Biology CLASS 8 CHAPTER 1 IGCSE

IGCSE IGCSE Biology Grade 8 jayavirtualclassroom
@ gmail.com
VOCABULARY CHAPTER : Classification MIND-MAP
/DIAGRAM
Concept :Characteristics of Living Things [Pg: 2,3]
Organism: Understand
an individual
animal, plant, or  All living organisms whether they are single celled or multi-
single-celled life cellular , plants or animals, show the characteristics :
form. Movement , Respiration , Sensitivity , Growth , MRS GREN
Reproduction ,Excretion and Nutrition.
Stimuli : Evoking  Remember the list using MRS GREN [7 characteristics]
a specific reaction.
Learn
Metabolism :It is
the chemical Movement : It is an action by an organism or part of an organism
reactions that take causing a change of position or place
place inside cells Example :
Most single celled organisms and animals move about as a whole.
Fungi and plants make movements with only certain parts of their
body.
Respiration: Chemical reactions in cells that breakdown nutrient

molecules {glucose}inside their cells and release energy.[metabolism]
Sensitivity : It is the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal

and external environment and to make appropriate responses.
Growth :It is a permanent increase in size .

Increase in cell number or cell size or both indicates growth.
Example :
Bacteria and Single celled organism also show increase in size.
In multi-cellular organisms there is increase of cells in their bodies ,
and they become more complicated and change shape.
Reproduction :It is the process that make more of the same kind of
organism.
Example :
In Single celled organisms and bacteria the simplest reproduction takes
place by just the division of one cell into two.
But in multi- cellular organisms’ reproduction is more complicated.
Excretion : It is the removal of the waste substances of metabolic

reactions (the chemical reactions that take place inside cells), toxic
materials and substances that is excess in requirement.
Example :
 In plants, the two main metabolic reactions are aerobic
respiration and photosynthesis
 The waste product of aerobic respiration is carbon dioxide
 The waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen
 Unlike animals, plants do not contain specialised excretory
organs and excretion of these gases from the plant takes place
through the stomata on the underside of leaves
 Unlike plants, humans have organs which are specialised for the
removal of certain excretory products. They include the lungs,
kidneys and skin
Nutrition :It is the taking in of materials for energy , growth and
development.
Example :
Plants need light, carbon dioxide , water and ions to make their food.
Animals need organic compounds and ions and also need water.
SUMMARY PRACTISE QUESTIONS :
Q1.What are the seven characteristics that living organisms exhibit ?
Q2.Some yeast , sugar and water are mixed in a test tube.The diagram
show the test tube at the start and after 1 hour.
What process caused this change ?

(a) Growth (b) Reproduction (c) Respiration (d) sensitivity
Q4. List and describe the characteristics of organisms
Q5..Define the terms :

(a) Growth (b) Reproduction
(c) Respiration (d) sensitivity
Q6. Which one of the following functions is carried out by green plants
but not by animals?
(a) excretion
(b) growth
(c) photosynthesis
(d) respiration
Q7. The following figure shows how fish reacts when the glass on one
side of an aquarium tank is tapped with a finger 
What characteristics of living organisms does this demonstrate?

(a) excretion and movement
(b) excretion and nutrition
(c) growth and irritability
(d) irritability and movement
Q8.Complete the passage below by choosing the words from the box :
Excretion growth sensitivity movement nutrition
Organisms’ reproduction respiration

(a) Living things are often called ______________.
(b) All living things release energy from their food in a process called
______________, which happens inside their cells.
(c) The food from which the energy is released is taken into the body in
a process called ________________.
(d) All living things get bigger as they get older. This process is called
__________________.
(e)The production of young is called ____________________.
(f)Waste substances are removed from organisms by the process of
_____
IGCSE Biology Grade 8 jayavirtualclassroom
@ gmail.com
VOCABULARY CHAPTER : Classification MIND-MAP
/DIAGRAM
Concept :Classification [Pg: 3]
Species:
A species is a Understand
group of
organisms with Planet Earth has enormous variety of living organisms.
similar features There were millions of different species and more and more
that can reproduce species were discovered. MRS GREN
to produce fertile  Scientist realized they have often common characteristics in
offspring. common
Example :
Organism:
an individual
animal, plant, or
single-celled life
form.
All these animals are different species but they all have similar
characteristics.
Learn
Meaning of Classification ?
It is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Why is there need for Classification?

Scientist use a classification system to study, compare and identify
living things.
Fact :
The scientific The Binomial System of Classification :
study of how
animals are Organisms were first classified by a Swedish Botanist Carl Linnaeus in
classified is called a way that classified species into different categories based on their
Taxonomy. structure and characteristics.
Swedish
botanist Carl
Linnaeus is the Exam Tip : You could be asked to use the classification system
Father of that Linnaeus developed.
Systematic
Biology First key idea you should understand is that :
1. Linnaeus divided all living organisms into two Kingdoms
Animal Kingdom Plant Kingdom
2.Linnaeus then divided each kingdom into a number of smaller

categories as shown here
You have to
learn this .You
can use a
mnemonic
Example :
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
soup
Exam Tip : You could be shown the classification of an

organism
Example : Classification of the species Zebra :
Kingdom Animalia (animal) The missing part here

Phylum Chordata(vertebrate) is class !
.................. Mammalia (mammal)
.
Order Perissodactyla (non ruminant)
Family Equidae (rhino ,rabbit,tapir)
Genus Equus (horse ,mule, zebra)
Species quagga(zebra)
Fact :
When typed
Naming an Organism :
binomial name of
an organism is
Every organism is named scientifically from their genus (always in
always in italics
capital letter) and followed by their species(starting with a lower case
Ex : Homo
letter).
sapiensAnimalia
Kingdom
Phylum Chordata Example the Zebra has the name “Equus quagga”
............... Mammalia
.... Scientists call this the Binomial System .
Order Carnivora The word Binomial means two names
Family Ursidae
Genus Ursus Exam Tip : In exam you can be given a classification of an
Species maritimus organism and asked to name its binomial name.
Example :What is the binomial name of the polar bear ?

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IGCSE IGCSE Biology Grade 8 jayavirtualclassroom

Respiration: Chemical reactions in cells that breakdown nutrient

Sensitivity : It is the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal

Growth :It is a permanent increase in size .

Excretion : It is the removal of the waste substances of metabolic

SUMMARY PRACTISE QUESTIONS :

Q1.What are the seven characteristics that living organisms exhibit ?

What process caused this change ?

Q4. List and describe the characteristics of organisms

Q5..Define the terms :

What characteristics of living organisms does this demonstrate?

Organisms’ reproduction respiration

Why is there need for Classification?

1. Linnaeus divided all living organisms into two Kingdoms

Animal Kingdom Plant Kingdom

2.Linnaeus then divided each kingdom into a number of smaller

Exam Tip : You could be shown the classification of an

Example : Classification of the species Zebra :

Kingdom Animalia (animal) The missing part here

Example :What is the binomial name of the polar bear ?

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