UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING

(FKAAB)

SEMESTER 2 2019/2020

CIVIL ENGINEERING SOFTWARE

BFC43201

SECTION 1

GROUP 12

PROJECT

LECTURER

Ts. Dr. MOHD ARIFF BIN AHMAD NAZRI

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

ISKANDAR BIN ABDUL RAHIM CF170009

HAFIZUL ZAIDAN CF170121

HAZIM BIN ZULKIIFLI CF170053

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CONTENT PAGE

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIWE 6

CHAPTER 3 METHODLGY 8

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 24

REFERNCES

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
HEC-RAS is a one-dimensional steady flow hydraulic model designed to aid hydraulic
engineers in channel flow analysis and floodplain determination. The results of the model
can be applied in floodplain management and flood insurance studies. If you recall from
hydraulics, steady flow describes conditions in which depth and velocity at a given channel
location do not change with time. Gradually varied flow is characterized by minor changes
in water depth and velocity from cross-section to cross-section. The primary procedure
used by HEC-RAS to compute water surface profiles assumes a steady, gradually varied
flow scenario, and is called the direct step method. The basic computational procedure is
based on an iterative solution of the energy equation:

,
which states that the total energy (H) at any given location along the stream is the sum of
potential energy (Z + Y) and kinetic energy (aV2/2g). The change in energy between two
cross-sections is called head loss (hL). The energy equation parameters are illustrated in the
following graphic:

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 Given the flow and water surface elevation at one cross-section, the goal of the direct
step method is to compute the water surface elevation at the adjacent cross-section. Whether
the computations proceed from upstream to downstream or vice versa, depends on the flow
regime. The dimensionless Froude number (Fr) is used to characterize flow regime, where:

• Fr < 1 denotes subcritical flow

• Fr > 1 denotes supercritical flow
• Fr = 1 denotes critical flow

For a subcritical flow scenario, which is very common in natural and man-made
channels, direct step computations would begin at the downstream end of the reach, and
progress upstream between adjacent cross-sections. For supercritical flow, the
computations would begin at the upstream end of the reach and proceed downstream.

1.2 Problem Statement

Alur C is to be designed so that the water does not overflowed to the bank. Based on
the data given, several channels were needed for modifications. The elevation and the
bottom width were modified as required.

1.3 Objective
i. To analyze the effectiveness of the drain.
ii. To determine the section modification needed to prevent flooding.

1.4 Study Area

Alur C is to be designed that the drain will have the ability to hold the water for the
period of 5 years, 20 years and 50 years. The catchment area must be ensured to prevent
flooding throughout the periods. The software that will be used to analyze the drain section
is the HEC-RAS software. Necessary modifications can be made in order to obtain the
effective design of the drain. This software allows you to perform one-dimensional steady
flow, unsteady flow, and sediment transport calculations. The data required for analyze are
given in the table below.

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 Table 1: The data given for respective.

Chainage (m) Discharge (m3/s)

5 years 20 years 50 years
0-800 8.64 11.47 15.12
800-1000 5.16 6.85 9.02
1000-1377.5 0.80 1.36 1.83

Table 2: The data given for discharge values.

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The HEC-RAS system contains several river analysis components for: (1) steady flow
water surface profile computations; (2) one- and two-dimensional unsteady flow
simulation; (3) movable boundary sediment transport computations; and (4) water quality
analysis. A key element is, that all four components use a common geometric data
representation and common geometric and hydraulic computation routines. In addition to
these river analysis components, the system contains several hydraulic design features that
can be invoked once the basic water surface profiles are computed.

i. Steady Flow Water Surface Profiles

- This component of the modeling system is intended for calculating water
surface profiles for steady gradually varied flow. The system can handle a full
network of channels, a dendritic system, or a single river reach. The steady flow
component is capable of modeling subcritical, supercritical, and mixed flow
regimes water surface profiles. The basic computational procedure is based on
the solution of the one-dimensional energy equation.
ii. One- and Two-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Simulation
- This component of the HEC-RAS modeling system is capable of simulating one
–dimensional, two-dimensional; and combined one/two-dimensional unsteady
flow through a full network of open channels, floodplains, and alluvial fans. The
unsteady flow component can be used to performed subcritical, supercritical,
and mixed flow regime (subcritical, supercritical, hydraulic jumps, and
drawdowns) calculations in the unsteady flow computations module. The
hydraulic calculations for cross-sections, bridges, culverts, and other hydraulic
structures that were developed for the steady flow component were incorporated
into the unsteady flow module.

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iii. Sediment Transport/Movable Boundary Computations
- This component of the modeling system is intended for the simulation of one-
dimensional sediment transport/movable boundary calculations resulting from
scour and deposition over moderate time periods (typically years, although
applications to single flood events are possible). This system can be used to
evaluate deposition in reservoirs, design channel contractions required to
maintain navigation depths, predict the influence of dredging on the rate of
deposition, estimate maximum possible scour during large flood events, and
evaluate sedimentation in fixed channels.
iv. Water Quality Analysis
- This component of the modeling system is intended to allow the user to perform
riverine water quality analyses. An advection-dispersion module is included
with this version of HEC–RAS, adding the capability to model water
temperature. This new module uses the QUICKEST-ULTIMATE explicit
numerical scheme to solve the one-dimensional advection dispersion equation
using a control volume approach with a fully implemented heat energy budget.

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 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

The objectives stated can be reached provided sufficient approach. The first step
towards the goal always starts with knowing everything about it. Thus, the literature review
is significance in completing this project. The books and journals proved a rich source of
knowledge in this regard and were thoroughly studied.

The data given was analyzed through the software (HEC-RAS). Initially, the
specifications of the river section which consist of the upstream and the downstream,
Manning’s roughness coefficient, Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) and the riverbanks
boundary were inserted as the input data. A steady flow analysis was then being carried out
to compute the water surface profiles. Next, the cross-section of the river was observed.
The ARI was set to 50 years where the section is considered safe if the water level is below
the water bank. Channel design modifications were made at respective sections where the
river is overflowed.

The river modifications involved the input of new set of data regarding the
elevation, bottom width as well as the right and left slope. Cut and fill were chosen for
modifications and were designed in the most economical way. Once the modifications had
been carried out, the river cross-sections were compared with the actual layout prior the
modifications to analyze whether the changes needed to be improved or not. The total
volume of cut and fill were displayed in the table provided.

Conclusions were drawn from the results and analysis with future recommendations
for better analysis were given.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Picture 1: Geometry data

Picture 2: Steady flow data

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Picture 3: Bridge culvert data

Picture 4: Culvert data

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Picture 5: Deck/Roadway Data

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Picture 6: Section CH0 before

Picture 7: Section CH0 after

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Picture 8: Section CH200m before

Picture 9: Section CH200m After

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Picture 10: Section CH300m Before

Picture 11: Section CH300m After

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Picture 12: Section CH450m Before

Picture 13: Section CH450m After

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Picture 14: Section CH600m Before

Picture 15: Section CH600m After

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Picture 16: Section CH700m Before

Picture 17: Section CH700m After

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Picture 18: Section CH900m Before

Picture 19: Section CH900m After

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Picture 20: Section CH1150m Before

Picture 21: Section CH1150m After

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Picture 22: Section CH1377.5m Before

Picture 23: Section CH1377.5m After

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 Picture 24: Section culvert at upstream

Picture 25: Section culvert at downstream

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Picture 26: 3 dimensions of 2 box culvert in between section channel CH0 and CH200m

Picture 27: Different water level from upstream to downstream

• The road type is Jalan Utama with 30m width of the highway
• Culvert is in between section channel CH0 and CH200m
• The type of box culvert is super box culvert with size 3300mm x 1500 mm

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Properties of super box culvert

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 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION

As the conclusion, the channel modifications for the SG. Petani section is valid to be
applied as it has the ability to hold the amount of river water over the period of 50 years. The
channel section is important to be modified to its allowed size to prevent overflowed water
flooding the nearby residential or crop area. Flood can give great effect of loss if it is were to
happen. Therefore, any amendments to the river that can help in increasing the river capacity
should be considered to be carried out provided the cost is economical and based on JKR
standard. Both the objectives are believed to be fulfilled referring to all the analysis that have
been carried out. Besides, the improvement of the system might concern the installation of
culvert to allow more water to flow shows to make sure there was no overflow for section of
river. By knows the size culvert where suitable for use it will estimate the cost and it will make
less than the cut and fill method.

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REFERENCES

Referent of box culvert

http://www.api.com.my/images/Catalogue/Precast-Concrete-U-Shape-Drain-Box-Culvert-
Arch.pdf

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