. 7,5mm.

 Seite 27/60

6.5 Load Case 2 – Death load + Live load

 Load conditions
Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 1,4 x 9,81 m/s² = 13,734 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 1,4 x 4.530 kg 63.710N as centric force

Membrane guide 1,4 x 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 2,37kN/m as perimetric load

inside on surface of bottom + lower half of

gas overpressure 1,7 x 60mbar
shell
 Seite 28/60

 Stress curve

At transition zone from shell to roof the highest tensions will occur. They are ca. 30N/mm².
The highest loaded areas are the rafters. Here the tensions are ca. 20N/mm². Due to
horizontal wind direction and the up acting suction an asymmetric stress curve is displayed.
The tensions in the remaining gasholder shell are insignificantly low.
 Seite 29/60

 Distortion

The maximum distortion amounts to ca. 6,7mm.

 Seite 30/60

6.6 Load Case 3 – Death load + Live load + seismic lateral load
 Load conditions
Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 1,05 x 9,81 m/s² = 10,30 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 1,05 x 4.530 kg 47.565N as centric force

Membrane guide 1,05 x 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 1,77kN/m as perimetric load

inside on surface of bottom + lower half of

gas overpressure 1,28 x 60mbar
shell

Base shear Ex 1,0 x 169to

Base shear Ey 0,3 x 169to

 Seite 31/60

 Stress curve

At transition zone from shell to roof the highest tensions will occur. They are ca. 30N/mm².
The highest loaded areas are the rafters. Here the tensions are ca. 20N/mm². Due to
horizontal wind direction and the up acting suction an asymmetric stress curve is displayed.
The tensions in the remaining gasholder shell are insignificantly low.
 Seite 32/60

 Distortion

The maximum distortion amounts to ca. 6mm.

 Seite 33/60

6.7 Load Case 4 – Death load + seismic lateral load

 Load conditions
Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 9,81 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 4.530 kg 45.300N as centric force

Membrane guide 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 1,69kN/m as perimetric load

Base shear Ex 1,0 x 169to

Base shear Ey 0,3 x 169to

 Seite 34/60

 Stress curve

At transition zone from shell to roof the highest tensions will occur. They are ca. 30N/mm².
The highest loaded areas are the rafters. Here the tensions are ca. 20N/mm². Due to
horizontal wind direction and the up acting suction an asymmetric stress curve is displayed.
The tensions in the remaining gasholder shell are insignificantly low.
 Seite 35/60

 Distortion

The maximum distortion amounts to ca. 5mm.

 Seite 36/60

6.8 Load case cohesive arching + wind load on shell surface + wind suction at roof +
gas pressure
 Load conditions
Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 9,81 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 4.530 kg 45,3 kN as centric force

Membrane guide 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 1,69kN/m as perimetric load

On shell surface as pressure/suction

Wind load (shell) cp x 1,0 kN/m²
distribution according to DIN 1993-4-1

Wind load (suction) 0,69 kN/m² as suction force on roof surface

inside on surface of bottom + lower half of

gas overpressure 60mbar
shell
 Seite 37/60

 Stress curve

At transition zone from shell to roof the highest tensions will occur. They are ca. 15N/mm².
The highest loaded areas are the rafters. Here the tensions are ca. 20N/mm². Due to
horizontal wind direction and the up acting suction an asymmetric stress curve is displayed.
The tensions in the remaining gasholder shell are insignificantly low.
 Seite 38/60

 Distortion

The maximum distortion amounts to ca. 2,5mm. Due to horizontal wind direction and the up
acting suction an asymmetric deformation pattern.
 Seite 39/60

6.9 Load case overpressure

In case of over pressure the gasholder has reached his maximum fill level, the ballast disc has
reached its highest position and the menbrane is strechted. The occurrence of over pressure
is only possible by failure or intended shutdown of the mechanical over fill protection.
During the yearly service the gasholder is checked to over pressure and the hydraulic over
pressure protection is checked on function. The hydraulic over pressure limits the maximal
possible over pressure on 10 mbar above working pressure.

Loads
Gasholder shell 120.000 kg Model load with 9,81 m/s²

telescopic guiding system 4.530 kg 45,3 kN as centric force

Membrane guide 4.300 kg with Ø25,4m 1,69kN/m as perimetric load

inside on surface of bottom + lower half of

gas overpressure 60mbar
shell

½ drag force upwardly on membrane fixing

Drag force membrane 203kN
(with Ø22,75m disc perimeter and 10mbar)
 Seite 40/60

 Stress curve

The tensions inside gasholder amounts to 15N/mm². The highest loaded areas are the roof
edges. Here the tensions are ca. 25N/mm².
 Seite 41/60

 distortion

The maximal distortion is ca. 5mm.

 Seite 42/60

7. Gasholder openings

7.1 Gasholder openings in gas room

The low pressure gasholder has in the gas room besides its pins for gas pipes and pins
for flanges for pressure measurement and gas venting also a shell door with
integrated manhole with outer dimensions of 1960 x 1420mm. The gas touched inner
surface has dimension of 1860 x 1320. Additionally the gasholder has manhole DN
800 for services with inner diameter of 802mm.
 Seite 43/60

7.2 Loads of gasholder opening in gas room

The maximal gasholder over pressure is 50 mbars in normal mode. In case of over
pressure the working pressure extends by 10 mbars up to 60 mbars before hydraulic
over pressure protection approaches. In the calculation all inner surfaces are loaded
with 6,0kN/m².
 Seite 44/60

7.3 Proof of screws at shell manhole door

Shell manhole door is closed with 117 screws with a dimension of M12 x 35

Allowable tensions for screws M12 x 35 8.8

⁄ ⁄

7 ⁄

7.4 Proof of screws of shell manhole DN 800

Shell manhole is closed with 32 pieces of M 16 x 50 8.8 screws.

( )

Allowable tensions for screws M16 x 50 8.8

⁄ ⁄
7
7 ⁄
 Seite 45/60

7.5 Stress curve complete system door

The highest tensions are in

the range of less than
100 N/mm².
 Seite 46/60

7.6 Stress curve door frame

The door frame consists of L-100 x 50 x 6 angle sections. The short side will be used as
bearing surface of door leaf the long side will be welded into gasholder shell. For
examination of the welded door frame we assume the worst case which means the angle
will be situated outwards as far as possible to examine the longest possible lever arm.

The shell will be loaded with inner over pressure of 7,5kN/m². The missing door leaf will be
replaced by a drag force on the door frame.

Stress curve

The stress curve shows an equivalent figure to the previous calculation.

 Seite 47/60

7.7 Gasholder opening in air room

The pressure less air room of the gasholder is accessible by door which opens outwards. The
door has door lock and can be locked against trespass.
Because the gasholder has enough openings for pressure equalisation to aviod an increase of
pressure during filling of gasholder the load on door is limited to wind load.
 Seite 48/60

8. Staircase

8.1 Explanation
The gasholder has spiral staircase from the bottom to the roof for revision works with a solid
center width of 1.000 mm. The staircase consists of a platform on level of air room door and
for intermediate landings. All platforms are welded on gasholder with flat bars sections. For
bracing L-sections are welded diagonally between platform and gasholder shell.
The shell has a diameter of 12,7 m and a wall thickness of 5 mm. The shell height up to roof
is 8 m.
The gasholder shell will be calculated as 90° piece and without roof. The stiffening impact of
the roof will be disregarded.

Dimensions

Plattform surface ca. 1.090mm x 985mm

stair stringer 220 x 6

diagonal sections platform L 120 x 80 x 8

Diagonal sections L 50 x 50 x 5
 Seite 49/60

8.2 Load conditions according to EN ISO 14122-3:2001

For staircases with a solid center width of min. 1.000m and for patrolling of individuals with
bearing loads a live load of 5 kN/m² is to be calculated. The deflection of bearing structure
has to be max. 1/300 of the span or 6 mm.

Loads

Load of staircase 5,0 kN/m² = 5.000Pa Holohedral to all bearing surfaces

8.3 Staircase complete (only bearing surfaces)

Stress curve inside steel struts of single platforms

Endplatform at air room door

The highets tensions will occur at
second podest and reach values of
max. 110N7mm².

intermediate landing
At steel struts of intermediate landing
tensions of skimpily 100N/mm² will
occur.
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8.4 Staircase segment at gasholder

For examination of load transmission a staircase segment consisting of two platforms and in
between situated steel flanks are put on gasholder shell and be loaded with 5 kN/mm².
The highest tensions occur at load transmission places between platforms and gasholder
shell.

Red marks means tensions

of 20N/mm² and more.
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8.5 Buckling of platform struts according to Euler

The longest pressure loaded horizontal struts are installed at the two bottom situated
platforms. The horizontal platform struts have a length of ca. 1.100 mm. The outer installed
catwalk has a width of 1.000 mm. The load on a bracket is calculated out of half sum of load
of platform and ten pitches each loaded with 5 kN/mm².

7 77
77

1.100mm
1.000mm

F=18,9k
N

√ √ 7

Buckling according to Euler – load case 2 – Buckling pin guided both - sided
Section: L 50x50x5

( ) ( )
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9. Ballast disc

9.1 Starting position

The low pressure gasholder consists of a ballast disc with diameter of 22,75m, which is
welded out of 5 mm steel plates. For stiffening 36pc IPE 220 beams and an outer bended
revolving U220 profile is welded on ballast disc.
For reinforcement of disc bearing plates with a thickness of 15 mm are welded on IPE
beams. On bearing plates a bended pipe with dimensions of Ø139,7 x 4 are welded on.
The disc is designed for a maximum working pressure of 50mbars.
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9.2 Load and bearing

The highest loads occur in the moment of lifting off of disc from the gasholder bottom. The
disc lifts off from bottom by half rated pressure (see pressure curve). The diaphragm pulls up
the disc at its outer edge. Dead load and ballast plates counteract the above mentioned
forces.
The disc hangs on the diaphragm with its weight (including ballast). The membrane fixing
deviates on outer face of the disc. During lifting off of disc from bottom the diaphragm
bends across the tubular disk protector or the reinforcement ring.
In sum the upward exerting forces (half gas pressure, drag forces of diaphragm) are equal to
the sum of down exerting forces (dead load and ballast). Through different purchases of
forces and pressures a visible distortion of disc occur which is in reality measurable and
visible.

½ gas pressure
as revolving
Dead load drag force of
ballast ballast diaphragm

½ gas pressure
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Belastungen

Gas pressure 50mbar 50 mbar = 500 kg/m² = 5.000 N/m²

½ gas pressure 25mbar 25 mbar = 250 kg/m² = 2.500 N/m²

Drag forces
1.016 kN ½ von 5.000N/m² x 406m²
diaphragm
Dead load 28.000 kg Quelle: CAD Modell

ballast Array 1 – 36 36 x 2.008kg = 180.288kg

apparent gravity 9,81 m/s²

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9.3 Calculation of disc with 50mbar – stress curve

The highest tensions occur inside disc steel plates. The maxiumum tensions are in array of
ca. 80N/mm².
Thereby the disc is well dimensioned; the occuring tensions are below sustainable tensions.
The load of reinforcement pipe lies in array of 80 - 100 N/mm².
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9.4 Calculation of disc with 50mbar – distortion

The disc rim is lifting to 40 mm before disc lifts up at center.

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10.Abstract
The gasholder is designed for a maximum working pressure of 50mbars with additional over
pressure of 10mbars.
The decisive load case for construction and design of gasholder is the combination of dead
load and wind load on shell and the earthquake load on gasholder roof.
Additionally steadiness and lifting forces are reviewed. A buckling of gasholder can also be
excluded as well as lifting off by lifting forces of diaphragm in case of over pressure. The
reviewed details of the gasholder openings show increased loads which are in sustainable
array.
The highest loads for ballast disc occur in the moment of lifting off from gasholder bottom. If
gasholder is decommissioned and the disc bears on bottom plating the tensions are much
lower compared to the moment of lifting off.
With its IPE 220 beams and a Ø139 x 4 pipe the ballast disc is solidly designed for a working
pressure of 50 mbars. The occurring maximum tensions of 50N/mm³ are below safety factor
barrier of 110N/mm³ (St 37-2).
The load case occurs short termed in the moment of lifting off of ballast disc. After lifting off
the disc is totally hold by gas pressure. With increased filling level the drag forces of
diaphragm on disc will decrease.
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11.Appendix

11.1 Overview drawing 510005/40

 Seite 60/60

Michael Ehrenpfordt
Dipl.-Ing. (FH)
Heilbronn, den 30.09.14

Eisenbau Heilbronn GmbH

Technische Verwaltung + Vertrieb
Brüggemannstraße 39-43
D-74076 Heilbronn

Tel.:+49-7131-1589-32
Fax: +49-7131-1589-29
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: www.eisenbau-heilbronn.de

Sitz der Gesellschaft: Heilbronn - Amtsgericht Stuttgart - HRB 104931

Geschäftsführung: Florian Gentsch - Dr. Roland Stehle