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    Cause: Skin Effect Is The Tendency of An

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    Vamsi Reddy
    The skin effect causes alternating electric currents to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface and decreases with depth. This is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field from the alternating current. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus reducing the effective cross-section.

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    Cause: Skin Effect Is The Tendency of An

    Uploaded by

    Vamsi Reddy
    55 views2 pages
    The skin effect causes alternating electric currents to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface and decreases with depth. This is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field from the alternating current. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus reducing the effective cross-section.

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    electric skin effect

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    skineff1

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    The skin effect causes alternating electric currents to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface and decreases with depth. This is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field from the alternating current. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus reducing the effective cross-section.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    55 views2 pages

    Cause: Skin Effect Is The Tendency of An

    Uploaded by

    Vamsi Reddy
    The skin effect causes alternating electric currents to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface and decreases with depth. This is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field from the alternating current. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus reducing the effective cross-section.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to become distributed within a

    conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface of the conductor, and decreases with
    greater depths in the conductor. The electric current flows mainly at the "skin" of the conductor,
    between the outer surface and a level called the skin depth. The skin effect causes the effective
    resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus
    reducing the effective cross-section of the conductor. The skin effect is due to opposing eddy currents
    induced by the changing magnetic field resulting from the alternating current. At 60 Hz in copper, the
    skin depth is about 8.5 mm. At high frequencies the skin depth becomes much smaller. Increased AC
    resistance due to the skin effect can be mitigated by using specially woven litz wire. Because the interior
    of a large conductor carries so little of the current, tubular conductors such as pipe can be used to save
    weight and cost.

    Cause

    Skin depth is due to the circulating eddy currents (arising from a changing H field) cancelling the
    current flow in the center of a conductor and reinforcing it in the skin.

    Conductors, typically in the form of wires, may be used to transmit electrical energy or signals
    using an alternating current flowing through that conductor. The charge carriers constituting that
    current, usually electrons, are driven by an electric field due to the source of electrical energy.
    An alternating current in a conductor produces an alternating magnetic field in and around the
    conductor. When the intensity of current in a conductor changes, the magnetic field also changes.
    The change in the magnetic field, in turn, creates an electric field which opposes the change in
    current intensity. This opposing electric field is called “counter-electromotive force” (back
    EMF). The back EMF is strongest at the center of the conductor, and forces the conducting
    electrons to the outside of the conductor, as shown in the diagram on the right.[1] [2]

    An alternating current may also be induced in a conductor due to an alternating magnetic field
    according to the law of induction. An electromagnetic wave impinging on a conductor will
    therefore generally produce such a current; this explains the reflection of electromagnetic waves
    from metals.

    Regardless of the driving force, the current density is found to be greatest at the conductor's
    surface, with a reduced magnitude deeper in the conductor. That decline in current density is
    known as the skin effect and the skin depth is a measure of the depth at which the current density
    falls to 1/e of its value near the surface. Over 98% of the current will flow within a layer 4 times
    the skin depth from the surface. This behavior is distinct from that of direct current which
    usually will be distributed evenly over the cross-section of the wire.

    The effect was first described in a paper by Horace Lamb in 1883 for the case of spherical
    conductors, and was generalised to conductors of any shape by Oliver Heaviside in 1885. The
    skin effect has practical consequences in the analysis and design of radio-frequency and
    microwave circuits, transmission lines (or waveguides), and antennas. It is also important at
    mains frequencies (50–60 Hz) in AC electrical power transmission and distribution systems.
    Although the term "skin effect" is most often associated with applications involving transmission
    of electric currents, the skin depth also describes the exponential decay of the electric and
    magnetic fields, as well as the density of induced currents, inside a bulk material when a plane
    wave impinges on it at normal incidence.

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