Essay Ass. King Urukagina

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Why do you think King Urukagina was concerned about making the

laws more fair and prohibiting the rich and the clerics from taking
advantage of the poor? Why do you think King Hammurabi thought it
was necessary to protect the weak from the strong and enlighten
the land? Why do you think that the concept of writing down the
laws had to keep being discovered?

Urukagina implemented a sweeping set of laws to guarantee the rights of


property owners, reformed the civil administration, and instituted moral and social
reforms. Urukagina banned both civil and ecclesiastical authorities from seizing land
and goods for payment, eliminated most of the state tax collectors, and ended state
involvement in matters such as divorce proceedings and perfume making. He even
returned land and other property his predecessors had seized from the temple. He saw
that reforms were enacted to eliminate the abuse of the judicial process to extract
money from

Ensi Urukagina set about making some changes. He dismissed many corrupt
officials, the chief boatmen, head herdsmen and fishery inspectors who had seized
private property. He confiscated the estates of the ensi and placed them under the
jurisdiction of the gods Urukagina removed many court officials, including supervisors
who controlled the grain tax. He dismissed the priests who had taken bribes and the
temple administrators who had shared tax revenues with the ensi. Then Urukagina set
limits on the amount that the priests could collect for their religious rituals and their fees
for burying the dead. He cancelled debt-slavery and declared a general amnesty for the
citizens of Lagash, even for criminals, even for thieves and murderers (“their prison he
cleared out”). Last but not least, he provided charity for the poor and the elderly. In all of
these actions Urukagina claimed he was directed by the gods. All of these reforms were
carefully recorded on Urukagina’s cones and tablets to ensure that “the orphan or
widow to the powerful will not be subjugated”. Urukagina's “Liberty Cones”
are the world’s first documented effort to establish the basic legal rights of citizens.

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