Chapter Three Methodology: Wiredu (2019)

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
Wiredu (2019) denoted that the word methodology is a system of specific guidelines and
processes for studies and for assessing information allegations. This chapter converses the
population and sample size, the research plan, instrumentation, data collection technique and
data analysis technique.
3.1 Study Design
The objective of this study is to determine the level knowledge and causes of hospital acquired
infection among patients. This included examining the knowledge level of patients about hospital
acquired infection, to identify the causes of hospital acquired infection and also to point out
some of the preventive measures of hospital acquired infections.
Therefore, this research was organised in the context of a descriptive research approach.
Descriptive research is described as a technique of study that explains the features of the
researched population or event. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were
utilised in this study. The qualitative descriptive design describes people’s life experiences
regarding a particular phenomenon (Polit & Beck, 2010). Qualitative descriptive design allowed
the researchers to achieve the objective of this study.
The study will be conducted at Suntreso Government Hospital, and is about 10 minutes’ drive
from Kumasi Township. The hospital is found on Sunyani road and it shares boundaries with
Sofoline and Abrepo in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA), Ashanti Region.
It renders services to the population in Kumasi, especially those residences at Sofoline, Bantam,
and Adum and also nearby towns.

3.2 The Population Size
Simons (2009) a research population is a survey of a group of people belonging to the over-all
population who share a common feature, such as age, sex or other common feature, which is the
primary focus of a scientific inquiry. People, individuals, animals, objects can form the
population of research.
Creswell & Zhang (2009) explicated that population type is in two forms, i.e.: targeted and
accessible populations. The population of this work will be drawn from all patients at Suntreso
Government Hospital.
3.3 Sampling and Sampling Techniques
A sample is a lesser set of a population that is used to draw inferences about the greater set
(Simons, 2009). Purposive sampling technique which is probability sampling methods will be
used. A total number of 100 Hospital Acquired Infection patients will be pick as the sample size.
3.4 Research Collection
Research Instruments are measurement tools (for example, questionnaires, or scales) designed to
obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects (Nicoll, and Beyea, 1997). Research
Instruments are measuring instruments for obtaining information from research subjects on a
topic of concern.
The primary source data were gathered for this study. The study was performed from October 6,
2019, to January 18, 2019, on the sample size of 115 respondent. The respondent were made to
answer questionnaires on the knowledge level and prevention of HAIs and also in other to
ascertain the cause of HAIs the respondents were interviewed. Respondents demographic were
sampled to aid the research bring clarity to the study.

3.5 Validity of the Research Instrument
Both the interview guide and the questionnaires were pretested on five patients, three nurses,
three and medical officers. The pre-test helped researchers to modify questions for clarity. The
pre-test also helped to ensure that the data collected answered the research questions. The
questionnaire was self-administered and required about 15 minutes to be completed.
The research team had prolonged interactions with the participants to ensure an in-depth
understanding of emerging findings. Data transcriptions and coding were done by the research
team to ensure that the correct experiences and views of the participants were reported.
Discussion of themes by the research team was done to ensure correct representations of
participants. Study participants were consulted for their comments on themes to make sure it
represented their views.
3.6 Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
The permission to conduct the research was undertaken by the competent authorities and the
ethics committee within the hospital. All participants had the opportunity to accept or decline
their participation in the study. Also they were provided that their ethical rights would be
respected, such as anonymously, confidentiality.
3.7 Data Analysis
Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS), version 22. Descriptive data were presented in tables by mean, standard
deviation, and percentage where it was needed.
With the interviewed guide themes were developed through content analysis of data collected
Transcripts were read several times by the team to identify codes. The team used similar code to
create families and similar families grouped together as themes. Themes were discussed by all
researchers to make sure they reflected the phenomenon that was captured during data collection.
Some participants were also consulted to make sure the themes developed represented their
views.

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CHAPTER THREE

data analysis technique.

3.1 Study Design

some of the preventive measures of hospital acquired infections.

the researchers to achieve the objective of this study.

and Adum and also nearby towns.

3.3 Sampling and Sampling Techniques

3.4 Research Collection

sampled to aid the research bring clarity to the study.

questionnaire was self-administered and required about 15 minutes to be completed.

represented their views.

3.6 Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

respected, such as anonymously, confidentiality.

3.7 Data Analysis

deviation, and percentage where it was needed.

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