Multi Tap Transformer
Multi Tap Transformer
Multi Tap Transformer
by:
Cunanan, Denier J.
Custudio, John Vinz
De claro, Ellaine P.
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
XI. REFERENCES
Websites:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/video-lectures/transformers-part-1/
https://www.quora.com/What-happens-when-the-supply-frequency-of-a-
transformer-increases
https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-transformers/
https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2018/01/introduction-to-transformer.html
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=546444
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformer/multiple-winding-
transformers.html
XII. APPENDICES
We would like to express our gratitude towards the people who made
these things possible.
First of all Engr. Alexander T. Montero, for guiding us of this project and
giving us the answers we need in times of confusion. Moreover helping us to
discover out our hidden creativity and skills in this project.
Our friends and classmates in times of trouble, they are there answering
our questions.
Our parents, Mr. and Mrs. Cunanan, Mr. and Mrs. Custodio and Mr. and
De claro, For our financial and moral needs also for giving us motivation to finish
this project. And thank you for bringing the best in us in all ways possible.
And last to the Lord God Almighty, in Him who made all these things
possible. With all his grace, knowledge and wisdom nothing can hinder us from
finishing this project. We lift to Him all our problems that we encounter in this
project and we know it is Him who will make a way for us to finish this. He made
us finish this project in time. Thank you!
ABSTRACT
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit
to another by magnetic coupling with no moving parts. A transformer comprises
two or more coupled windings, or a single tapped winding and, in most cases, a
magnetic core to concentrate magnetic flux. A changing current in one winding
creates a time-varying magnetic flux in the core, which induces a voltage in the
other windings. Michael Faraday built the first transformer, although he used it
only to demonstrate the principle of electromagnetic induction and did not
foresee the use to which it would eventually be put. The transformer is one of the
simplest of electrical devices, yet transformer designs and materials continue to
be improved. Transformers are essential for high voltage power transmission,
which makes long distance transmission economically practical. This advantage
was the principal factor in the selection of alternating current power transmission
in the "War of Currents" in the late 1880s.
Lists of Figures
Figure No. Title Page No.
Lists of Tables
Table No. Title Page No.
1 Component Breakdown 13
.....
CHAPTER I
In 1881, in Paris, Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs demonstrated the
first commercially successful transformer. In 1886, William Stanley would build
upon Gaulard and Gibbs' idea to provide alternating current electrification to
offices and stores on Main Street in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
Project Objectives
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The alternating
voltage leads to
alternating By stepping
current through down the
Input an AC
the magnetic voltage output
220 volts wires which of 5,10,15,20
INPUTflux is
bearing volts
produced
INPUT
consequently
the EMF also.
Since then, transformer is one of the most important part in every sector
including generation, transmission, distribution & utilization of electrical energy.
Most importantly transformers (power & distribution) have efficiency above
95%.And hence we can efficiently transmit electricity from one voltage level to
other.
Education sectors
The project aims to provide students, and even the educators, assistance
regarding the study of Electronics/Electrical. They can see how it works well and
also it was detailed from the computation up to application.
For researchers
This project can be a reference for future researchers that will be dealing
with the same topic or to any kind of testing equipment of transformer and other
use of it.
The project is intended to use magnet copper wire, E I core, and insulating
paper, bobbin, copper wire and terminal wiring .The project is limited to the
construction and demonstration of a transformer with 220 volts in the primary and
5,10,15,20 volts in the secondary.
Definition of Terms
Block Diagram. A diagram in which the essential parts of a system or process are
presented by labeled rectangles.
E I Core - In an EI-core transformer, the windings are wound around the center
leg of the “E”-shaped core piece, and the “I”-shaped part is joined to the “E” to
form a closed magnetic path. In reality, the thin, stamped “E” and “I” laminations
are stacked up in alternating directions and assembled with a form, or “bobbin,”
containing the pre-made windings. The joint between the “E” and “I” is alternated
between the two sides of the transformer to give the core greater mechanical
strength.
Magnetic wire or copper wire– A conductive material being used in
constructing a transformer which is measured by AWG of wire
Coil Form or Bobbin- A material used the hold the windings based on its shape.
Insulating paper - Transformer insulation paper with high chemical purity means
it is an extremely good insulation material for electrical machines impregnated
with resin, capacitors impregnated with oil or resin, and particularly oil-filled
transformers.
CHAPTER II
Related Literature
There are various types of transformer used in the electrical power
system for different purposes, like generation, distribution and transmission and
utilization of electrical power. The different types of transformer are Step up and
Step down Transformer, Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer,
Instrument transformer comprising current and Potential Transformer, Single
phase and Three phase transformer, Auto transformer, etc.
Step down transformer converts a high primary voltage associated with the low
current into a low voltage, high current. With this type of transformer, the number
of turns in the primary winding is greater than the number of turns in the
secondary winding. If (V2 < V1) the voltage level is lowered on the output side and
is known as Step down transformer
Power Transformer
The power transformers are used in the transmission networks of higher
voltages. The ratings of the power transformer are as follows 400 KV, 200 KV,
110 KV, 66 KV, 33 KV. They are mainly rated above 200 MVA. Mainly installed at
the generating stations and transmission substations. They are designed for
maximum efficiency of 100%. They are larger in size as compared to distribution
transformer.
Distribution Transformer
This type of transformer has lower ratings like 11 KV, 6.6 KV, 3.3 KV, 440
V and 230 V. They are rated less than 200 MVA and used in the distribution
network to provide voltage transformation in the power system by stepping down
the voltage level where the electrical energy is distributed and utilized at the
consumer end. The primary coil of the distribution transformer is wound by
enamel coated copper or aluminium wire. A thick ribbon of aluminium and copper
is used to make secondary of the transformer which is high current, low voltage
winding. Resin impregnated paper and oil is used for the insulation purpose.
Cooling
Insulating the windings
Protecting from the moisture
The various types of the distribution transformer are categorized on the following
basis and is shown in the figure below
Mounting location
Type of insulation
Nature of supply
Current Transformer
The current transformer is used for measuring and also for the protection.
When the current in the circuit is high to apply directly to the measuring
instrument, the current transformer is used to transform the high current into the
desired value of the current required in the circuit.
The primary winding of the current transformer is connected in series to the main
supply and the various measuring instruments like ammeter, voltmeter,
wattmeter or protective relay coil. They have accurate, current ratio and phase
relation to enable the meter accurately on the secondary side. The term ratio has
a great significance in CT.
Potential Transformer
The potential transformer is also called as the voltage transformer. The
primary winding is connected across the High voltage line whose voltage is to be
measured, and all the measuring instruments and meters are connected to the
secondary side of the transformer. The main function of the Potential transformer
is to step down the voltage level to a safe limit or value. The primary winding of
the potential transformer is earthed or grounded as a safety point.
Synthesis
A 220 to 5,10,15,20 volts multi tap transformer has many advantages. Because
it has multiple outputs which has different value of voltages, it can use
simultaneously or one at a time, it is also efficient and effective to the load it will
supply.
CHAPTER III
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
Project Design
5v
10v
220v 15v
20v
System Overview
Project Assembly and Test Procedures
Assembly Procedures
Test Procedures
Testing the device would determine the goodness of the design in terms of its
structure stability, efficiency and effectiveness and quality of the design project.
Using the final test, by having an required input voltage of 220 and but
having a load at secondary it will run and can be see that it is functioning well
specially when the load operate. And using a voltmeter, the output voltage can
be seen if it meets the required output voltage of 5,10,15,20 volts.
Figure 3. Gantt chart of the transformer project
CHAPTER IV
TECHNICAL STUDY
Base on the block diagram shown below you can know how each of the
components will interact with one another in order to work as a system. It also
shows how the single component flows to the others to make them work. In this
diagram we can easily see and understand if the project we made is working to
response the other device that will be supplied by our device.
Voltage is Secondary
winding will enter
going through the vicinity of
Input AC the conductors flux of primary
source Voltage of primary winding causes
windings electricity to flow
Voltage is
being reduced
Load can be with the step
supplied by the down
transformer transformer
5,10,15,20 volts
Schematic Diagram
System Overview
CHAPTER V
Summary
Conclusion
Be knowledgeable of all electronic components. With this, doing an
electronic device will be easy to do. The function of each will be the determinant,
if this specific component will be used in a device. Also, knowing about the
device function will be a great addition to know what components to be used.
Recommendations
We recommend to use different power supplies knowing the specific use
of each. Here are the different power supplies and there uses:
APPENDICES
Curriculum Vitae
NAME: MARVIN RANCES COMIA
BIRTHDAY: June 6, 1996
AGE: 19 yrs. old
ADDRESS: Acacia Park Homes, Saimsim, Calamba City,
Laguna
MOBILE NO.:
EMAIL ADDRESS:
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Angels of the Lord School of Calamba
ELEMENTARY:
Maranatha Christian Academy
HIGHSCHOOL:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
COLLEGE: 3rd Year
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Eastern Laguna College
ELEMENTARY:
Eastern Laguna College
Paete Nativity Montessori School
SECONDARY:
Little Shepherd Business and Science Highschool
COLLEGE:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Lady of Rose Academy
ELEMENTARY:
Lady of Rose Academy
SECONDARY:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
COLLEGE:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)