Cleopatra Inicial
Cleopatra Inicial
Cleopatra Inicial
Author Manuscript
Lancet Oncol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 July 01.
Published in final edited form as:
NIH-PA Author Manuscript
Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain (J Cortés MD); Center for Breast Cancer, National
Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea (J Ro MD); NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St
Petersburg, Russia (V Semiglazov MD); Institut de Cancérologie de l’OUEST, Centre René
Gauducheau, Saint Herblain-Nantes, France (M Campone MD); University Hospital 12 de
Octubre, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain (E Ciruelos MD); Centre Antoine
Lacassagne, Nice, France (J-M Ferrero MD); National Center for Tumor Diseases, University
Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (A Schneeweiss MD); Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United
Kingdom (A Knott PhD, E Clark MSc, G Ross MD, FFPM); Genentech, South San Francisco, CA,
USA (MC Benyunes MD); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New
York, NY, USA (J Baselga MD, PhD)
Summary
Background—Primary results from the randomised, double-blind phase 3 study CLEOPATRA
demonstrated significantly improved median progression-free survival (PFS) with pertuzumab
plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with
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human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive first-line metastatic breast cancer
(MBC). Overall survival (OS) data at the primary analysis showed a strong trend in favour of the
Corresponding author: Sandra M. Swain, M.D., FACP, Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110
Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA, Telephone: +1 202 877 8112, Fax: +1 202 877 8113,
[email protected].
Contributors
SMS, JC, AS, GR, and JB were involved in the conception and design of the study. S-BK, JR, VS, MC, J-MF, AS, and MCB
contributed to data collection and assembly. SMS, S-BK, JC, ECi, J-MF, AS, AK, ECl, GR, MCB, and JB interpreted and analysed
the data. All authors were involved in the writing and reviewing of the manuscript and approved the final version for submission.
Conflicts of interest
SMS discloses an uncompensated consultant/advisory role for Roche/Genentech; her institution has received research funding from
Roche/Genentech, Agendia, and Pfizer/PUMA. JC is a consultant for Roche, Celgene, and Novartis and has received honoraria from
Roche, Celgene, Novartis, and Eisai. J-MF has received honoraria from Roche, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis. AS is a consultant for
Roche and Sanofi-Aventis and has received honoraria from both companies. AK, ECl, and GR are employees of Roche Products
Limited. ECl discloses stock ownership from AstraZeneca. GR discloses stock ownership from Roche and GlaxoSmithKline; an
immediate family member owns stocks from GlaxoSmithKline. MCB is an employee of Genentech. JB discloses a consultant/advisory
role for Roche/Genentech and Sanofi-Aventis. S-BK, JR, VS, MC, and ECi have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Swain et al. Page 2
pertuzumab arm but did not reach statistical significance. Here we report confirmatory OS results
after one additional year of follow-up.
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Findings—In the intent-to-treat population (808 patients), 267 deaths had occurred at data cut-
off (placebo arm: 154 of 406 [37·9%], pertuzumab arm: 113 of 402 [28·1%]). Treatment with
pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel resulted in a 34% reduction in the risk of death
during the course of the study (HR=0·66; 95% CI 0·52–0·84; p=0·0008). Median OS was 37·6
months in the placebo arm and was not yet reached in the pertuzumab arm. A descriptive follow-
up analysis of investigator-assessed PFS showed a median PFS of 12·4 and 18·7 months in the
placebo versus pertuzumab arm (HR=0·69; 95% CI 0·58–0·81). No new safety concerns were
identified with one additional year of follow-up. Adverse events were similar to those reported at
the primary analysis with respect to incidence, severity, and specificity.
Introduction
Breast cancers with an abnormally high expression of the human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 (HER2) (known as “HER2-positive”) on their cell surface are characterised by a
more aggressive phenotype resulting in adverse disease prognosis.1 Approximately 20% of
breast cancers are HER2-positive.2 Trastuzumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that
specifically targets HER2, significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive breast
cancer.3–7 However, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is incurable and approximately 50% of
patients experience disease progression within 1 year of therapy for their advanced
disease.5;8
demonstrated that the combined targeting of HER2 is superior to the use of one HER2-
targeted agent only. Results from the CLEOPATRA study led to approval of the study
regimen combining pertuzumab, a novel HER2-targeted humanised monoclonal antibody,
with trastuzumab and docetaxel in HER2-positive first-line MBC, first granted by the US
Food and Drug Administration in June 2012. Patients in the pertuzumab arm benefited from
significantly prolonged median progression-free survival (PFS) compared with patients
receiving treatment in the placebo arm.11 Adverse events were generally balanced between
both arms; however, the incidences of diarrhoea, rash, mucosal inflammation, febrile
neutropenia, and dry skin were increased in the pertuzumab arm by more than 5%. The
majority of adverse events were grade 1–2 and occurred during concomitant treatment with
docetaxel.13 An interim analysis of overall survival, conducted at the same time as the
primary analysis of independently assessed PFS, showed a strong trend in favour of
pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel; however, these results were immature.
Following a formal request from European health authorities, an additional, second interim
analysis of overall survival prior to the planned final analysis at 385 deaths was performed.
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Here we report confirmatory overall survival results following one additional year of follow-
up.
Methods
Study design
Full details of this study have been reported previously.11 Briefly, CLEOPATRA was a
randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and
safety of pertuzumab (Perjeta®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech Inc.) plus trastuzumab
(Herceptin®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech Inc.) plus docetaxel (Taxotere®, Sanofi-
Aventis) compared with placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with HER2-
positive MBC who had not received previous chemotherapy or biologic therapy for their
metastatic disease. Primary endpoint was independently assessed PFS; secondary endpoints
included overall survival, PFS by investigator assessment, objective response rate, and
safety. Overall survival was defined as the time from randomisation to death from any
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cause. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Good Clinical
Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. Protocol approval was obtained from an
independent ethics committee for each site and written informed consent was obtained from
each participant.
defined to be reached when any interim analysis of overall survival met the pre-defined
criteria for statistical significance, when approximately 385 overall survival events had been
reached, or when the trial was terminated by the sponsor; whichever occurred first. Hence
patients were not unblinded following the primary analysis of independently assessed PFS
and treatment allocation remained concealed prior to the second interim overall survival
analysis.
Survival follow-up
After the treatment discontinuation visit, survival information was collected via telephone or
clinic visits every 18 weeks (± 1 week) until death, loss to follow-up, withdrawal of consent,
or study termination by the sponsor. In order to minimise the chance of a biased overall
survival estimate resulting from scheduled survival follow-up every 18 weeks, immediately
prior to the data cut-offs for the primary PFS analysis, and for any overall survival analysis,
the investigative sites contacted every patient to confirm their current survival status.
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The log-rank test, with stratification according to prior treatment status and region, was used
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to compare overall survival between arms. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to estimate
the median overall survival in each arm. A Cox proportional-hazard model, with
stratification according to prior treatment status and region, was used to estimate the hazard
ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pre-specified subgroup analyses of overall survival
were performed to determine the consistency of the treatment effect according to key
baseline characteristics.
publication.
Results
The cut-off date for data collection was 14 May 2012, 1 year after the cut-off for the primary
analysis of independently assessed PFS and 22 months after the last patient had been
enrolled. Patient disposition is presented in figure 1.
At the second interim overall survival analysis 267 deaths representing 69% (267 of 385) of
the pre-specified total number of events for the final analysis had occurred. The median
follow-up was 30 months in both arms. The O’Brien-Fleming stopping boundary for the
second interim overall survival analysis was determined based on the number of deaths that
had occurred at the first and second interim overall survival analyses as a proportion of the
number of deaths planned for the final analysis. The stopping boundary at this second
interim overall survival analysis was defined as p≤0·0138 and HR≤0·739. More deaths
occurred in the placebo than in the pertuzumab arm (154 of 406 [37·9%] vs 113 of 402
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[28·1%]). The hazard ratio was 0·66 (95% CI 0·52–0·84; p=0·0008) (figure 2A) and crossed
the pre-specified O’Brien-Fleming stopping boundary of the Lan-DeMets α-spending
function. The overall survival result therefore demonstrates a statistically significant survival
benefit for patients receiving treatment in the pertuzumab arm compared with patients in the
placebo arm. Median overall survival was 37·6 months for patients in the placebo arm and
has not yet been reached for the pertuzumab arm. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed an early
separation that continued over time. The estimated Kaplan-Meier survival rates at 1, 2, and 3
years in the placebo vs the pertuzumab arm were 89·0% vs 94·4%, 69·4% vs 80·7%, and
50·4% vs 65·8%, respectively. The analysis of overall survival in pre-defined subgroups was
consistent with the analysis in the whole intent-to-treat (ITT) population, indicating a
consistent survival benefit with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in all but one
subgroup analysed (figure 2B). An exploratory subgroup analysis was performed for
patients who had received prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab (88 of
808). The observed hazard ratio of 0·68 (95% CI 0·30–1·55) indicates overall survival
benefit in the pertuzumab arm for this subpopulation.
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Due to the pre-specified fixed-sequence testing hierarchy (independently assessed PFS first,
followed by overall survival, then objective response rate), and to the statistical significance
being reached in this second interim overall survival analysis, the difference in objective
response rate of 10·8% points (95% CI 4·2–17·5; p=0·0011) between treatment arms is now
considered statistically significant.
At the time of data cut-off, 296 of 406 (72·9%) patients in the placebo arm and 257 of 402
(63·9%) patients in the pertuzumab arm had experienced a PFS event according to the
investigator. The hazard ratio was 0·69 (95% CI 0·58–0·81) and the median PFS was 12·4
months in the placebo arm versus 18·7 months in the pertuzumab arm (figure 3A), consistent
with results at the primary analysis.11 This descriptive follow-up analysis of investigator-
assessed PFS demonstrated that the PFS benefit observed at the primary analysis was
maintained after an additional year of follow-up. Updated exploratory subgroup analyses
were performed for pre-specified baseline characteristics (figure 3B). The benefit associated
with pertuzumab-based treatment was maintained in all subgroups investigated.
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In the ITT population, 338 of 406 patients in the placebo arm and 298 of 402 patients in the
pertuzumab arm had discontinued study treatment at data cut-off. The proportion of patients
receiving subsequent therapy for breast cancer after discontinuation of study treatment was
similar in both arms (placebo arm: 260 of 338 [76·9%] patients; pertuzumab arm: 225 of 298
[75·5%] patients) (table 1). Treatment allocation remained blinded at discontinuation of
study treatment and pertuzumab was not allowed as subsequent breast cancer therapy.
Within the patient group receiving subsequent breast cancer therapy, treatments were
generally balanced between both arms, with 68·5% of patients (178 of 260) in the placebo
arm and 71·1% of patients (160 of 225) in the pertuzumab arm receiving any HER2-targeted
therapy. Treatment with trastuzumab was continued in 40·4% (105 of 260) and 47·1% (106
of 225) of patients in the placebo and pertuzumab arms, respectively, following
discontinuation of study treatment. The pattern of subsequent use of cytotoxic agents was
also similar in both arms.
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The median time on treatment was longer for patients in the pertuzumab arm compared with
patients in the placebo arm, consistent with a longer median PFS by investigator assessment
in the pertuzumab arm. The exposure to docetaxel was comparable between both arms (table
2). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors were used for the treatment of adverse events in
26·4% (107 of 406) and 28·1% (113 of 402) of patients in the placebo and pertuzumab arms,
respectively.
Overall, adverse events reported at the first data cut-off in May 2011 and after one
additional year of follow-up were similar with respect to incidence, severity, and specificity.
No new safety concerns were identified with longer follow-up. In summary, higher
incidences of at least 5% were reported for diarrhoea, rash, mucosal inflammation, pruritus,
febrile neutropenia, and dry skin (all grades) in patients receiving treatment in the
pertuzumab arm (table 3). The incidences of grade ≥3 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and
diarrhoea were higher in the pertuzumab arm compared with the placebo arm by at least 2%
(table 4). Mucosal inflammation of grade ≥3 was reported in 1·0% of patients (4 of 396) in
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the placebo arm and in 1·5% of patients (6 of 408) in the pertuzumab arm. Following
discontinuation of docetaxel, the incidence of all adverse events decreased considerably;
adverse events of grade ≥3 were rare (tables 3 and 4). However, the frequencies of
diarrhoea, rash, and pruritus remained noticeably elevated in the pertuzumab arm; no
episodes of febrile neutropenia were reported in either arm following discontinuation of
docetaxel. Treatment with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel did not increase the
rate of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) compared with treatment with placebo
plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel (table 5).
In the safety population, 152 of 396 (38·4%) patients in the placebo arm died versus 113 of
408 (27·7%) patients in the pertuzumab arm. The majority of deaths were attributed to
disease progression, with 34·3% (136 of 396 patients) in the placebo arm and 24·5% (100 of
408 patients) in the pertuzumab arm. A similar number of patients in both arms died as a
result of adverse events (placebo arm: 12 of 396 [3·0%] patients; pertuzumab arm: eight of
408 [2·0%] patients). Febrile neutropenia or infections were the most common cause of
death due to an adverse event (placebo arm: five of 396 [1·3%] patients; pertuzumab arm:
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Discussion
This overall survival analysis crossed the pre-specified stopping boundary for statistical
significance, demonstrating that treatment with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel
significantly improved overall survival compared with placebo plus trastuzumab plus
docetaxel and it is therefore considered the confirmatory analysis (HR=0·66; 95% CI 0·52–
0·84; p=0·0008). Median overall survival was 37·6 months for patients in the placebo arm
and had not yet been reached in the pertuzumab arm. The final analysis, planned after 385
overall survival events have been reached, will be a descriptive follow-up analysis only.
Prior to the confirmatory analysis of overall survival the trial remained blinded and cross-
over was not allowed. At the time of data cut-off, 68 of 406 patients in the placebo arm and
104 of 402 patients in the pertuzumab arm were still alive and on study treatment. As a
consequence of the statistically significant survival benefit, cross-over to the pertuzumab
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arm has been offered to patients still receiving study treatment in the placebo arm. Subgroup
analyses of overall survival were consistent with the analysis in the whole ITT population.
Patients with non-visceral disease were the only subgroup in which treatment benefit with
pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel was not demonstrated. It should be noted that
the number of overall survival events was very low in this subgroup. In the placebo arm, 14
of 90 patients died versus 19 of 88 patients in the pertuzumab arm. A thorough investigation
of baseline characteristics for patients with visceral or non-visceral disease showed that, by
chance, some baseline characteristics, such as median treatment-free interval, bone-only
disease, tumour burden, hormone receptor status, HER2 expression status
(immunohistochemistry 3+ vs 2+), and prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with
trastuzumab, were imbalanced in the non-visceral disease group and, as a consequence,
patients receiving treatment in the placebo arm more often presented with characteristics
linked to a favourable disease prognosis. This observation could explain the inconclusive
result for patients with non-visceral disease. Overall, the confirmatory results for overall
survival were consistent with the first interim overall survival analysis and with the primary
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The positive results from CLEOPATRA are encouraging with regards to the efficacy and
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Research in context
Systematic review
Anti-cancer therapies for MBC can delay disease progression and can prolong survival but
metastatic disease remains incurable and will progress eventually. In order to put the overall
survival results reported in CLEOPATRA into context with data from previous phase 2 and
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3 studies in which trastuzumab plus chemotherapy combinations were given for HER2-
positive MBC, we performed a PubMed search using the search terms “overall survival”,
“trastuzumab”, “HER2”, and “metastatic breast cancer”. We restricted the review period to
the past 20 years and included original reports of prospective clinical trials only. The median
overall survival for trastuzumab plus chemotherapy ranged from 1517 to 4818 months (a list
of all publications used in this systematic review is provided in the Appendix). It should be
noted that treatment was given for different lines of HER2-positive MBC and that in some
studies two cytotoxic agents were used plus trastuzumab. Amongst these studies, we
identified three phase 3 studies of trastuzumab–chemotherapy combinations for HER2-
positive first-line MBC with median overall survival of 25·1,4 35·7 and 38·8,8 and 37·1 and
37·4 months,19 respectively.
Interpretation
Due to the heterogeneity of the study populations and differences in study design,
comparisons across different trials are controversial and should be considered with caution.
However, this review suggests that the median overall survival of 37·6 months with
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trastuzumab plus docetaxel observed in the placebo arm of CLEOPATRA is consistent with
results from previous studies in HER2-positive first-line MBC. The survival rates at 1, 2,
and 3 years and the 34% reduction in the risk of death during the course of the study
demonstrate durable clinical benefit for patients given pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus
docetaxel; this is a significant improvement compared with the current standard of care.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Basel, Switzerland) and Genentech Inc. (South San
Francisco, CA, USA), a member of the Roche Group. Targos Molecular Pathology (Kassel, Germany) conducted
central HER2 testing. Support for third-party writing assistance for this manuscript, furnished by Vilma Graupner,
Ph.D., was provided by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
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Lacava, Mario Matwiejuk, Paola Edith Price, Mirta Varela; Brazil: Jurandyr Andrade,
Rodrigo Araujo, Sérgio Azevedo, Eduardo Cortes, Eduardo Costa e Silva, Daniel Cubero,
Gilson Delgado, Maria del Pilar Diz, Brigitte Eyll, Fabio Franke, Roberto Hegg, Gustavo
Ismael, David Jendiroba, José Luiz Pedrini, Rodrigo Pereira, Hélio Pinczowski, Paula
Tokunaga, Célia Tosello; Canada: Christine Brezden-Masley; China: Ying Cheng, Xuenong
Ouyang, Zhenzhou Shen, Xiaojia Wang, Liwei Wang, Tsz Kok Yau, Winnie Yeo; Costa
Rica: Douglas Otero; Croatia: Zeljko Soldic, Damir Vrbanec; Ecuador: Tannia Soria;
Finland: Pirkko Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Seppo Pyrhönen; France: Mario Campone, Bruno
Coudert, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Frank Priou; Germany: Bahriye Aktas, Walter Aulitzky,
Michael Clemens, Eva-Maria Grischke, Maik Hauschild, Marianne Just, Andreas Kirsch,
Sherko Kuemmel, Christoph Maintz, Alexander Marmé, Volkmar Mueller, Marcus Schmidt,
Andreas Schneeweiss, Claudia Schumacher, Christoph Thomssen, Birgitta Wesenberg;
Guatemala: Hugo Castro-Salguero, Cesar Hernandez Monroy, Luis Miguel Zetina-Toache;
Italy: Dino Amadori, Catia Angiolini, Laura Biganzoli, Saverio Cinieri, Teresa Gamucci,
Stefano Iacobelli, Luciano Latini, Filippo Montemurro, Edda Simoncini; Japan: Kenjiro
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Aogi, Hirofumi Fujii, Jun Horiguchi, Kenichi Inoue, Yoshinori Ito, Hiroji Iwata, Masahiro
Kashiwaba, Norio Kohno, Katsumasa Kuroi, Norikazu Masuda, Kazuhiko Nakagami,
Takahiro Nakayama, Reiki Nishimura, Haruki Ogata, Yoshiaki Rai, Shigehira Saji,
Yasutsuna Sasaki, Nobuaki Sato, Ken Shimada, Koji Takeda, Yutaka Tokuda, Koichiro
Tsugawa, Takayuki Ueno, Junichiro Watanabe; Korea: Young-Hyuck Im, Seock-Ah Im,
Sung Bae Kim, Yong Wha Moon, Jungsil Ro, Joo Hyuk Sohn; Latvia: Elza Grincuka, Iveta
Kudaba, Gunta Purkalne; Macedonia: Liljana Kostovska-Maneva, Petar Stefanovski;
Mexico: Gloria Martinez, Gabriel Tellez; Philippines: Priscilla Caguioa, Valorie Chan,
Dennis Tudtud; Poland: Malgorzata Foszczynska-Kloda, Tadeusz Pienkowski, Wojciech
Polkowski, Elzbieta Starosławska, Piotr Tomczak; Russia: Vera Gorbunova, Evgeny
Gotovkin, Igor Kiselev, Mikhail Kopp, Mikhail Lichinitser, Vladimir Merkulov, Laslo
Roman, Vladimir Semiglazov, Vadim Shirinkin; Singapore: Soo Chin Lee, Zee Wan Wong;
Spain: Emilio Alba Conejo, Norberto Batista, Lourdes Calvo, Eva Ciruelos, Javier Cortés,
Miguel Gil i Gil, Antonio Gonzalez, Javier Hornedo Muguiro, Serafin Morales, Nuria
Ribelles Entrena, Susana de la Cruz Sánchez, Pedro Sanchez Rovira; Thailand: Wichit
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Polikoff, Sue J. Prill, Robert C. Quackenbush, Robert Robles, Gladys Rodriguez, Francis
Senecal, Priyanka Sharma, Raymond Smith, Darcy Spicer, Sandra M. Swain, Julie A.
Taguchi, Charles L. Vogel, David M. Waterhouse, Sanjay Yadav, Denise Aysel Yardley
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Figure 1.
CONSORT diagram
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Figure 2B shows hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overall survival in all pre-
specified subgroups according to baseline characteristics. It should be noted that the number
of patients with unknown hormone receptor status was very small (n=12) resulting in very
wide 95% confidence intervals.
CI, confidence interval; D, docetaxel; ER, oestrogen receptor; FISH, fluorescence in situ
hybridisation; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor; HR, hazard ratio; IHC,
immunohistochemistry; PgR, progesterone receptor; Pla, placebo; Ptz, pertuzumab; T,
trastuzumab
Race was determined by the investigator. The category of “Other” includes American Indian
and Alaska Native.
unknown hormone receptor status was not quantifiable due to the small number of patients
in this group.
CI, confidence interval; D, docetaxel; ER, oestrogen receptor; FISH, fluorescence in situ
hybridisation; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor; HR, hazard ratio; IHC,
immunohistochemistry; PgR, progesterone receptor; Pla, placebo; Ptz, pertuzumab; T,
trastuzumab
Race was determined by the investigator. The category of “Other” includes American Indian
and Alaska Native.
Table 1
Breast cancer therapies following discontinuation of study treatment in patients who had withdrawn from
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study treatment
n=260 n=225
*
Excluding pertuzumab
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Table 2
Study treatment
Median number of cycles (range) 15 (1–62) 24 (1–66)
Median time on treatment, months 11·4 17·4
Docetaxel
Median number of cycles (range) 8 (1–41) 8 (1–42)
Median dose intensity, mg/m2/week 24·8 24·6
Table 3
Adverse events (all grades) overall (≥25% incidence or ≥5% difference between arms) and after
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discontinuation of docetaxel
Adverse event, n (%) Overall (n=396) Post docetaxel (n=260) Overall (n=408) Post docetaxel (n=303)
Diarrhoea 191 (48·2) 35 (13·5) 278 (68·1) 78 (25·7)
Table 4
Adverse events (grade ≥3) overall (≥2% incidence) and after discontinuation of docetaxel
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Adverse event, n (%) Overall (n=396) Post docetaxel (n=260) Overall (n=408) Post docetaxel (n=303)
Neutropenia 182 (46·0) 4 (1·5) 200 (49·0) 0 (0·0)
Table 5
Cardiac tolerability
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Data cut-off date May 2011 (n=397) May 2012 (n=396) May 2011 (n=407) May 2012 (n=408)
LVSD (all grades) 33 (8·3) 34 (8·6) 18 (4·4) 22 (5·4)
LVEF decline to <50% and by ≥10% points from 25/379 (6·6) 28/378 (7·4) 15/393 (3·8) 18/394 (4·6)
baseline*
LVEF recovery to ≥50%* 18/25 (72·0) 25/28 (89·3) 13/15 (86·7) 16/18 (88·9)
LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction
*
In patients with post-baseline LVEF assessment
†
There were six patients in the placebo arm with LVSD grade ≥3 that was not considered symptomatic by the investigator
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