IKIGAI: THE JAPANESE SECRET TO A LONG AND

HAPPY LIFE BOOK SUMMARY

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 • This book covers many topics related to the “art of living.”
• The authors define ikigai and the rules of ikigai; they conducted a total of one
hundred interviews in Ogimi, Okinawa to try to understand the longevity secrets
of centenarians and supercentenarians.
• “What do Japanese artisans, engineers, Zen philosophy, and cuisine have in
common? Simplicity and attention to detail.”
• “The authors of this book wish you a long, happy, and purposeful life.”

WHAT IS IKIGAI?
• In Japanese, ikigai is written by combining the symbols that mean “life” with “to
be worthwhile.”
• “Translates roughly as ‘the happiness of always being busy.'”
• “There is a passion inside you, a unique talent that gives meaning to your days
and drives you to share the best of yourself until the very end. If you don’t know
what your ikigai is yet, as Viktor Frankl says, your mission is to discover it.”
• “Our ikigai is different for all of us, but one thing we have in common is that we
are all searching for meaning. When we spend our days feeling connected to
what is meaningful to us, we live more fully; when we lose the connection, we
feel despair.”
• “Our ikigai is hidden deep inside each of us, and finding it requires a patient
search. According to those born on Okinawa, the island with the most
centenarians in the world, our ikigai is the reason we get up in the morning.”
• “Once you discover your ikigai, pursuing it and nurturing it every day will bring
meaning to your life.”
• “They have an important purpose in life, or several. They have an ikigai, but
they don’t take it too seriously. They are relaxed and enjoy all that they do.”
• “One thing that everyone with a clearly defined ikigai has in common is that
they pursue their passion no matter what.”
THE 10 RULES OF IKIGAI
1. Stay active; don’t retire.
2. Take it slow.
3. Don’t fill your stomach.
4. Surround yourself with good friends.
5. Get in shape for your next birthday.
6. Smile.
7. Reconnect with nature.
8. Give thanks.
9. Live in the moment.
10. Follow your ikigai.
STRESS & EXISTENTIAL CRISIS:

• “Many people seem older than they are. Research into the causes of
premature aging has shown that stress has a lot to do with it.”
• “The American Institute of Stress investigated this degenerative process and
concluded that most health problems are caused by stress.”
• “Existential crisis, on the other hand, is typical of modern societies in which
people do what they are told to do, or what others do, rather than what they
want to do. They often try to fill the gap between what is expected of them and
what they want for themselves with economic power or physical pleasure, or
by numbing their senses.”
• “Those who give up the things they love doing and do well lose their purpose in
life. That’s why it’s so important to keep doing things of value, making
progress, bringing beauty or utility to others, helping out, and shaping the world
around you, even after your ‘official’ professional activity has ended.”

MORITA THERAPY:

• “Many Western forms of therapy focus on controlling or modifying the patient’s

emotions. In the West, we tend to believe that what we think influences how we
feel, which in turn influences how we act. In contrast, Morita therapy focuses
on teaching patients to accept their emotions without trying to control them,
since their feelings will change as a result of their actions.”
• “Logotherapy and Morita therapy are both grounded in a personal, unique
experience that you can access without therapists or spiritual retreats: the
mission of finding your ikigai, your existential fuel. Once you find it, it is only a
matter of having the courage and making the effort to stay on the right path.”

FLOW:

• “The happiest people are not the ones who achieve the most. They are the
ones who spend more time than others in a state of flow.”
• “In order to achieve this optimal experience, we have to focus on increasing the
time we spend on activities that bring us to this state of flow, rather than
allowing ourselves to get caught up in activities that offer immediate pleasure.”
• “Concentrating on one thing at a time may be the single most important factor
in achieving flow.”
• “Japanese people often apply themselves to even the most basic tasks with an
intensity that borders on obsession.”
• “Our ability to turn routine tasks into moments of microflow, into something we
enjoy, is key to our being happy, since we all have to do such tasks.”
• “Artists, for example, who carry the torch of their ikigai instead of retiring, have
this power. Art, in all its forms, is an ikigai that can bring happiness and
purpose to our days. Enjoying or creating beauty is free, and something all
human beings have access to.”
 • “Artists know how important it is to protect their space, control their
environment, and be free of distractions if they want to flow with their ikigai.”
• “Many such artists might seem misanthropic or reclusive, but what they are
really doing is protecting the time that brings them happiness, sometimes at the
expense of other aspects of their lives. They are outliers who apply the
principles of flow to their lives to an extreme.”
• According to Csikszentmihalyi, in order to focus on a task we need:
• 1. To be in a distraction-free environment
• 2. To have control over what we are doing at every moment

OGIMI, OKINAWA:

• “We realized right away that time seems to have stopped there, as though the
entire town were living in an endless here and now.”
• “Many Japanese people never really retire—they keep doing what they love for
as long as their health allows.”
• “The Japanese are skilled at bringing nature and technology together: not man
versus nature, but rather a union of the two.”
• “Okinawans live by the principle of ichariba chode, a local expression that
means ‘treat everyone like a brother, even if you’ve never met them before.'”
• Celebrations seem to be an essential part of life in Ogimi.

SLOW LIVING:

• “Being in a hurry is inversely proportional to quality of life. As the old saying

goes, ‘Walk slowly and you’ll go far.’ When we leave urgency behind, life and
time take on new meaning.”
• “Looking back, our days in Ogimi were intense but relaxed—sort of like the
lifestyle of the locals, who always seemed to be busy with important tasks but
who, upon closer inspection, did everything with a sense of calm. They were
always pursuing their ikigai, but they were never in a rush.”
• “They are always busy, but they occupy themselves with tasks that allow them
to relax. We didn’t see a single old grandpa sitting on a bench doing nothing.”
• “The restaurant is right by the sea and seems like something from the planet
Tatooine, from Star Wars. The menu boasts in large letters that it serves ‘slow
food‘ prepared with organic vegetables grown in the town.”

SECRETS OF THE CENTENARIANS & SUPERCENTENARIANS:

• “Over the course of a week we conducted a total of one hundred interviews,

asking the eldest members of the community about their life philosophy, their
ikigai, and the secrets to longevity:

o Don’t worry
• Cultivate good habits
 • Nurture your friendships every day
• Live an unhurried life
• Be optimistic”
• “Eat and sleep, and you’ll live a long time. You have to learn to relax.” — Misao
Okawa (117 years old)
• “I’ve never eaten meat in my life.” — María Capovilla (116)
• “Everything’s fine.” — Jeanne Calment (122)
• “Your mind and your body. You keep both busy, you’ll be here a long time.”
— Walter Breuning (114)
• “I just haven’t died yet.” — Alexander Imich (111)
• “Food won’t help you live longer…The secret is smiling and having a good
time.”
• “My secret to a long life is always saying to myself, ‘Slow down,’ and ‘Relax.’
You live much longer if you’re not in a hurry.” (Note: Hooray for more slow
living!)
• “The key to staying sharp in old age is in your fingers. From your fingers to
your brain, and back again. If you keep your fingers busy, you’ll live to see one
hundred.”

LONGEVITY DIET:

• “One hundred percent of the people we interviewed keep a vegetable garden,

and most of them also have fields of tea, mangoes, shikuwasa, and so on.”
• “Locals eat a wide variety of foods, especially vegetables. Variety seems to be
key. A study of Okinawa’s centenarians showed that they ate 206 different
foods, including spices, on a regular basis. They ate an average of eighteen
different foods each day, a striking contrast to the nutritional poverty of our fast-
food culture.”
• “They eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day. At least
seven types of fruits and vegetables are consumed by Okinawans on a daily
basis. The easiest way to check if there is enough variety on your table is to
make sure you’re ‘eating the rainbow.’ A table featuring red peppers, carrots,
spinach, cauliflower, and eggplant, for example, offers great color and variety.
Vegetables, potatoes, legumes, and soy products such as tofu are the staples
of an Okinawan’s diet. More than 30 percent of their daily calories comes from
vegetables.”
• “Grains are the foundation of their diet. Japanese people eat white rice every
day, sometimes adding noodles. Rice is the primary food in Okinawa, as well.”
• “Eat fish an average of three times per week.”
• “Consume fewer calories: an average of 1,785 per day, compared to 2,068 in
the rest of Japan. In fact, low caloric intake is common among the five Blue
Zones.”
• “Tofu, Miso, Tuna, Carrots, Goya (bitter melon), Kombu (sea
kelp), Cabbage, Nori (seaweed), Onion, Soy sprouts, Hechima (cucumber-like
gourd), Soybeans (boiled or raw), Sweet potato, Peppers”
• “Okinawans drink more Sanpin-cha—a mix of green tea and jasmine flowers—
than any other kind of tea…Okinawans drink an average of three cups of
Sanpin-cha every day.”
 • “White tea, with its high concentration of polyphenols, may be even more
effective against aging. In fact, it is considered to be the natural product with
the greatest antioxidant power in the world—to the extent that one cup of white
tea might pack the same punch as about a dozen glasses of orange juice.”

OTHER MEMORABLE QUOTES:

• “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.” —
Aristotle
• “To be able to concentrate for a considerable amount of time is essential to
difficult achievement.” — Bertrand Russell
• “The grand essentials to happiness in this life are something to do, something
to love, and something to hope for.” — Washington Burnap
• “Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human
freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances,
to choose one’s own way.” — Viktor Frankl
• “Nana korobi ya oki (Fall seven times, rise eight.)” — Japanese proverb
• “Metabolism slows down 90 percent after 30 minutes of sitting. The enzymes
that move the bad fat from your arteries to your muscles, where it can get
burned off, slow down. And after two hours, good cholesterol drops 20 percent.
Just getting up for five minutes is going to get things going again. These things
are so simple they’re almost stupid.” — Gavin Bradley

https://www.sloww.co/ikigai-book/