ACMA Day2 Ver2.2

Aerohive Networks
ACMA
Part II
HiveManager Advanced Topics
1 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

WLAN DESIGN

Coverage Design
•Primary coverage goals are:

• High data connectivity
• Roaming
•Coverage goals are accomplished via:

• High data rates: Strong received signals
• High data rates: High SNR
• Roaming: Primary and secondary coverage

dBm and mW conversions
dBm milliwatts
+30 dBm 1000 mW 1 Watt

1/10th of 1 Watt
+20 dBm 100 mW 1/100th of 1 Watt
+10 dBm 10 mW 1/1,000th of 1 Watt
0 dBm 1 mW 1/10th of 1 milliwatt
–10 dBm .1 mW 1/100th of 1 milliwatt
–20 dBm .01 mW 1/1,000th of 1 milliwatt
–30 dBm .001 mW 1/10,000th of 1 milliwatt
1/100,000th of 1 milliwatt
§ Very Strong –40 dBm .0001 mW 1 millionth of 1 milliwatt
§ Great –50 dBm .00001 mW 1 ten-millionth of 1 milliwatt
§ Weak –60 dBm .000001 mW 1 hundred-millionth of 1 milliwatt
–70 dBm .0000001 mW 1 billionth of 1 milliwatt
§ Do not care
–80 dBm .00000001 mW Noise Floor
§ No Signal –90 dBm .000000001 mW
–95 dBm .0000000002511 mW
Notes Below
Coverage recommendations
• -70 dBm: high data rate connectivity
• -65 dBm: Voice over Wi-Fi

Receiver Sensitivity
Data Rate Receive

(2.4 GHz) Sensitivity
1 Mbps -101 dBm
6 Mbps -91 dBm
MCS 0 -90 dBm

54 Mbps 36 Mbps 18 Mbps 6 Mbps
11 Mbps -89 dBm
24 Mbps -87 dBm
54 Mbps -79 dBm
MCS 7 -77 dBm
• Minimum signal strength at which a MCS 15 -75 dBm
data rate can be achieved MCS 23 -74 dBm

Receiver Sensitivity
• Strong received
signal and high
SNR needed to get
the higher data
rates
54 Mbps 36 Mbps 18 Mbps 6 Mbps
• Receive sensitivity
of client and APs
radios varies
between vendors
and chipsets
Dynamic Rate Shifting
• Mobility can cause

shifts in data rates
• Weaker signal and
54 Mbps 36 Mbps18 Mbps 6 Mbps
lower SNR results in
lower data rates
• APs and client radios
upshift and downshift
data rates based on
Warning: Low data rates consume airtime receive sensitivity
thresholds
Layer 2 Retransmissions
Transmitting radio sends a unicast frame
CRC passes
Receiver radio sends L2 ACK frame

Layer 2 Retransmissions
Transmitting radio sends a unicast frame
CRC fails
No ACK frame sent by receiver
Transmitting radio sends L2 retransmission

Layer 2 Retransmissions - Cause
CRC fails
• RF interference (Layer 1)
• Low SNR (Layer 1) (bad design)

Layer 2 Retransmissions - Effect
• Throughput goes down
• Latency goes up

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
Received signal = -70 dBm
Received signal = -88 dBm
SNR = 25 dB
SNR = 7 dB
Ambient noise floor = - 95 dBm

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
• High SNR needed to

prevent L2
retransmissions
• Radios will use
modulation and
coding schemes (MCS)
that produce higher
data rates

SNR Recommendations
• 20 dB or greater
• 25 dB or greater for
voice-grade networks
• 32 dB or greater to use
256 QAM modulation

Roaming
BSSID #1 BSSID #2
• Primary Coverage: -70 dBm

AP #1 AP #2
• Secondary coverage: -75 dBm

Roaming client station
• Clients make the roaming decision

Data Rates versus Throughput
• Data rate is not TCP throughput

• Medium contention protocol of CSMA/CA
consumes much of the available bandwidth
• Aggregate TCP throughput in a legacy a/b/g
environment is 40% – 50% of data rate
• Aggregate TCP throughput in an 802.11n/ac
environment is 60% – 70% of data rate

Capacity Design – Age Old Question
• How many clients per AP?

• It depends
• What type of applications

• How many clients
• What type of clients

Capacity Design - Applications
Application Required Throughput

Email/Web browsing 500 Kbps – 1 Mbps
Printing 1 Mbps
SD video streaming 1 Mbps – 1.5 Mbps
HD video streaming 2 Mbps – 5 Mbps

Capacity Design – Client Capabilities
• Not all clients are created equal
• Laptops are usually equipped

3x3:3 MIMO radios
• Mobile devices that are 1x1:1

consume much more airtime

Client Capabilities - Example
client Example data rate

1x1:1 802.11n 65 Mbps
1x1:1 802.11ac 78 Mbps
2x2:2 802.11n 130 Mbps
2x2:2 802.11ac 156 Mbps
3x3:3 802.11n 195 Mbps
3x3:3 802.11ac 260 Mbps
• Mobile devices with lesser capability consume

more airtime
Airtime Consumption
• RF is a half-duplex medium
• At any given time only one

radio can transmit on a
frequency domain
(channel)
• Everybody takes turns

Airtime Consumption – Multiple SSIDs
Beacon: SSID #1
• Multiple SSIDs create
Beacon: SSID #2
more layer two 802.11
management
Beacon: SSID #3 overhead
Beacon: SSID #4 • Extra set of beacons,
probe responses, etc…
Beacon: SSID #5 consume airtime
Beacon: SSID #6
Beacon: SSID #7
User Profiles – Assignment Rules
• Consolidate SSIDs
• Multiple User Profiles can be linked to a single SSID
• Different groups of users connected to the same SSID
can be assigned different access control rules
• The result is that different VLANs, firewall policies,
rate-limiting policies, etc can be assigned to different
groups of users

User Profiles – Assignment Rules
• User profile assignment rules

can be defined for a single
SSID
• Depending on the WLAN
security, rules can be based
on:
• RADIUS attributes
• PPSK User groups
• Client OS type
• Client MAC address
• Client Location
• Schedule

Airtime Consumption – 2.4 GHz data rates
• Disabling lower data rates

reduces airtime consumption
and normally increases
performance
• Basic = 24
12 Mbps
• Disabled: 11 Mbps (
Legacy 802.11b clients will
not be able to connect)
• Disabled: 6,
6 Mbps
9, 12 and
and 9
18
Mbps
Mbps
OFDM
OFDM rates
rates
Default rates: Basic = 11 Mbps

Airtime Consumption– 5 GHz data rates
• Disabling lower data rates

reduces airtime consumption
and normally increases
performance
12 Mbps
• Basic = 24 and 24only
Mbps
6 Mbps
• Disabled: 6, and 9
9 ,12 and
Mbps
18 OFDM
Mbps OFDM rates
rates
Default rates: Basic = 6, 12, and 24 Mbps

Channel Reuse
Channel 1
• Co-channel
interference
(CCI) Channel 1
• APs consume
each other
airtime
Channel 1
Channel 1

Channel Reuse
Channel 11
• Primary goal of
channel reuse
patterns is to Channel 1
prevent co-channel
interference
• Reduces airtime
consumption by
Channel 1
isolating frequency
domains (channels) Channel 6

Co-Channel Interference
Channel 11
• Does RF just
stop?
Channel 1
• Almost
impossible to
prevent CCI
at 2.4 GHz
Channel 1
Channel 6

Channel Reuse
Channel 11
• CCI is not static and
always changing
Channel 1
• Client transmissions
cause CCI
Channel 1
Channel 6

5 GHz channel re-use scheme
5.15 5.25 5.35 5.47 5.725
120
128
132
136
112
100
104
108
140
124
116
44
64
36
40
48
52
56
60
U-NII-1 U-NII-2A U-NII-2C
100 52 108 132 60 124 56 120 48 128
36
116 140 40 104 64
44 136 112 36

Channel Bonding
client 20 40 80 MHz
MHz MHz
1x1:1 78 162
802.11ac Mbps Mbps
2x2:2 156 324 702 Mbps
802.11ac Mbps Mbps
3x3:3 260 540 1170
802.11ac Mbps Mbps Mbps
• More frequency space
provides higher data rates
Channel Bonding
• Bonding results in +3 dB
increase of noise floor
• Lower modulation data
rates will be used
• Increase odds of CCI
• Degrades performance

40 MHz Channels - Europe
46
• Two channel 40 MHz
reuse
38 46
• Results in CCI
38
44
36
40
48
46 38 20 MHz
46 38 46 40 MHz
38 38
46

40 MHz Channels - Europe
134
• Nine channel 40 MHz reuse
38 118
• Decreased possibility of CCI
102
153
149
157
161
120
128
132
136
112
100
104
108
140
124
116
44
36
40
48
151 38
46 38 46 151 159 102 110 118 126 134
126 159
110

Channel Bonding Best Practices
• Only use 40 MHz if DFS

channels available
• Only use with thick walls
• Might not use in multiple
floors
• 80 MHz does not scale in
the enterprise
• Do not mix 40MHz and
20MHz
Low Power is Good
High Transmit Power
• Capacity Problems
• Increase CCI
• Hidden Node
• Mismatch power
between clients and AP
• Roaming – Sticky
problems
• Turn down the power!
39
Device Specific Settings – TPC
• Aerohive APs (6.6r1 or higher) support Transmit Power Control (TPC)

• Clients that also support TPC can adjust their power to match the AP transmit
power
• Helps reduce contention interference caused by clients
Warning: Some legacy clients

may have connectivity issues
when TPC is enabled

Use the Environment
• Wall attenuation is good

• Reduces CCI
• Maximizes channel reuse
Concrete poured
Concrete block
• Isolates contention domain

Drywall
Brick

Use the Environment
• Wall attenuation is good

• Reduces CCI
• Maximizes channel reuse
• Isolates contention domain
Avoid Mounting APs in Hallways
• Mounting APs in hallways is a common mistake

• Does not provide adequate coverage for rooms
• CCI and airtime consumption nightmare

One AP per room
• One AP per room may be needed for capacity
• 5 GHz can be achieved with proper channel

reuse and power levels
One AP per room design
• Walls must be VERY thick - concrete, brick, etc.

• 5 GHz radios power level 9 dBm (8 mw) or lower
• No channel bonding – 20 MHz channels only
One AP per room
• 2.4 GHz radios will all interfere with each other

• Disable two out of every three 2.4 GHz radios
• Power levels of 0 dBm – 6 dBm (1mw – 4 mw)
One AP per room
• Even then CCI still may occur in 2.4 GHz

One AP per room design – Dual 5 GHz?
• Fixed 5 GHz radios

• Disable two out of every three 2.4 GHz radios?
• Instead convert two out of every three of the
adjustable radios to 5 GHz
Dual 5 GHz design guidelines
• DFS channels will need to be enabled
• When possible, pair non-DFS channels with DFS channels (This

ensures connectively for clients that do not support DFS)

In the USA there are eight non-DFS channels. Example

pairings of non-DFS channels with DFS channels (This
ensures connectively for clients that do not support DFS)
AP250 Channel Pairing AP250 Channel Pairing
AP #1 36/100 AP #5 149/116
AP #2 40/104 AP #6 153/132
AP #3 44/108 AP #7 157/136
AP #4 48/112 AP #8 161/140

In Europe, there are only four non-DFS channels. If multiple

dual 5 GHz APs are deployed it will be necessary to also
pair DFS channels
AP #1 36/116 AP #5 100/140
AP #2 40/120 AP #6 104/136
AP #3 44/124 AP #7 108/132
AP #4 48/100 AP #8 112/128

RADIO PROFILES

Login to HiveManager NG
Students login
• Using Chrome, browse to the HiveManager

Virtual Appliance instance for your class
(the URL is supplied by the instructor)
• Everyone in class will use the same

Hivemanager!
• Login with credentials supplied by instructor:
Admin: [email protected]
Password: Aerohive123

Lab: Radio Profile
1. Create a New Radio Profile for 2.4 GHz Radio
§Configure >
Common Objects
• On the left
navigation, select
Radio Profiles
• Click to
create a new
radio profile
Lab: Radio Profiles
2. Set Name and Radio Mode
•Name: 2.4GHz-X
•Click and drag the

slider bar until the
display window
reads g/n

Lab: Radio Profiles
3. Configure Tx power and Maximum Clients
• Maximum Transmit Power: 15 dBm
• Maximum Number of Clients: 55

Background Scan
• APs perform background scans every 10 minutes to

evaluate the RF environment and for WIPS

Channel Selection – Limit Channel Selection
§ Allows for limiting the channel selection to non-overlapping

channels.ACSP

Channel Selection – Dynamic Switching
§ APs select channels automatically at boot-up using ACSP

§ APs can dynamically change channels later based on a CRC
threshold
Lab: Radio Profiles
4. Optimizing Radio Usage – Enable Band Steering
• Turn on Band Steering

• Band Steering Mode: Encourage 5.0 GHz band usage

Band Steering
© Aerohive Networks, Proprietary & Confidential
• Balance band use: Clients can be steered to either band. Allocate a 50/50
mix to balance the clients between the bands.
• Encourage 5 GHz band use: Most clients will go, but if they insist on 2.4, let
them stay.
• Enforce 5 GHz band use: If a client supports 5 GHz
Band Steering Animation
2.4GHz Client 2.4GHz & 5GHz Client 2.4GHz & 5GHz Client
(Out of Range of 5GHz) (In of Range of 5GHz)
Connected at 2.4GHz & 2.4GHz & Connected5GHz

at
2.4GHz 2.4GHz Connected at
5GHz 2.4GHz &
2.4GHz 5GHz 5GHzResponse
Probe Response 5GHz 2.4GHz
Response 5GHz
Response
Probe Probe

62
Lab: Radio Profiles

5. Optimizing Radio Usage – Client Load Balancing
• Turn on Client Load Balancing Note: When using client load

balancing, the same type of load-
• Select Number of Clients balancing mode must be selected
on both radios since this is an AP
function vs. an individual radio.
Load Balancing Animation
3 clients
21 clients 6 clients
21 clients 60 clients
24 21 clients

63
Load Balancing
• WARNING: If roaming is a requirement, Load Balancing

should NEVER be used.
• Load Balancing should only be used in very high density

networks: E.g. gym, auditorium, large lecture hall.
• Load Balancing is often beneficial in very high density

deployments where all the APs are deployed in the
same open area.
Lab: Radio Profiles
6. Optimizing Radio Usage – Radio Settings
• Verify þ Enable
short guard
interval
• Click to
save your 2.4
GHz Radio Profile
Note: The SGI yields a 10% increase in performance

with 802.11n and 802.11ac clients. Do not use SGI in
very high multipath environments
Lab: Radio Profile
7. Create a New Radio Profile for 5 GHz Radio
§Configure >
Common Objects
• On the left
navigation, select
Radio Profiles
• Click to
create a new
radio profile
67
Lab: Radio Profiles

8. Name 5 GHz Radio Profile
• Name: 5GHz-X
• Select ac
§Click and
drag the slider
bar until the
display window
reads ac
5 GHz Channels
5.15 5.25 5.35 5.47 5.725 5.825 5.925
5.85
120
128
132
136
153
112
144
100
104
108
140
149
165
169
124
181
116
157
173
161
177
84
44
64
36
40
48
52
56
60
68
72
80
88
92
96
76
U-NII-1 U-NII-2A U-NII-2B U-NII-2C U-NII-3 U-NII-4
38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94 102 110 118 126 134 142 151 159 167 175
42 58 74 90 106 122 138 155 171
50 82 114 163
Dynamic Frequency Selection

5 GHz Channels
• 20 MHz channels should normally be used
• 40 MHz channels can sometimes be used if the

dynamic frequency selection (DFS) channels are
enabled
• Never use channel bonding in very high density

environments

Channel Width – 802.11ac
§80 MHz wide channels should only be used as a SOHO

solution; never in an enterprise where high capacity
coverage is a goal
§For high capacity, select 20 MHz (or 40 MHz at most)

Default 80 MHz Channel Width – 802.11ac
§This option allows the APs to remember its channel and

power selections during a reboot. This decreases the time
required for APs to return to serving client traffic. APs can
still be configured to recalculate channel and power
settings dynamically at regular intervals and based upon
CRC thresholds.
Lab: Radio Profiles
9. Channel Width and DFS
• Set Channel Width to 20 MHz
• Turn on Dynamic Frequency Selection

Lab: Radio Profiles
10. Optimizing Radio Usage – Client Load Balancing
Note: If you choose to use

load balancing, it must be
enabled on both bands
and the same type of load
balancing should be
selected.
• Turn on Client Load Balancing
• Select Number of Clients

Lab: Radio Profiles
11. Optimizing Radio Usage – Radio Settings
• Check þ Enable
short guard
interval
• Click to
save your 5 GHz
Radio Profile
Note: The SGI yields a 10% increase in performance

with 802.11n and 802.11ac clients. Do not use SGI in
very high multipath environments
SDR Radio Profile
SDR offers dynamic WIFI0 = 5

OFF
2.4 GHz
GHz
ACSP (Automatic
Channel Selection
Protocol) scanning. WIFI1 = 5 GHz
For dual-5 GHz APs, SDR automatically scans and selects either a 2.4 or a
5 GHz profile that will provide the best coverage. If the current coverage is
determined to be acceptable, SDR will not make any changes. For devices
that do not support dual-5 GHz radios, SDR scans and automatically shuts
down 2.4 GHz radios when they are not required for good coverage.

SDR Radio Profile
§Initial ACSP Process
WiFi0: 2.4GHz
WiFi1: 5Ghz RF Redundancy NO
ACSP SDR Above WiFi0 stays on
Channels are Detection 2.4GHz
STARTS STARTS threshold?
assigned to both Algorithm
radios
YES
Final channels and Power Selection

Assign WiFi0 to Ensure channel
Tx-Powers are Both WiFi0 and
5GHz separation
assigned Wifi1
ACSP-SDR
COMPLETES

Lab: Radio Profile
12. Create a New Radio Profile for Software Defined Radio SDR
§Configure >
Common Objects
• On the left
navigation, select
SDR Radio Profiles
• Click to
create a new
radio profile
78
Lab: Radio Profiles

13. Name SDR Radio Profile
• Name: SDR-X
• Do not save yet
Note: Radio Profile Candidates are for dual 5 GHz APs, select a radio
profile for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. This selection is not required for non-
dual-5 GHz APs.

79
Lab: Radio Profiles

14. Configure SDR Schedule
You can customize the time(s)

that the AP will reconfigure its
SDR settings.
• Enable SDR during a
scheduled time range
§Time range: 1:00AM
to 4:00AM
§Click to save
your SDR Radio Profile

DFS return and Zero Wait DFS
•After a DFS event, you

can now choose to
have an AP return to its
previously assigned
static DFS channel.
•AP can use one radio

to scan DFS channel
after DFS event to
expedite return to DFS
channel (certain
models only)
Zero Wait DFS - example
Start Finish
Start

Smart Antenna
•Dynamic Polarization
Switching changes
•Change polarization
based on client(s)
•Adjust polarization to
provide best polarization
for client device
•RSSI and SNR increase

Lab: Radio Profiles
15. Summary
§Note: We are not assigning the radio

profiles to the APs in class
• A radio profile can be assigned to

numerous APs via multi-select
• We discuss assigning radio profiles in

the next module, Device Specific
Settings

DEVICE SPECIFIC SETTINGS

Device Specific Settings - APs
• Device specific settings can be configured for individual APs

• From Monitor > Devices click the Host Name of the device
• The Device monitoring details window will appear

Device Specific Settings - APs
• Select Configuration
> Device
Configuration
• Configurable settings
unique to this one AP
are available

Device Specific Settings – Network Policy
• Host name: APs must have a unique

host name
• Network Policy: A different network

policy can be assigned via the drop-
down box

Device Specific Settings – Mgt0 Interface
• By default, the management

interface (mgt0) of the AP will
receive an IP address via DHCP
• The AP can be configured for a
fallback address if the mgt0
interface does not receive a DHCP
offer
• The mgt0 interface can also be
configured with a static IP address

Device Specific Settings – Mgt0 VLAN
• The Management VLAN and Native VLAN for the mgt0

interface can be defined for the AP
• The VLAN settings override the management and native

VLAN configured in the Network Policy
Device Specific Settings – Radio Interface
• Select Configuration >

Interface Settings
• The APs radio and Ethernet

interfaces can be
configured

Device Specific Settings – Radio Profile
• Radio interfaces can be

further defined
• Toggle between the 2.4

GHz and 5 GHz radio tabs
• Radio Profile: Select a pre-

defined radio profile

Device Specific Settings - Radio Usage
§Radio Usage options:

• þ Client Access is the default
setting that allows Wi-Fi client
connectivity
• þ Backhaul Mesh Link* enables
the radio to function as either a
mesh point or mesh portal
• þ Selecting both allows for
mesh and client connectivity at
the same time

Device Specific Settings - Radio Usage
• Select þ Sensor (for Presence) and the radio will function as a full-time sensor for
Presence Analytics or WIPS
• Note: Must also enable Presence Server settings in the Radio Profile

Device Specific Settings - Static Channels
• Radio interfaces can be

assigned a static channel
• Channel: From the drop-
down box, select a static
channel

Exclude Channels from Auto Selection
• Any channel can be excluded from a dynamic channel plan.

• Requires HiveOS 6.6r1 or higher
• By default, US firmware uses channel channel 165 within dynamic auto-selection channel plan.
• Many devices do not support channel 165 and it can now be excluded.
• Channels 149 and 153 might be other 5 GHz channels to exclude to avoid interference with Apple TVs
using AirPlay:
§ http://help.apple.com/deployment/ios/#/apd8fc751f59

Exclude Channels from Auto-Selection
• Exclude channels
from auto-selection
are off by default in
device specific
settings

Exclude Channels
• Exclude Channels On
• þ Select the channels
to be excluded from
the dynamic channel
plan
• Example: þ 149 þ 153

Transmission Power Floor
• Transmission power floor and maxdrop commands were added in 6.6r1

HiveOS to lower the power floor.
• These commands are configurable in AP radio interface settings

Transmission Power Floor Commands
• The Aerohive dynamic RF protocol: Automatic Channel Selection

Protocol (ACSP) by default, will only lower the transmission power
of the AP radios to 11 dBm
• Transmission Power Floor
Sets the minimum transmit power for automatic adjustment
Default: 5 dBm; Range: 2-20 dBm
• Transmission MaxDrop
Sets the maximum drop in transmit power
Default: 5 dBm; Range: 0-20 dBm

Transmission Power Floor
• Select either 2.4 GHz or

5 GHz radio
• Use the slider bar to
adjust the Transmission
Power Floor
• Use the slider bar to
adjust the Transmission
Maxdrop

101
Device Specific Settings – Static Power
§Transmission Power
• Select ⦿ Manual
• Use the slider bar to set a static transmit power level for the
radio

• Aerohive APs (6.6r1 or higher) support Transmit Power Control (TPC)

• Clients that also support TPC can adjust their power to match the AP transmit
power
• Helps reduce contention interference caused by clients

• Select either 2.4 GHz

or 5 GHz radio
• Select þ Enable client

transmission power
control
• ¤ Auto sets the client

transmit power to
match the AP
Note: TPC 802.11h must also be supported by transmit power
the client devices

Device Specific Settings – SSIDS
§ SSIDs can be enabled or disabled at the individual radio level

! Click OFF
! Click ON
§ SSIDs can also be enabled or disabled globally for all AP radios in the SSID profile settings in a
Network Policy

Device Specific Settings – Wired Interfaces
§ Ethernet interfaces can be also be enabled or disabled

§ VLAN settings of the Network Policy can be overridden
§ Transmission Type and Speed normally should be selected automatically

Device Specific Settings – Credentials
§You have the option to

assign every device
unique CLI login
credentials:
• Click Device Credentials
• Enter and confirm
password for the Root
Administrator
• You can also create a
CLI password for a Read
Only Administrator
• Passwords that are
created are unique to
this one device
Device Specific Settings – Credentials
§You have the option to

statically assign CAPWAP
server addresses
• Click Device Credentials
• Primary CAPWAP Server:
Enter the IP address or
host name
• Secondary CAPWAP
Server: Enter the IP
address or host name
*Useful for on-premises NG servers

Device Specific Settings AP250 & AP550
• WiFi0 interface is a
software-definable
radio that can transmit
on either the 2.4 GHz or
5 GHz bands

• Select the WiFi0 tab
• Operating Mode: From

the drop-down, select
5 GHz
• Select a static 5 GHz

channel or allow the
AP to automatically
assign its channels

• Select the 5 GHz Radio

tab
• Select a static 5 GHz

channel
• Important: When using

both 5 GHz radios, the
channels must have at
least 3 x channel width
of frequency separation

• 20MHz channels need 60MHz of

separation
• 40MHz channels need 120MHz of
separation
• Important: When using both 5 GHz radios, only use 20 MHz

channels. Never use 40 MHz or 80 MHz channels.
• Important: When assigning static channels, select channels

that are 3 x channel width apart.

§Consider the type of 5 GHz channel planning that might be needed if you have
multiple dual 5 GHz APs deployed throughout an entire building:
• DFS channels will need to be enabled
• Pair non-DFS channels with DFS channels (This ensures connectively for
clients that do not support DFS)

Example pairings of non-DFS channels with DFS channels

(This ensures connectively for clients that do not support
DFS)
AP #1 36/100 AP #5 149/116
AP #2 40/104 AP #6 153/132
AP #3 44/108 AP #7 157/136
AP #4 48/112 AP #8 161/140

Device Specific Settings – AP Multi-select
§Some device specific settings can

be configured for multiple APs using
muti-select:
• Select þ Multiple APs

• A network policy can be assigned to multiple APs

• Select policy from the drop-down box

• Radio profiles can be assigned to multiple APs using multi-select

• Radio Usage can be assigned to multiple APs using multi-select

• Device CLI credentials can be

assigned to multiple APs using
multi-select
• Static CAPWAP server addresses
can be assigned to multiple APs
using multi-select
• Shared-Key for CAPWAP
authentication between APs and
HiveManager NG can be assigned
via multi-select
*Useful for on-premises HiveManager

servers
Device Specific Settings - Mesh
• Select Interface Settings

• Select the 5 GHz Radio tab
• Deselect No Change
Device Specific Settings - Mesh
• Select þ Client Access

• Select þ Backhaul Mesh
• Click
Mesh
Wireless user traffic can be routed to the

wired network via a mesh backhaul, reducing
installation cost and providing fault tolerance.

Mesh
§ By default, if each Aerohive AP is an access portal (Ethernet connected) it selects a

different channel for its mesh/access interface so that more bandwidth is available for
clients

Mesh
§ The channel map shows two Aerohive APs using channel 153 and two Aerohive APs
using 161 which provides double the bandwidth of a single channel mesh solution

DEVICE CLASSIFICATION

Device Classification: Maps
• Objects can be assigned by

classification
• Devices such as APs must be

linked to topology maps

Device Classification - VLANs
§ VLAN objects support device classification:

• Use Case #1 – device classification with VLAN objects
can be used to assign user VLANs (Example in upcoming lab)
• Use Case #2 – device classification with VLAN objects

can be used to assign management VLANs to Aerohive
devices
User VLANS 8, 16 User VLANs 10, 20
Floor1 L2-Switch L2-Switch Floor2
Router

Device Classification: Time Zones
Use Case #3 – Time zone settings for

device clocks
West Coast East Coast

Device Classification: Templates
Device Template: Corp Switches Device Template: Branch Switches
Use Case #4 – device classification

with for different switch port settings
Corp Site Branch Office
PoE PoE

Device Classification: CWP
Atlanta
Use Case #5 – Different captive web

portals can be used at different
locations
Seattle

• Time zones can be assigned to

devices by classification
• Devices such as APs must be

linked to topology maps

Additional
Settings > Policy
Settings > Device
Time Zone
• Select þ Apply
time zone to
devices via
classification
• Click +

• Time Zone: select

the desired Time
Zone
• Click Add
• Assignment
Rules: click +

• Name: West-Coast
• Click +
• Click Device
Location
• Select the desired
location, building or
floor
• Click Select

• Observe the first rule
• Scroll down and

click

Repeat the steps for the

next time zone:
• Time Zone: select the
desired time zone
• Click Add
• Assignment Rules: click
+

• Name: East-Coast
• Click +
• Click Device
Location
• Select the desired
location, building or
floor
• Click Select

• Observe the
assignment rules
• Click Save
• Click Next

LAB: DEVICE CLASSIFICATION

Students login


Hivemanager!

Lab: Device Classification for User VLANs
User VLANS 8, 16 User VLANs 10, 20

Floor1 L2-Switch L2-Switch
Floor2
Router
Network Policy: Corp-X User Profile: Teacher
Floor1 VLAN 8
SSID: Teacher Floor2 VLAN 10
User Profile: Student

SSID: Student
Floor1 VLAN 16
Floor2 VLAN 20

1. Step one
• Click the
Configure tab
• Select your
Corp-X Network
Policy

2. Add a new SSID SSID
Click Wireless Networks tab
• Click to add an SSID profile

• Select All other Networks (standard)

3. Add a new SSID
• SSID Name: Teacher-X

Tip: Press the tab key to auto-fill
the next textbox
• SSID Broadcast Name:

Teacher-X
Do NOT click Save yet

4. Select PSK security
• Scroll down
• Select Personal
WPA/WPA2 PSK
• Select þ Show
Password
• Key Value: aerohive123
Do NOT click Save yet

5. Create a default User Profile
• holder
• Scroll down ê to User Access Settings

• Default User Profile:
• Click + to add a new User Profile
6. Create a VLAN object
• User Profile Name:

Teacher-X
• VLAN: Click +

• Name: Teacher-VLANs-X
• Default VLAN ID: 1
• Select þ Apply VLANs to devices using classification

• Click +
• VLAN ID: 8Y
• Click Add

• Click +
• VLAN ID: 10Y
• Click Add

10. Create an assignment rule
• Verify both VLANs

• Next to VLAN 8Y, click + under Assignment Rules

• Name: Rule-A-X
• Click +
• Select Device Location

• Expand the location

tree to the building
designated by the
instructor
• Select X-Floor1
• Click Select

• Click Save

• Next to VLAN 10Y, click + under Assignment Rules

• Name: Rule-B-X
• Click +
• Select Device Location

• Expand the location

tree to the building
designated by the
instructor
• Select X-Floor2
• Click Select

• Click Save

18. Save the VLAN object
• Expand the assignment rules to verify

• Click Save to save the VLAN object

19. Save the User Profile object
• Click Save to save the User Profile object

20. Save the SSID Profile object
• Click Save to save the SSID Profile object

21. Deploy Policy
• Verify your new Teacher-X SSID

• Click on the Deploy Policy tab
22. Deploy Policy
• Select þ only the access point/device whose name begins with your
student number 0X
• Click
Note: Please only select your AP. Do not upload your policy to other APs during
class.

23. Device Update – Delta Update
• Verify that only 1

device will be
updated
• Select þ Update
Network Policy and
Configuration
• Select ¤ Delta
Configuration
Update
• Click
Lab: Verification
• Students will now connect their devices to the configured

SSID.
• Students will then test wireless connectivity to the SSID your

managed APs now transmitting
Teacher-X

Lab: Verify Client VLANs
Monitor > Clients

• Verify the VLANs of the
connected clients
• Students with APs

linked to Floor1 will be
assigned to VLAN 8Y
• Students with APs

linked to Floor2 will be
assigned to VLAN 10Y
LAB: WIPS

Students login


Hivemanager!

Lab: Configure a WIPS Policy for Rogue AP detection
1. Choose Additional Settings
• Select your Network Policy in the guided

configuration
• Click Additional Settings

2. Choose WIPS
• Scroll down
• Select WIPS (bottom

left navigation)
• Scroll up

3. Enable WIPs policy
• Wireless Intrusion
Prevention System
(WIPS)
• Click ON

4. Choose WIPS
• Name: WIPS-X
• Select þ
Determine if
detected rogue
APs are
connected to
your wired
(backhaul)
network
Note: This setting is used for
Rogue AP classification
Wired Detection
Wired: 00:11:22:33:44:50
Wireless: 00:11:22:33:44:55
Alert: Rogue AP
Rogue AP
1. Rogue AP wired interface 4. Aerohive AP compares the
sends ARP broadcasts wireless and wired MAC
2. Switch floods out all ports addresses
3. Aerohive APs learn the wired 5. If MAC addresses are in a
MAC address of the rogue range of 64 above or 64
AP below, the device is
4. Wireless MAC address Rogue Client classified as a Rogue AP
(BSSID) of rogue AP is
detected when the
Aerohive APs perform scans

5. MAC OUIs
All other WIPS settings are used to classify

discovered APs as Unauthorized
• Add any MAC OUIs for APs that you do not want
classified as unauthorized
6. SSID detection
• Select þ Detect rogue

access points based
on hosted SSIDS
• ⦿ Select an SSID
• From the drop-down,
select your company
SSID(s)
• Select þ Check the
Note: This setting is used for Unauthorized type of encryption
classification. Any AP that is broadcasting • Click Add
SSIDs other than what you designate will be
classified as Unauthorized.

7. Client detection
•Select ON Detect if wireless clients have formed

an ad hoc network
• Select þ Enable rogue client reporting

8. Mitigation
• Select ⦿ Manual
Semi Automatic mitigation
requires an administrator to
manually enable once a rogue
AP is detected
• Click Save

9. Deploy Policy
• Select þ only the access point/device whose name begins with your
student number 0X
• Click
Note: Please only select your AP. Do not upload your policy to other APs during
class.

Lab: Configure a WIPS Policy for Rogue AP detection 10. Device
Update – Delta Update
• Verify that only 1

device will be
updated
• Select þ Update
Network Policy and
Configuration
• Select ¤ Delta
Configuration
Update
• Click
Sensor Mode
• All access points perform off-channel

scanning
• Aerohive APs will detect rogue and
unauthorized APs during the scanning
• Aerohive APs can service clients on
the home channel and still scan off-
channel for rogue devices
• Aerohive APs can also be configured
as full-time WIPS sensors

Lab: Monitor Rogue APs
1. Monitor > Security
• Select Monitor > Security

• Select Rogue APs

• Adjust desired timeline
Detected AP Classification
• Rogue: AP detected on the wired network

• Unauthorized Rogue: Unauthorized AP eventually
detected on the wired network
• Unauthorized: Any other APs detected
• Neighbor: Manual classification for non-Aerohive APs
2. Rogue APs
Classification Connected
Rogueclients
BSSID
RogueRogue
SSID Vendor
Rogue Location AP Detection
ReportingClassification Times
Reason
• Select þ Rogue

3. Unauthorized APs
Classification Connected clients

Unauthorized
Unauthorized Reporting
Unauthorized
APUnauthorized
BSSID AP AP Detection
Classification
AP Location
SSIDAP Vendor Reason
Times
• Select þ Unauthorized

3. Neighbor APs
• Select þ desired Unauthorized AP

• Click Classify
• Choose Neighbor
• Click Yes

4. Neighbor APs
• Select þ Neighbor
• AP has be re-classified as a Neighbor
• Neighbor APs are not considered to be threats

5. Rogue Clients
Lab: Configure a WIPS Policy

for Rogue AP detection
4. Neighbor APs
Select Rogue Clients

6. WIPs Reporting
Click the Report Icon

Choose either Once or Recurring Report

Rogue AP Triangulation
• From a topology
map, choose the
View Heat Map
tab
• Devices: Click Real
• Select þ Rogue

Rogue AP Triangulation
• Reporting Aerohive APs

can triangulate the
location of a rogue AP.
• Two conditions needed to

triangulate a rogue AP:
1.Three or more Aerohive
APs must detect the
rogue.
2.RSSI of > -75 dBm

Lab: Mitigate Rogue APs
• Select an Unauthorized Rogue AP

• Start mitigation Mitigate > Start > Yes
Mitigation

Lab: Stop Mitigation
• Note: The Mitigation column tracks APs that are

being mitigated.
• Turn off mitigation Mitigate > Stop

MONITORING DEVICES

Monitor - Devices
§Real-time and
historically monitoring of
Devices such as APs
and Switches
• Multiple sortable
columns
• Multiple Filters
• Utilities and Actions
• Device Updates
• Click the Column
Picker icon to choose
available columns

Monitor Devices
§ Column view changes based on selections

§ Column view unique to each administrator

Monitor Devices
☞
• Click and hold on any column header
☞
• Drag the column header to desired location

• Release the header and the column order changes
• Columns can be moved left or right

Monitor Devices
• Column width can be adjusted

• Click the column divider
• Hold the cursor, drag the column and release

Monitor Devices
• By default only 10 devices are displayed per page
• Choose 20|50|100 to display more devices per page
• You can also advance through the devices one page at a time

Filters
§Devices can be filtered by:

• Location
• Network policies
• Device types
• Connection state
• Management state
• SSIDs
• User Profiles
• Filters are unique to each administrator

• Filters remain consistent across all views

Monitor Devices – Status Column
§Multiple device status icons:

• Connection State – green indicates the device is connected
to HiveManager NG via CAPWAP
• Connection State – red indicates the loss of CAPWAP
connectivity
• Connection State – indicates a simulated AP
• Presence icon – AP is functioning as a listening device for
Presence analytics

Monitor Devices – Status Column
§Multiple device status icons:

• Audit icon – The HiveManager NG configuration matches
the configuration on the Aerohive device
• Audit icon – ! The HiveManager NG configuration does not
match the configuration on the Aerohive device
• The device needs to be updated with either a delta or
complete upload of the configuration

Configuration Audit
• Exclamation audit icon

indicates changes to
device configuration
• Click the audit icon to display 3
different audit views
• Audit tab displays a summary view
of any configuration changes
• Click the Ignore button to clear
the audit icon without a delta
upload

Configuration Audit
• Delta tab displays the delta

configuration changes that will
be send to the device with a
delta update that requires no
reboot
• Complete tab displays the entire
running configuration that will be
uploaded to the device via a
complete update that requires a
reboot

Device 360°View
• Device 360°view is accessible from Monitor/Devices

• Click the Host Name of the device

204
Device 360°View
• Device 360° view displays detailed information about the individual

client
• Monitoring > Overview displays in the first screen
Device 360°View
• Monitoring > Wireless Interfaces displays information about the Wi-Fi radios
• Adjustable timeline view

Device 360°View
• Monitoring > Wired Interfaces displays information about the Ethernet

interfaces
Device 360°View
• Monitoring > Connected Client displays information about client devices

connected to the AP
Device 360°View
• Monitoring > Events displays information about AP events such as client

authentications

Device 360°View
• Device specific settings can also be

configured for each individual device
• Examples:
• Host Name
• IP address
• Interface settings
• Supplemental CLI

LAB: MONITOR DEVICES
Spend 10 – 15 minutes to explore Device Monitoring

MONITORING CLIENTS and USERS

Monitor - Clients
• Adjustable timeline
• Multiple sortable columns
• Multiple Filters
• Click the Edit icon to choose available columns
Monitor Clients
• Column view changes based on selections

• Column view unique to each administrator

Monitor Clients
• Column view changes based on selections

• Column view unique to each administrator

Monitor Clients
• Click and hold on any column header

• Drag the column header to desired location
• Release the header and the column order changes
• Columns can be moved left or right
Monitor Clients
• Column width can be adjusted

• Click the column divider
• Hold the cursor, drag the column and release

Monitor - Clients
§Clients can be filtered by:

• Location
• Operating System
• Wireless/Wired
• Connection state
• SSIDs
• User Profiles
• Filters are unique to each

administrator

Client Health
• Client Health information can be seen in a pop-up balloon

• Click on the status health icon to view the pop-up
• Pop-up window will appear

Client RSSI
• There is a graphical view for client RSSI

• RSSI initially displays as Excellent, Very Good, Good or Poor
• Click on RSSI and the Pop-up appears

Client RSSI
Excellent -40 dBm to – 60 dBm

Very Good -61 dBm to -70 dBm
Good -71 dBm to -80 dBm
Poor -80 dBm to -90 dBm
Client SNR
• There is a = graphical view for client SNR

• SNR initially displays as Very High, High, Medium, or Low
• Click on SNR and the Pop-up appears
Client SNR
Very High > = 35 dB

High 34 dB to 25 dB
Medium 24 dB to 15 dB
Low <15 dB to 0 dB
Client 360°View
• Client 360°view is accessible from Monitor/Clients

• Click on the MAC address of the device

224
Client 360°View
• Client 360° view

displays detailed
information about
the individual client
• Adjustable timeline
available for each
client

Monitoring - Users
• Monitor > Users

• Based on unique
credentials
• View number of
client devices
connected from a
single user

226
Monitoring - Users
• Click User Name

• User Entity View
• Click the
individual client
icons

LAB: MONITOR CLIENTS
Spend 10 – 15 minutes to explore Client Monitoring

DASHBOARDS

Dashboard
• The Dashboard is a broad overview of your wireless and wired network
• Instructor will now walk you through the dashboard widgets

Network Summary
Dashboard Summary is a
quick instantaneous
report.

Dashboard Reports
Reports allow you to

view, manage, and
create Network
Summary, PCI
Compliance, and WIPS
reports

Dashboard Diagnostics
Diagnostics displays:
• Top Access Points by
Channel Utilization
• Top Access Points by CPU
Usage %
• Top Access Points by Retries

Dashboard Inventory
Inventory displays:
• Device Count Rollup
• Configuration Status
• User Profiles
• User Groups
• Device Count by Model
• Device Count by OS
Version
• Device Count by Location
Dashboard Inventory
Comparative analytics can provide insight into how your network is

performing compared with similar deployments of other Aerohive
customers. You can compare characteristics of your network with
similarly sized networks and similar client types within the same industry
235 |
or other industries.
© 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.
Dashboard Presence
This widget reports

presence data
such as passersby,
engaged
customers, and
conversion rate
from passersby to
engaged
customers.

LAB: DASHBOARDS
Spend 10 – 15 minutes to explore the Dashboards

HIVEMANAGER ADMINISTRATION

HiveManager Administration
The user icon contains links to the following:

Global Settings: Make changes that affect your account and your entire
enterprise
Switch HiveManager: Change from one VHM to another if you have more
than one associated with your login credentials.
About HiveManager: Version information and regional datacenter names.
Communications: Learn what’s new in in HiveManager and what is
planned for the near future.
Hide HiveManager Select Features: Remove Select prompts for 30 days.
(Connect only)
Logout: End your current session
HiveManager Administration - Communications
The communications link contains information about

what is New in HiveManager, news about features
that are coming, previews, and any important
notifications such as upgrade windows.

Account Management
• Multiple admin accounts can be created for HiveManager NG

• Administrator user accounts can have different read/write access based on
predefined administrative roles

Account Management - Internal
• When creating a new user Role Based Access Control offers two choices:
• Internal user account: Admin/users from within the organization
• Outside users: Admin/users from outside the organization (resellers,
distributors…)
• To create an internal admin account, select ⦿ Create a new user account

• Email Address: Enter internal

company email address
• Name: Enter name
• Idle Session Timeout: Enter a value
between 5 and 240 minutes
• Assign a Role and a Location
• Click Save and Close

• Employee will receive an

email requesting that they
create a password for their
administrative account
• Click Setup Password

• They will be directed

HiveManager NG to create
the password
• Click Save and Next
• The new administrator can
now Login

Account Management – Outside HiveManager NG online only
• Access can also be granted to outside users: Admin/users from outside the
organization (resellers, distributors…)
• To create an external admin account, select ⦿ Grant access to outside
users
• Important: Outside users must have existing HiveManager NG accounts
• NG Accounts are checked against their email address
• Outside accounts will be indicated by the EXT icon
Role Based Access Control
• HiveManager NG supports RBAC

• When creating a new administrative
account you can assign a role
• A role defines what functions the admin is
able to access within HiveManager NG
• Access can be further restricted by
location – users will only have access to
devices in specific locations

• Roles can be assigned

access to certain
locations based in
topology maps
• Roles are assigned
based on tier two level
of topology maps
• The Administrator and
the Guest Management
role have universal
access and cannot be
assigned to unique
locations
• To view the topology map tiers, from the top-level menu, click Plan
• Tier one of the network map is called a network name and it is often
named after your organization.
• The definition of the second tier depends on how you define your network
map.
• You can assign either a geographic location, such as a city or town, or a
building to the network name.
• For role based access control, tier two is the most important tier because
its assignment determines the admin/user access.
• Example #1: Tier two based on locations
• Example #2: Tier two based on buildings
• RBAC access rights cannot be assigned by floor
§
• For role based access control, tier two is the most important
tier because its assignment determines the admin/user
access:
• Example #1: Tier two based on locations

• Example #2: Tier two based on buildings
• RBAC access rights cannot be assigned by floor

• Administrator
Administrator role provides full access to all configuration, monitoring,
and administrative functions. It is the only role that has access to
account and license management.
• Operator
Operator role provides full access to most functions including network
and device configuration. However, it does not allow access to user
• Monitor
Monitor role provides full access to troubleshooting and read-only
access to monitoring and configuration functions.
• Help Desk
Help Desk role provides full access to the Troubleshoot tab and search
access to the User 360 View and Client 360 View.
• Guest Management
Guest Management role provides access to create network
credentials.
• Observer
Observer role provides read-only access to most function except for
Account Management
Audit Logs to monitor

administrative users

License Management
• To install an entitlement key, click License Management, copy/paste the key,

click Apply
Device Management Settings
• Device CLI passwords can always be globally set from Administration >
Device Management Settings
• Default Password: xxxxxxxxxx
• Confirm Default Password: xxxxxxxxxx
• Click Save
HiveManager NG Logs
Multiple NG logs are available:

• Audit Logs
• Authentication Logs
• Accounting Logs
• SMS Logs
SOFTWARE UPDATES

Device Update – HiveOS firmware
• Deselect ☐Update Network

Policy and Configuration
• Select þ Upgrade HiveOS
• Options include:
§⦿ Upgrade to the golden HiveOS
version
§⦿ Upgrade to the latest HiveOS
version
§⦿ Upgrade to a specific HiveOS
version

©
Device Update – HiveOS firmware
§By default the HiveOS

update will be
§⦿ Active after 5 seconds
after the push completes and
is followed by an automatic
reboot
§Other options:
§⦿ Active at next reboot
§Requires a manual reboot
§⦿ Activate at the following time
§Set a specific activation and
reboot

Reboot Devices in Order
• Switch reboots do not interfere with the AP HiveOS upgrade process.

• HiveManager NG automatically upgrades and reboots the switch and APs
connected to the switch in a proper order.
• This enhancement prioritizes the reboot order in this way: AP mesh nodes, AP
portals, and then switches.

• HiveOS updates and configuration updates of unlike devices can

performed at the same time with a single update
• Below are some of the scenarios:
Switch -> AP Router -> Switch -> AP Meshed APs

Single configuration push from HiveManager

The expected behavior is that
YES
Are you done? the configuration is pushed
Branch Router* NO from HiveManager NG a single
time while the inbuilt
YES configuration logics and fault
Are you done? prevention system iterates
Switch NO
through stages automatically.
YES
Are you done? The end result is a fault tolerant
Portal APs NO configuration update process.
YES
Are you done?
Mesh APs NO
Complete Updates
• Complete Updates of any

configuration or HiveOS
updates require a reboot
• After the configuration or

firmware is pushed, the slider
bar will stop at about 68%
• Timestamp will appear once

the reboot is complete and
the APs re-establish CAPWAP
connectivity
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Aerohive Networks

1 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

2 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

•Primary coverage goals are:

•Coverage goals are accomplished via:

3 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

+30 dBm 1000 mW 1 Watt

• -70 dBm: high data rate connectivity

• -65 dBm: Voice over Wi-Fi

5 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

Data Rate Receive

1 Mbps -101 dBm

6 Mbps -91 dBm

MCS 0 -90 dBm

11 Mbps -89 dBm

24 Mbps -87 dBm

54 Mbps -79 dBm

MCS 7 -77 dBm

• Minimum signal strength at which a MCS 15 -75 dBm

data rate can be achieved MCS 23 -74 dBm

6 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

• Mobility can cause

Transmitting radio sends a unicast frame

Receiver radio sends L2 ACK frame

9 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

Transmitting radio sends a unicast frame

Transmitting radio sends L2 retransmission

10 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

11 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

• Throughput goes down

12 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

Received signal = -70 dBm

Received signal = -88 dBm

Ambient noise floor = - 95 dBm

• High SNR needed to

14 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

15 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

• Primary Coverage: -70 dBm

• Secondary coverage: -75 dBm

• Clients make the roaming decision

• Data rate is not TCP throughput

17 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

• How many clients per AP?

• What type of applications

18 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

Application Required Throughput

SD video streaming 1 Mbps – 1.5 Mbps

HD video streaming 2 Mbps – 5 Mbps

19 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

• Not all clients are created equal

• Laptops are usually equipped

• Mobile devices that are 1x1:1

20 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

client Example data rate

• Mobile devices with lesser capability consume

• At any given time only one

• Everybody takes turns

22 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.

24 | © 2018 Aerohive Networks. All Rights Reserved.